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Genomic Understanding of an Infectious Brain Disease from the Desert.

Rhinocladiella mackenziei accounts for the majority of fungal brain infections in the Middle East, and is restricted to the arid climate zon … degradation of aromatic compounds and iron acquisition. In addition, intracellular accumulation of trehalose and choline suggests possible adaptations to the conditions of an arid climate region. Specifically, protein family contractions were found, including short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR, the cytochrome P450 (CYP) (E-class), and the G-protein β …

Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Mincle Cooperatively Sense Corynebacterial Cell Wall Glycolipids.

Nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans cause invasive disease in humans and animals. Host sensing of corynebacteria is largely uncharacterized, albeit the recognition of lipoglycans by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) appears to be important for macrophage activation by corynebacteria. The members of the order Corynebacterineae (e.g., mycobacteria, nocardia, and rhodococci) share a glycolipid-rich cell wall dominated by mycolic acids (termed corynomycolic acids in corynebacteria). The mycolic acid-containing cord factor of mycobacteria, trehalose dimycolate, activates…

Alternative vaccine administration by powder injection: Needle-free dermal delivery of the glycoconjugate meningococcal group Y vaccine.

Powder-injectors use gas propulsion to deposit lyophilised drug or vaccine particles in the epidermal and sub epidermal layers of the skin. … .2), and an impact parameter (ρvr ~ 11.5 kg/m·s) sufficient to breach the Stratum corneum (sc). The trehalose, manitol, dextran (10 kDa), dextran (150 kDa) formulation, or TMDD (3:3:3:1), protected the MenY-CRM197 glyconjugate during SFD with minimal loss, no detectable chemical degradation or physical aggregation. In a capsular group Y Neisseria meningitid …

Spatially Controlled Release from Printable Microgels for Embedded Bioprinting.

Granular hydrogels composed of jammed microgels have emerged as promising biomaterials for 3D bioprinting due to their tunable viscoelastic … e incorporation, we employed a freeze-drying and absorption loading technique and demonstrated that trehalose preserves microgel morphology and rheological properties. Release kinetics of small (fluorescein) and large (BSA) model molecules revealed sustained diffusion-driven release. The microgels retained their printability and flow properties after rehydr …

Acidification-dependent suppression of C. difficile by pathogenic and commensal enterococci.

Clostridioides difficile and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) are commonly co-isolated from hospitalized patients. We sought to develop a co-culture biofilm model to characterize interactions between these two opportunistic pathogens. Upon growth in biofilm-promoting media containing added glucose, fructose or trehalose, VRE produces sufficient acid to lower the pH and inhibit growth of C. difficile. We found this effect depended on the carbon source, and that acidification by VRE was necessary and sufficient to suppress C. difficile growth in liquid medium and in cecal content …

Acidification-dependent suppression of C. difficile by pathogenic and commensal enterococci.

Clostridioides difficile and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) are commonly co-isolated from hospitalized patients. We sought to develop a co-culture biofilm model to characterize interactions between these two opportunistic pathogens. Upon growth in biofilm-promoting media containing added glucose, fructose, or trehalose, VRE produces sufficient acid to lower the pH and inhibit growth of C. difficile. We found this effect depended on the carbon source, and that acidification by VRE was necessary and sufficient to suppress C. difficile growth in liquid medium and in cecal content…

Conformational determinants of glucagon stability and aggregation kinetics in aqueous and commercial formulations.

Glucagon is a well-established therapeutic peptide, widely used to treat hypoglycemia. Like many peptide drugs, it offers advantages such as … auto-injector ready-to-use (RTU) formulation containing glucagon in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with trehalose. In this study, we investigated the conformational properties of glucagon in these two marketed formulations and compared them with glucagon dissolved in aqueous solution at pH 3.5, a metastable condition prone to aggregation. Preliminary circular d …

Stabilization strategies and advancements in lyophilization to preserve integrity and efficacy of next-generation biologicals.

The success of mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased global demand for stable, t … gation, and interfacial destabilization. This review emphasizes the importance of optimized sucrose-trehalose combinations and effective ice-nucleation control in preserving encapsulation efficiency and maintaining particle integrity. Furthermore, the review discusses advanced process optimization tools, including digital twin modeling and in-line Raman spe …

Targeting Autophagy in Alzheimer's Disease: Role of the AMPK/mTOR Pathway and Drug Repurposing.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau (τ) … processes. The review highlights that various pharmacological agent including rapamycin, metformin, trehalose, and curcumin, as well as repurposed drugs like lithium and statins can effectively enhance autophagy to ameliorate cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, herbal formulations such as Danggui Shaoyao San and phytoconstituents like Icar …

Physicochemical and Instrumental Flavor Analysis of Plant-Based Drinks with Plant Powder Additions.

This study explored the use of fruit- and herb-based powders as fortifying agents in soy- and oat-based beverages. Developed using a New Pro … rofiles across formulations, revealing matrix-dependent effects and interactions, particularly with trehalose, that influenced sweetness and bitterness. The electronic nose provided consistent aroma differentiation. Overall, the results highlight the potential of these underutilized plant powders as multifunctional ingredients in plant-based beverage develo …

Systemic positive feedback regulation of ecdysone biosynthesis via sugar metabolism in insects.

Insects are recognized as the most diverse species in the world. They are classified into three separate groups based on their developmental … thesis in the prothoracic glands via sugar metabolism. Given that ecdysone levels fail to rise when trehalose metabolism-an essential blood sugar in insects-is disrupted, these findings are particularly intriguing. This opinion paper discusses how PTTH activates prothoracic glands through sugar metabolism and proposes a model for systemic, midgut-mediated p …

Self-assembled Zanubrutinib-loaded lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles for enhanced oral absorption by lymphatic uptake: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluations.

The application of zanubrutinib (ZBR) is limited by poor aqueous solubility (0.0103 mg/ml) and low oral bioavailability (15%) owing to exten … and entrapment efficiency of 82.15 ± 3.70%. The lyophilization of ZBR-LPHNPs was carried out using trehalose at a 1:3 ratio. The DSC and XRD analyses displayed the conversion of ZBR into amorphous form. The particles were spherical, with a core-shell hybrid structure. The ZBR-LPHNPs showed 99.85 ± 2.37% release in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 at 72 h and follow …

Cryopreservation of chicken and duck tracheal rings and precision-cut lung slices: A promising tool for the rapid characterization of avian influenza viruses.

Since its emergence in 1996, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage have diversified into mu … dPCLS), assessing post-thaw viability, histological integrity, and susceptibility to AIV infection. Trehalose supplementation of cryopreservation solutions based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) significantly improved tissue viability. Although cryopreserved tissues were less viable than the fresh explants, viral replication was sim …

APOE4 ослабляет липофагическую липофагию и поощряет демиэлизацию спиральных ганглионов в мышином кохлее.

АпоЭ-4 Ген представляет собой прочно установившийся генетический фактор риска для нейродегенеративных заболеваний, таких, как болезнь Альцгеймера и множественный склероз, которые характеризуются аксонной демиелинацией в центральной нервной системе. В недавних исследованиях были замешаны АпоЕ-4 в связи с возрастной потерей слуха (ARHL), что предполагает потенциальную роль изоформы APOE4 в дегенерации периферической нервной системы. Однако роль APOE4 в ARHL по-прежнему не ясна. В этом исследовании мы изучили потенциальную роль APOE4 в аксонной демиелиции спиральных ганглионов (SGN). АпоЭ-4/ __4

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The ApoE-ε4 gene is a well-established genetic risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosi … s and APOE4 BMDMs with an aberrant accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), which could be reversed by trehalose treatment. This study provided a deep insight into the pathogenesis of APOE4-induced axonal demyelination of SGNs associated with the impaired lipophagy in RCMs, which helped to elucidate the underlying mechanism of ApoE-ε4 in ARHL.

Field-deployable multiplex detection method of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus using loop-mediated isothermal amplification and DNA chromatography.

A novel multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method combined with DNA chromatography was developed for the simultaneous detection of three important respiratory disease-causing viruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus, and influenza B virus. Amplification was performed at a constant temperature, and a positive result was confirmed by a visible colored band. An in-house drying protocol with trehalose was used to prepare the dried format multiplex LAMP test. Using this dried multiplex LAMP test, the analytical sensitivity was det…

Structure-guided approaches to targeting stress responses in human fungal pathogens.

Fungi inhabit extraordinarily diverse ecological niches, including the human body. Invasive fungal infections have a devastating impact on h … Ras1, as well as with divergent stress response regulators, including the cell wall kinase Yck2 and trehalose synthases. Exploring structures of these important fungal stress regulators will accelerate the design of selective antifungals that can be deployed to combat life-threatening fungal diseases.

Two Rab GTPases play different roles in conidiation, trap formation, stress resistance, and virulence in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora.

Rab GTPases are the largest group of the small GTPases family, which play a pivotal role in the secretion of proteins. Arthrobotrys oligospo … transcription of several genes related to environmental resistance, such as genes for catalase and trehalose synthase, was downregulated. Similarly, the extracellular proteolytic activity was decreased. Importantly, the ΔAoRab-7A mutants were unable to produce traps and capture nematodes. However, the disruption of gene AoRab-2 only affected the conidiatio …

Multiple deletions in the polyketide synthase gene repertoire of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveal functional overlap of cell envelope lipids in host-pathogen interactions.

Several specific lipids of the cell envelope are implicated in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis (Mtb), including phthiocerol dimycocerosates (DIM) that have clearly been identified as virulence factors. Others, such as trehalose-derived lipids, sulfolipids (SL), diacyltrehaloses (DAT) and polyacyltrehaloses (PAT), are believed to be essential for Mtb virulence, but the details of their role remain unclear. We therefore investigated the respective contribution of DIM, DAT/PAT and SL to tuberculosis by studying a collection of mutants, each with impaired production of one or several lipids. W…

Preformulation characterization of an aluminum salt-adjuvanted trivalent recombinant protein-based vaccine candidate against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The preformulation of a trivalent recombinant protein-based vaccine candidate for protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae is described b … ing intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Sorbitol, sucrose, and trehalose stabilized the three proteins in solution. The addition of manganese also showed a drastic increase in the thermal stability of SP1650 in solution. The adsorption and desorption processes of each of the antigens to aluminum salt adjuvants were evalu …

Improved formulation and lyophilization cycle for rBCG vaccine.

To improve the conventional BCG vaccine in cake appearance and integrity, a new formulation with corresponding freeze drying cycle was developed for a recombinant BCG vaccine. The new formulation contains mannitol as a bulking agent, and trehalose, sucrose and sodium glutamate as stabilizers. The formulation and freeze drying cycle were tested with different super cooling rates and secondary drying temperatures, with or without an annealing process. Thermodynamic behavior was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Varying the secondary drying temperature and presence/abse…