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TB incidence following accelerated TB preventive treatment scale-up campaigns in Uganda.

<sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>We evaluated the impact of the July 2019-September 2019 accelerated TB preventive therapy (TPT) initiation campaign on TB incidence among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda.</sec><sec><title>DESIGN</title>We conducted a quasi-experimental study using routinely collected data from patient records. The study included PLHIV aged ≥15 years who started ART from 2016 to 2023 at six public health facilities. We used inverse probability treatment weighting and a Cox proportional hazards regression model to compare TB risk before and a…

Anthrax Outbreaks in Kyotera District, Uganda: Implications for Public Health Emergency Preparedness.

INTRODUCTION: In late 2023, Uganda's Ministry of Health declared an anthrax outbreak in the Kyotera district, Masaka region, following reported animal and human fatalities. This article outlines the initial outbreak characteristics and the multi-sectoral response initiated by national and international stakeholders. METHODOLOGY: This article presents a descriptive account of the anthrax outbreak in Kyotera district based on preliminary investigations, surveillance data provided by the Ministry of Health and collaborating partners (WHO, Infectious Disease Institute, Public Health Fellowship Pr…

Substance Use Disorder Among Patients with Primary Mental Illnesses in Southwestern Uganda.

Objective: Substance use is common among people with primary mental illness especially schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared to the general population and complicates treatment outcomes. Methods: We enrolled 385 patients with primary mental illnesses in southwestern Uganda between June and August 2022. We collected information on alcohol and cannabis use, social support, religiosity, adherence to treatment and sociodemographic characteristics. We run a logistic regression model to determine the factors associated with substance use disorder. Results: At multivariable analysis, being male…

Factors associated with reintegration trajectory following female genital fistula surgery in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: A female genital fistula, primarily caused by prolonged obstructed labor or after cesarean delivery in resource-limited countrie … 60) participating in a longitudinal cohort study assessing recovery after genital fistula repair in Uganda, with baseline and 4 quarterly follow-up assessments in 12 months. The primary outcome of reintegration was assessed using a 19-item postfistula repair reintegration instrument (range, 0-100) where a higher score represents better reintegration. Pre …

Endoscopic esophageal foreign body removal among children at Lubaga Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy involves examination of the lining of the esophagus, stomach and part of the duodenum. Interventional endoscopy in addition to evaluating the upper gastrointestinal tract to make a diagnosis, also offers a treatment benefit. Traditionally, esophageal foreign bodies (FBs) in Uganda were removed using rigid endoscopy. We therefore report an emerging trend of using flexible endoscopy to remove these FBs. OBJECTIVE: To describe participant characteristics and endoscopic findings among children who underwent esophageal FB removal in Lubaga Ho…

Symptom-based screening tool for asthma syndrome among young children in Uganda.

Under-diagnosis of asthma in 'under-fives' may be alleviated by improved inquiry into disease history. We assessed a questionnaire-based screening tool for asthma among 614 'under-fives' with severe respiratory illness in Uganda. The questionnaire responses were compared to post hoc consensus diagnoses by three pediatricians who were guided by study definitions that were based on medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory and radiological tests, and response to bronchodilators. Children with asthma or bronchiolitis were categorized as "asthma syndrome". Using this approach, 253…

Measles outbreak amplified in a pediatric ward: Lyantonde District, Uganda, August 2017.

BACKGROUND: Measles is a highly infectious viral disease. In August 2017, Lyantonde District, Uganda reported a measles outbreak to Uganda Ministry of Health. We investigated the outbreak to assess the scope, factors facilitating transmission, and recommend control measures. METHODS: We defined a probable case as sudden onset of fever and generalized rash in a resident of Lyantonde, Lwengo, or Rakai Districts from 1 June-30 September 2017, plus ≥1 of the following: coryza, conjunctivitis, or cough. A confirmed case was a probable case with serum positivity of measles-specific IgM. We conducte…

Cutaneous Filariasis in Free-Ranging Rothschild's Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) in Uganda.

Across Africa, wild giraffes suffer from a variety of skin disorders of mostly unknown etiology. With their populations already threatened from anthropogenic factors, it is important to understand infectious disease risks to giraffes. Here we describe filarid parasites and a portion of their genetic sequence associated with skin disease in Rothschild's giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) in Uganda.

Индивидуальная сетевая модель лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли в округе Кабале, Уганда.

лихорадка Рифт-Вэлли (RVF) является зоонотической болезнью, которая вызывает значительную заболеваемость и смертность среди животных и людей в эндемических районах. В Восточной Африке причиной этого заболевания является вирус лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли (RVFV), который передается главным образом несколькими видами комаров в генерах Аедес и Мансония в периоды эпизоотии и энзоотики в сложном цикле передачи, обусловленном в основном экологическими и климатическими факторами. Вместе с тем недавняя деятельность по борьбе с ВИЧ/СПИДом в Уганде продемонстрировала способность вируса распространяться на новые

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease, that causes significant morbidity and mortality among ungulate livestock and humans in endemi … ission cycle largely driven by environmental and climatic factors. However, recent RVFV activity in Uganda demonstrated the capability of the virus to spread into new regions through livestock movements, and underscored the need to develop effective mitigation strategies to reduce transmission and prevent spread among cattle populations. We simulated RVF …

Low Prevalence of Tuberculin Skin Test Boosting among Community Residents in Uganda.

Boosted tuberculin skin test (TST) reactions can be misclassified as new latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the prevalence of TST boosting in a population-based sample in high TB burden settings. We determined the prevalence of TST boosting among urban residents in Uganda. We evaluated 99 participants with initial TST < 5 mm and repeated a skin test after 2 weeks. We found that only 2% had boosted TST reactions suggesting that most TST conversions could represent new TB infections in this high-burden setting.

Sexual risk behaviors following circumcision among HIV-positive men in Rakai, Uganda.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether circumcision of HIV-positive men is associated with increased subsequent sexual risk behaviors which may place their female partners at risk. METHODS: Newly circumcised and uncircumcised HIV-positive men in the Rakai Community Cohort Study were followed from baseline (July 2013-January 2015) to determine trend in sexual risk behaviors and association of circumcision with subsequent sexual risk behaviors at follow up (February 2015-September 2016). Risk behaviors included sexual activity, alcohol before sex, transactional sex, multiple sex partners, casual sex p

Risk factors for measles death: Kyegegwa District, western Uganda, February-September, 2015.

BACKGROUND: On 18 August 2015, Kyegegwa District reported eight deaths during a measles outbreak to the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH). We investigated this death cluster to verify the cause, identify risk factors, and inform public health interventions. METHODS: We defined a probable measles case as onset of fever and generalised rash in a Kyegegwa District resident from 1 February - 15 September 2015, plus ≥1 of the following: coryza, conjunctivitis, and cough. A confirmed measles case was a probable case with measles-specific IgM positivity. A measles death was a death of a probable or co…

Genital Anaerobic Bacterial Overgrowth and the PrePex Male Circumcision Device, Rakai, Uganda.

The PrePex circumcision device causes ischemic necrosis of the foreskin, raising concerns of anaerobic overgrowth. We compared the subpreputial microbiome of 2 men 7 days after PrePex device placement to that of 145 uncircumcised men in Rakai, Uganda, using 16S ribosomal (rRNA) RNA gene-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and sequencing. PrePex users had higher absolute abundance of all bacteria than uncircumcised men (P = .001), largely due to increased numbers of the following anaerobes: Porphyromonas (5.2 × 10(7) 16S rRNA gene copies/swab in the PrePex group and 1.1 × 10(6…

Slow Clearance of Plasmodium falciparum in Severe Pediatric Malaria, Uganda, 2011-2013.

Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin derivatives is emerging in Asia. We examined molecular markers of resistance in 78 children in Uganda who had severe malaria and were treated with intravenous artesunate. We observed in the K13-propeller domain, A578S, a low-frequency (3/78), nonsynonymous, single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with prolonged parasite clearance.

Hepatitis E virus infections in children age 0-15, Uganda outbreak, 2007.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections among children is not well understood, with some studies reporting that hepatitis E infections do not affect children. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed seroepidemiologic data collected during a hepatitis E outbreak in Uganda to determine prevalence of past and recent HEV infections among children aged 0-15 years. STUDY DESIGN: Individuals were randomly selected from a household census to participate in a seroprevalence survey. We analyzed data on IgM and IgG antibody to HEV among children aged 0-15 years. We categorized the study popu…

Emerging and reemerging epidemic-prone diseases among settling nomadic pastoralists in Uganda.

Epidemic-prone diseases have traditionally been uncommon among nomadic pastoralists as mobility allows already dispersed populations to migrate away from epidemic threats. In the Karamoja region of Uganda, nomadic pastoralists are transitioning to an increasingly settled lifestyle due to cattle raiding and associated civil insecurity. In attempts to reduce conflict in the region, the Ugandan government has instituted disarmament campaigns and encouraged sedentism in place of mobility. In Karamoja, this transition to sedentism has contributed to the emergence and reemergence of epidemic-prone d…

Expert knowledge sourcing for public health surveillance: national tsetse mapping in Uganda.

In much of sub-Saharan Africa, availability of standardized and reliable public health data is poor or negligible. Despite continued calls f … taset development, using the case of vector distributions of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Uganda. Specific objectives include: 1) Review the use of expert knowledge sourcing methods for public health surveillance, 2) Review current knowledge on tsetse vector distributions of public health importance in Uganda and the methods used for tsetse map …

Glossina fuscipes populations provide insights for human African trypanosomiasis transmission in Uganda.

Uganda has both forms of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT): the chronic gambiense disease in the northwest and the acute rhodesiense disease in the south. The recent spread of rhodesiense into central Uganda has raised concerns given the different control strategies the two diseases require. We present knowledge on the population genetics of the major vector species Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in Uganda with a focus on population structure, measures of gene flow between populations, and the occurrence of polyandry. The microbiome composition and diversity is discussed, focusing on their poten…

Endoscopic findings in upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients at Lacor hospital, northern Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common emergency medical condition that may require hospitalization and resuscitation, and results in high patient morbidity. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the preferred investigative procedure for UGIB because of its accuracy, low rate of complication, and its potential for therapeutic interventions. OBJECTIVE: To determine the endoscopic findings in patients presenting with UGIB and its frequency among these patients according to gender and age in Lacor hospital, northern Uganda. METHODS: The study was carried out at Lacor hospi…

Tuberculosis treatment default among HIV-TB co-infected patients in urban Uganda.

OBJECTIVE: To identify health facility and patient-specific factors associated with TB treatment default in HIV-infected patients, in a TB clinic on the campus of Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. METHODS: Unmatched case-control study between March and May 2009. Cases were TB patients known to have defaulted on their anti-TB treatment, defined as a TB patient who had documented discontinuation of TB medication for two or more consecutive months due to reasons other than physician's advice and who did not access care at another facility. Controls were TB patients who comple…