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Калифорнийская энцефалитная активность у комаров и лошадей в южной части Онтарио, 1975 год.

В 1975 году было проведено исследование для определения активности вируса энцефалита в Калифорнии в южной части Онтарио. Три тысячи и шестьдесят один комары, главным образом Aedes, были разделены на 104 бассейна и привиты мышам. Из каждого бассейна Аэдеса Фитчии и А. трицериатных комаров, собранных в районе Гельфа, были получены изолаты снежных зайцев. Серологическое тестирование лошадиной серы выявило обширную вирусную активность в южной части Онтарио и показало, что лошади могут служить отличным монитором калифорнийского энцефалита.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A study was undertaken in 1975 to determine California encephalitis virus activity in southern Ontario. Three thousand and sixty-one mosquitoes, primarily Aedes species, were divided into 104 pools and inoculated into suckling mice. Isolates of snowshoe hare virus were obtained from one pool each of Aedes fitchii and A. triseriatus mosquitoes collected in th…

Intersecting threats: Brucella spp. and nematodes in small cetaceans of the California coast.

Brucella is a genus of zoonotic, intracellular alphaproteobacteria known to cause disease in marine mammals as well as livestock and compani … ucella spp. in nematodes collected at necropsy from 64 small cetaceans that stranded on the central California coast between 2017 and 2023, to better document this host-parasite-pathogen relationship and its potential implications for cetacean population health. A total of 2703 nematodes were analyzed using real-time PCR to identify Brucella at both the genu …

Cannabis policy priorities and public health: a survey of elected officials in California.

BACKGROUND: Cannabis legalization has substantial impacts on public health across the United States, yet the perspectives of local elected o … : From September 2023 to February 2024, we conducted an online survey of 2,681 elected officials in California local government, assessing cannabis policy positions, priorities, and engagement. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all measures. Likelihood ratio tests using logistic regression assessed differences across political party affiliations (De …

Mobility of nitrogen in ashes and soils impacted by wildfires in northern California and Nevada.

Wildfires drastically alter biogeochemical cycling and transport of nutrient elements, including nitrogen (N), from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems, with the potential to degrade water quality. Understanding the impact of characteristics of wildfire-derived ashes and burned soils on the mobilization of N is essential for effectively managing wildfires and mitigating adverse effects on watershed functions. This study quantified the mobility of N in soils and ashes influenced by wildfires in the northern California/Nevada region in the western United States (Dixie, Beckwourth, and Caldor fires…

Whole orchard recycling in California's Central Valley: Benefits, management, and adoption.

Whole orchard recycling (WOR) has become a common practice in California (CA) orchards and vineyards due to declining options for agricultural biomass disposal. WOR is the process by which entire orchards or vineyards are shredded into chips, spread onto the soil surface, and incorporated into the soil before replanting a new crop. The paper summarizes current knowledge on WOR's impact on soils, crops, and the environment and outlines efforts to promote large-scale adoption across California. From 2008 to 2019, field trials were established at eight sites in the Central Valley to identify best…

Implementing Honey Bee Surveillance for the Detection of Avocado Sunblotch Disease in California.

Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) represents a complex and significant hurdle for the avocado industry and growers. The viroid's uneven distribution within host tissues makes traditional leaf-based indexing logistically intensive and prone to sampling errors. This study evaluates a honey bee-mediated surveillance framework as a scalable alternative for orchard monitoring. Beehives were strategically positioned across four commercial orchards in Southern California, located directly under the canopy and at distances of 100 and 200 meters from confirmed infected trees. A total of 83 samples, comp…

Traffic-related air toxics and Parkinson's disease in California's Central Valley.

Growing evidence links air pollution to Parkinson's disease (PD), yet most research focuses on criteria pollutants like nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which cannot pinpoint specific toxic constituents driving the association. This population-based case-control study from the counties of Fresno, Tulare, and Kern in central California (764 patients, 798 controls) investigated whether specific air toxics - metals with mobile-source/industrial contributions (nickel, zinc), vehicle-exhaust volatile organic compounds (benzene, 1,3-butadiene), and industrial/urban metals …

College Students' Awareness of California's Law Prohibiting Sales of Flavored Tobacco.

INTRODUCTION: Laws prohibiting sales of flavored tobacco are increasingly prevalent across the United States, with eight states and 402 localities that passed such laws between 2010 and 2024. California's statewide law prohibiting sales of flavored tobacco products went into effect on December 21, 2022. It is unknown whether California college students are aware of this law. AIMS AND METHODS: An online survey of California college students (ages 18-24) was conducted from April 4 to August 6, 2024 (n = 3919). Mixed models estimated associations between awareness of the state law and any tobacc…

Geospatial evaluation of San Francisco, California's homeless encampment sweeps injunction.

INTRODUCTION: Homelessness remains a pervasive issue in many communities within the United States (US). "Sit-lie" policies restrict where individuals can sit or lie down in public places and are frequently passed and cited to forcibly re-locate individuals experiencing homelessness. In December 2022, a federal judge issued a temporary injunction of San Francisco, California's sit-lie policy, due to a pending lawsuit arguing that the enforcement of such policies when shelter cannot be offered is a violation of the Eighth Amendment of the US Constitution. METHODS: To examine the effects of this…

Trends in Retinopathy of Prematurity Among Preterm Infants in California, 2012 to 2021.

IMPORTANCE: The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been increasing in the US since 2003. Understanding the progression of and racial disparities in ROP incidence in California can provide a contrasting perspective that may guide future research and practice in the management and prevention of ROP. OBJECTIVE: To describe how the screening and incidence of ROP among very preterm infants in California changed from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study used a cohort of very preterm infants (defined as infants born prior to 32 weeks' g…

Continuity of Clinician Type and Intrapartum Experiences During the Perinatal Period in California.

INTRODUCTION: Continuity of care with an individual clinician is associated with increased satisfaction and better outcomes. Continuity of c … ian type. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, data were from the 2017 Listening to Mothers in California survey. The analytic sample was limited to individuals with vaginal births who had midwifery or obstetrician-gynecologist prenatal care (N = 1384). Bivariate and multivariate analysis examined characteristics of individuals by continuity of clinicia …