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The Multifaceted Roles of Myrrha in the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Promises.

BackgroundBreast cancer is a critical threat to human health, and effective targeted agents showing lower systemic toxicity are still lacking. Therefore, exploring new potent therapeutic candidates with a broader safety margin is warranted. Alternative medicine, which has historically been used in traditional Chinese medicine, has played an increasingly prominent role in this area of research. This study introduces Commiphora myrrha (or myrrh) as a potential therapeutic candidate for treating breast cancer patients. Myrrh bioactive extracts have been used traditionally for decades to treat num

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… | Transcription factor AP-1 MOL000098 | quercetin | Transcription factor AP-1 MOL001002 | ellagic acid | Estrogen receptor MOL001040 | (2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4- hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one | Estrogen receptor MOL002513 | Xanthorrhizol | Estrogen receptor MOL001057 | 2- methyl-5-(5΄ -hydroxy-1΄,5΄ -dimethyl … The multifaceted mechanisms of ellagic acid in the treatment of tumors: state-of-the-art . Biomed Pharmacother . 2023 ; 165 : 115132 . doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115132 37423169 76 Shishodia S Azu N Rosenzweig JA Jackson DA. Guggulsterone for chemoprevention of cancer . …

Tumor angiogenesis as a target for dietary cancer prevention.

Between 2000 and 2050, the number of new cancer patients diagnosed annually is expected to double, with an accompanying increase in treatment costs of more than $80 billion over just the next decade. Efficacious strategies for cancer prevention will therefore be vital for improving patients' quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. Judah Folkman first proposed antiangiogenesis as a strategy for preventing dormant microtumors from progressing to invasive cancer. Although antiangiogenic drugs are now available for many advanced malignancies (colorectal, lung, breast, kidney, liver, brain,

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… These include retinoids, vitamin D3, tamoxifen, oltipraz, curcumin, linoleic acid, ellagic acid, selenium, α -difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), N -acetyl- l -cysteine (NAC), catechins, and celecoxib [ 142 – 151 ]. … Upon consumption, ellagitannins are hydrolyzed to ellagic acid which is antiangiogenic. Colonic microbiota further convert ellagic acid to urolithin A which is also bioactive [ 258 ]. All parts of the pomegranate contain high levels of ellagitannins, of which the primary type is punicalagin. …

Angioprevention of Urologic Cancers by Plant-Derived Foods.

The number of cancer cases worldwide keeps growing unstoppably, despite the undeniable advances achieved by basic research and clinical practice. Urologic tumors, including some as prevalent as prostate, bladder or kidney tumors, are no exceptions to this rule. Moreover, the fact that many of these tumors are detected in early stages lengthens the duration of their treatment, with a significant increase in health care costs. In this scenario, prevention offers the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the global control of these diseases. Although specialized diets are not the only way to

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… These phytochemicals are readily metabolized by gut microbiota, generating the active forms ellagic acid and urolithin A derivatives ( Figure 7 ) [ 241 ]. … As mentioned above, ellagitannins are metabolized to the active form ellagic acid. …

Controlled Drug Delivery Systems for Oral Cancer Treatment-Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which encompasses the oral cavity-derived malignancies, is a devastating disease causing substantial morbidity and mortality in both men and women. It is the most common subtype of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is ranked the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Despite promising advancements in the conventional therapeutic approaches currently available for patients with oral cancer, many drawbacks are still to be addressed; surgical resection leads to permanent disfigurement, altered sense of self and debilitating physiologica

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… Arulmozhi et al. developed chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating ellagic acid using the ionotropic gelation technique, which enhanced the anticancer properties of ellagic acid, thus, making this formulation a promising platform for oral cancer treatment [ 100 , 108 ]. 3.1.2. … Ellagic acid, a dietary polyphenol, selectively cytotoxic to HSC-2 oral carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 2013;33:1829–1836. 108. Arulmozhi V., Pandian K., Mirunalini S. Ellagic acid encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery system in human oral cancer cell line (KB) Colloids Surf. …

Natural Compounds with Potential to Modulate Cancer Therapies and Self-Reactive Immune Cells.

Cancer-related deaths are approaching 10 million each year. Survival statistics for some cancers, such as ovarian cancer, have remained unchanged for decades, with women diagnosed at stage III or IV having over 80% chance of a lethal cancer recurrence after standard first-line treatment (reductive surgery and chemotherapy). New treatments and adjunct therapies are needed. In ovarian cancer, as in other cancers, the immune response, particularly cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells are correlated with a decreased risk of recurrence. As well as completely new antigen targets resulting from DNA mutations (ne

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… acid Ellagic acid derivatives Catechin Hesperetin | [ 167 , 168 ] Lemon myrtle | Backhousia citriodora | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory | Catechin Epicatechin Vanilic acid Myricetin Hesperetin rhamnoside Hesperetin hexoside Quercetin Ellagic acid Ellagic acid derivatives | [ 164 , 167 , 168 ] 6.1 … Prevention of n-nitrosodiethylamine-induced lung tumorigenesis by ellagic acid and quercetin in mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1999;37:313–318. doi: 10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00021-6. 191. Kim H., Moon J.Y., Ahn K.S., Cho S.K. …

Dietary Polyphenols and Their Biological Significance

Dietary polyphenols represent a wide variety of compounds that occur in fruits, vegetables, wine, tea, extra virgin olive oil, chocolate and other cocoa products. They are mostly derivatives and/or isomers of flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, catechins and phenolic acids, and possess diverse biological properties such as antioxidant, antiapoptosis, anti-aging, anticarcinogen, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, cardiovascular protection, improvement of the endothelial function, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation activity. Most of these biological actions have bee

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… Caffeic acid, ellagic acid, and ferulic acid could inhibit apoptosis through the Bcl-2 independent mechanism in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells [ 116 ]. Thus, regular intake of these compounds will protect and improve quality of life. … Ellagic acid was detected in human plasma at a maximum concentration (31.9 ng/mL) after 1 h postingestion [ 191 ]. …

Role of Dietary Antioxidants in p53-Mediated Cancer Chemoprevention and Tumor Suppression.

Cancer arises through a complex interplay between genetic, behavioral, metabolic, and environmental factors that combined trigger cellular changes that over time promote malignancy. In terms of cancer prevention, behavioral interventions such as diet can promote genetic programs that may facilitate tumor suppression; and one of the key tumor suppressors responsible for initiating such programs is p53. The p53 protein is activated by various cellular events such as DNA damage, hypoxia, heat shock, and overexpression of oncogenes. Due to its role in cell fate decisions after DNA damage, regulato

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… A study provided evidence that ellagic acid inhibited cell proliferation via p21-mediated G 1 arrest and cell death, leading to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and induction of cell death by ellagic acid, which supports as a chemopreventive agent [ 176 ]. 6.4. … Ellagic acid potentiates the effect of quercetin on p21waf1/cip1, p53, and MAP-kinases without affecting intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in vitro. Journal of Nutrition. 2005;135(3):609–614. doi: 10.1093/jn/135.3.609. 164. …

New Avenues and Major Achievements in Phytocompounds Research for Glioblastoma Therapy.

Phytocompounds have been evaluated for their anti-glioblastoma actions for decades, with promising results from preclinical studies but only limited translation into clinics. Indeed, by targeting multiple signaling pathways deregulated in cancer, they often show high efficacy in the in vitro studies, but their poor bioavailability, low tumor accumulation, and rapid clearance compromise their efficacy in vivo. Here, we present the new avenues in phytocompound research for the improvement of glioblastoma therapy, including the ways to enhance the response to temozolomide using phytochemicals, th

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… Antitumor Activity of Irinotecan with Ellagic Acid in C6 Glioma Cells. Rev. Assoc. Méd. Bras. 2022;68:939–944. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220130. 30. Qu H., Song X., Song Z., Jiang X., Gao X., Bai L., Wu J., Na L., Yao Z. … Ellagic Acid Enhances Antitumor Efficacy of Temozolomide in an in Vitro Glioblastoma Model. Turk. Neurosurg. 2020;30:813–821. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.26026-19.1. 44. …

Emerging Nanopharmaceuticals and Nanonutraceuticals in Cancer Management.

Nanotechnology is the science of nanoscale, which is the scale of nanometers or one billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology encompasses a broad range of technologies, materials, and manufacturing processes that are used to design and/or enhance many products, including medicinal products. This technology has achieved considerable progress in the oncology field in recent years. Most chemotherapeutic agents are not specific to the cancer cells they are intended to treat, and they can harm healthy cells, leading to numerous adverse effects. Due to this non-specific targeting, it is not feasible to a

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… Synthesis of lactoferrin mesoporous silica nanoparticles for pemetrexed/ellagic acid synergistic breast cancer therapy Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2020 188 110824 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110824 32023511 124. Ceci C. Lacal P.M. Tentori L. De Martino M.G. Miano R. Graziani G. … Experimental evidence of the antitumor, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activity of ellagic acid Nutrients 2018 10 1756 10.3390/nu10111756 30441769 PMC6266224 125. Neamatallah T. El-Shitany N. Abbas A. Eid B.G. Harakeh S. Ali S. Mousa S. …

Localized Drug Delivery Systems: An Update on Treatment Options for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy being the primary treatment modalities. The treatment for HNSCC has evolved over time, due to which the prognosis has improved drastically. Despite the varied treatment options, major challenges persist. HNSCC chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs are usually administered systemically, which could affect the patient's quality of life due to the associated side effects. Moreover, the systemic administration of salivary stimulating agent

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… Polymeric NPs have been widely investigated for chemoprevention, along with the drugs Cisplatin, Curcumin, Ellagic Acid, and 5-FU [ 170 , 171 ]. These agents have been encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles and polymeric micelles to reduce systemic toxicities [ 171 , 172 ]. … Acid | Chitosan Nanoparticles encapsulated with Ellagic Acid | Sustained release and increased cytotoxocity of Ellacgic Acid in vitro on OSCC cell lines. | Arulmozhi et al. [ 183 ] 5-FU | PLGA Nanoparticles with 5-FU in vitro/in vivo | Prolonged release of 5-FU with increased oral bioavailability; reduced …

The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update.

Cancer is caused by abnormal proliferation of cells and aberrant recognition of the immune system. According to recent studies, natural products are most likely to be effective at preventing cancer without causing any noticeable complications. Among the bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, quercetin is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin on some different types of cancers including blood, lung and prostate cancers.

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… For polyphenols, a class of natural compounds, treatment with ellagic acid, luteolin, and curcumin alone showed excellent anticancer effects. However, combined with quercetin, some adverse effects were observed, such as ROS increase, apoptosis promotion, and proliferation reduction. … Observed that quercetin interaction with ellagic acid-induced synergistic effect led to cell cycle disturbance, apoptosis promotion, and proliferation reduction in the MOLT-4 human leukemia cell line ( 83 – 85 ). …

The Role of Plant-Derived Natural Products as a Regulator of the Tyrosine Kinase Pathway in the Management of Lung Cancer.

One of the most common malignant tumors worldwide is lung cancer, and it is associated with the highest death rate among all cancers. Traditional treatment options for lung cancer include radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and surgical resection. However, the survival rate is low, and the outlook is still dreadfully dire. The pursuit of a paradigm change in treatment approaches is, therefore, imperative. Tyrosine kinases (TKs), a subclass of protein kinases, regulate vital cellular function by phosphorylating tyrosine residues in proteins. Mutations, overexpression, and autocrine parac

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… Polyphenolic substances, including equol, kaempferol, resveratrol, ellagic acid, p-Coumaric acid, hesperidin, and gallic acid, were significantly reported to reduce cancer growth in TKIR cell H1993 while preserving TKIS cell H2073. … Ellagic Acid Ellagic acid (EA) is a thermostable polyphenolic molecule naturally occurring in a wide range of fruits and nuts, such as black currants, raspberries, strawberries, walnuts, and grapes. EA exists either in a bound form, such as ellagitannins, or in its free form like glycosides. …

The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms.

The high incidence of breast cancer in developed and developing countries, and its correlation to cancer-related deaths, has prompted concerned scientists to discover novel alternatives to deal with this challenge. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of polyphenol structures and classifications, as well as on the carcinogenic process. The biology of breast cancer cells will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer activities of numerous polyphenols, against a wide range of breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, will be explained in detail. The in

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… The flavonoid compound, ellagic acid, which is widely distributed in berries, grapes, and nuts, possesses phenolic rings and ortho-dihydroxyl groups involved in the recognition of ER receptors [ 243 ]. … Ellagic acid significantly reduced cancer size and occurrence in ACI rats exposed to estrogen with decreased CYP1A1 activity [ 244 ]. …

Hidrox® Counteracts Cyclophosphamide-Induced Male Infertility through NRF2 Pathways in a Mouse Model.

BACKGROUND: Every year, men use cyclophosphamide to treat various cancers and autoimmune diseases. On the one hand, this chemotherapy often has the beneficial effect of regressing the tumor, but on the other hand, it leads to infertility due to excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testes caused by its metabolite, acrolein. METHODS: The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial power of a new compound called Hidrox®, containing 40-50% hydroxytyrosol, in counteracting the damage related to fertility induced by cyclophosphamide. The study was conducted using a single intr

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… Ellagic acid attenuates bleomycin and cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary toxicity in Wistar rats Food Chem. Toxicol. 2013 58 210 219 23603381 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.046 11. Zhang J. Tian Q. Yung Chan S. Chuen Li S. Zhou S. Duan W. Zhu Y.Z. … Toxic effect of cyclophosphamide on sperm morphology, testicular histology and blood oxidant-antioxidant balance, and protective roles of lycopene and ellagic acid Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2010 107 730 736 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00571.x 20353483 120. Elkin E.R. Harris S.M. Loch-Caruso R. …

Açai Berry Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Damage in Genitourinary Axis-Modulating Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathways.

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is used to treat different malignancies and autoimmune disorders in men. This chemotherapy frequently reduces tumors, which is beneficial, but also causes infertility because of severe oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the bladder and testes brought on by its metabolite, acrolein. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel food, açai berry, in preventing CYP-induced damage in the bladder and testes.MethodsCYP was administered intraperitoneally once during the experiment at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight diluted in 10 mL/kg b.w. of water.

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… Ellagic acid attenuates bleomycin and cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary toxicity in Wistar rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2013;58:210–219. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.046. 8. Zhang J., Tian Q., Chan S.Y., Li S.C., Zhou S., Duan W., Zhu Y.-Z. … Toxic Effect of Cyclophosphamide on Sperm Morphology, Testicular Histology and Blood Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance, and Protective Roles of Lycopene and Ellagic Acid. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2010;107:730–736. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00571.x. …

Mediterranean Diet Food Components as Possible Adjuvant Therapies to Counteract Breast and Prostate Cancer Progression to Bone Metastasis.

Bone metastasis is a serious and often lethal complication of particularly frequent carcinomas, such as breast and prostate cancers, which not only reduces survival but also worsens the patients' quality of life. Therefore, it is important to find new and/or additional therapeutic possibilities that can counteract the colonization of bone tissue. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) is effective in the prevention of cancer and improves cancer patients' health, thus, here, we considered its impact on bone metastasis. We highlighted some molecular events relevant for the development of

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… Since Snail overexpression increased cathepsin L activity via STAT3 signaling, useful for migration, invasion, and osteoclastogenesis, the muscadine grape skin extract, due to its content of anthocyanin, ellagic acid, and ellagic acid precursor, could be of interest as a therapeutic agent in breast and …

Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment and Cancer Prevention-Review on Epidemiological Data and Clinical Trials.

Phytochemicals are a non-nutritive substances that are present in plants and contribute significantly to their flavor and color. These biologically active compounds are classified into five major groups, namely phenolics, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and alkaloids, and are known for their potential health benefits in the prevention of various diseases, including cancer. The purpose of this review article is to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of the dietary phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, carotenoids, and stilbe

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… log-slope of PSA in the active treatment group [ 151 ] | 6 weeks | 150 mg/day | Results not available [ 149 ] MPX (Muscadine Grape Skin Extract) | | 1 year | 500 mg/day to 4000 mg/day | No severe related adverse events were reported [ 149 ] | 1 year | 4000 mg/d of MPX, 500 mg/d of MPX (1.2 mg of ellagic … acid, 9.2 μg of quercetin, and 4.4 μg of trans-resveratrol) | No significant difference in PSADT change [ 150 ] | 1 year | 1.2 mg of ellagic acid, 9.2 μg of quercetin, and 4.4 μg of trans-resveratrol Most of the concentrations used in in vitro studies are ineffective in clinical application due to …

Antioxidant effects of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular injury in rats.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is known to reduce fertility. The protective effects of Spirulina plantesis (SP) against CP-induced testicular toxicity were investigated. Male Wistar rats were categorized into eight groups (n = 7). Four groups of rats were administered CP at a dose of 5 mg in 5 mL distilled water kg-1 per day orally. Two of these groups were received SP (500 and 1000 mg kg-1 per day) orally after CP administration. One of these groups was also received vitamin E (100 mg kg-1 per day) intraperitoneally. A vehicle treated control group, two SP control groups (500 and 1000 mg kg-1 per day)

Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Natural products have been an invaluable and useful source of anticancer agents over the years. Several compounds have been synthesized from natural products by modifying their structures or by using naturally occurring compounds as building blocks in the synthesis of these compounds for various purposes in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and engineering. Multiple modern and costly treatments have been applied to combat cancer and limit its lethality, but the results are not significantly refreshing. Natural products, which are a significant source of new therapeutic drugs, are cu

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… Some of the commonly explored and proven phytochemicals with anticancer and antimetastatic activities are apigenin, allicin, α-carotene, baicalein, and berberine curcumin, wogonin, formononetin, gambojic/ursolic/ellagic acid, papaya pectins, sulforaphane, and isothiocyanates [ 44 ]. … Recently, Muosa et al. prepared ellagic acid (EA) or diindolylmethane (DIM) loaded PEG-PLGA nanoparticles, tested them against pancreatic cancer SUIT2-luciferase cells, and observed that the nanoformulation of the bioactive compounds produced more significant effects than the compounds alone by inhibiting …

ER-mitochondria tethering and its signaling: A novel therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Communication between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) is assisted by tethering proteins and signaling pathways, manifesting the dynamic exchange of lipids, calcium, and signaling molecules. However, dysregulation of tethering and signaling proteins contributes to the progression of breast cancer (BC). Abnormal MAM structures and altered ER-mitochondrial tethering impair mitochondrial functions and thereby drive BC progression. Altered mitochondrial dynamics, often characterized by dysregulated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)

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… Yakobov et al. showed that ellagic acid, a polyphenol, alone or in combination with DOX, induces cell-cycle arrest of MCF-7 cells. 118 This study illustrated that the combination impaired mitochondrial metabolism by impacting mitochondrial fission and inducing mitochondrial fusion and loss of mitochondrial … Ellagic acid inhibits mitochondrial fission protein Drp-1 and cell proliferation in cancer. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2023;478:2029–2040. doi: 10.1007/s11010-022-04627-6. 119. Li G., Zhou J., Budhraja A., Hu X., Chen Y., Cheng Q., Liu L., Zhou T., Li P., Liu E., Gao N. …