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Ion-specific symmetry-breaking at nanoconfined water-hydrocarbon interfaces.

HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesize that in nanoconfined biphasic fluids, ion-specific interactions can induce spontaneous interfacial symmetry breaking, even under geometrically and chemically symmetric confinement, by modulating the balance between surface-water, surface-hydrocarbon, and hydrocarbon-water interfacial tensions. While the direction of symmetry breaking is stochastic, the magnitude of the resulting asymmetry is reproducible and governed by the ion-specific interactions. EXPERIMENTS: All-atom molecular dynamics simulations are performed on water-n-dodecane mixtures confined between grap

Biodiversity threats and socio-ecological dynamics in Chebera Churchura National Park: A One Health approach.

Chebera Churchura National Park (CCNP), a protected area in Ethiopia renowned for its diverse and thriving ecosystems, including nearly one- … prevail. Lack of collaboration among stakeholders and limited support for park management from the local government and the public at large were critical gaps. In conclusion, the study underscored the need for multisectoral collaborative engagements, strong partnerships, and improved governance and resources to enhance conservation strategies, improve community h …

Shape-dependent disassembly of polygonal microparticles in two dimensions.

Understanding how particle shape governs the assembly and relaxation of colloidal clusters is critical for designing reconfigurable materials. Here, we experimentally investigate the assembly and disassembly dynamics of shape-anisotropic colloidal microparticles confined to two dimensions using a rotating magnetic field. Plate-like, non-magnetic regular polygonal particles (3-6 vertices), each inscribed within a circle of fixed radius, are fabricated via photolithography and dispersed in a magnetic nanoparticle medium, where an in-plane rotating field induces tunable long-range attractions tha

Is lack of suitable housing a barrier to home-based dialysis therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease? A cohort study.

ObjectiveTo determine whether inadequate housing is the main barrier to the provision of home dialysis treatment.DesignProspective observational study.ParticipantsAll patients attending a predialysis clinic between 2006 and 2009 deemed medically suitable for home dialysis and not active on the preemptive transplant list.SettingA predialysis clinic in a London teaching hospital.Main outcome measureAssessment of patient's accommodation for suitability for home-based dialysis using departmental guidelines and the Government's Housing Health and Safety Rating System regulations 2005.ResultsA lack

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… December 2011. http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/statistics/pdf/2102020.pdf (accessed Sept 2012 ). 25 ‘English Housing Survey-Headline Report 2009–2010. ’ Department for Communities and Local Government. … June 2006. http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/138355.pdf (accessed Sept 2012 ). 29 ‘English Housing Condition Survey-Housing Stock Report 2009’ Department for Communities and Local Government . …

Public health case studies in diabetes prevention and control: innovation, partnerships, and funding.

BACKGROUND: In 2006, we conducted case studies of 4 North Carolina local health departments (LHDs) that scored highly on an index of diabetes prevention and control performance, to explore characteristics that may serve as barriers or facilitators of diabetes prevention and control services. METHODS: Case studies involving in-depth interviews were conducted at 4 LHDs. Sites were selected on the basis of 2 variables, known external funding for diabetes services and population size, that were associated with performance in diabetes prevention and control in a 2005 survey of all North Carolina L

[Health sector reform in Colombia and its effects on tuberculosis control and immunization programs].

This paper analyzes the effects of health reform in Colombia on public health programs at the local level, particularly the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) and the tuberculosis control program. The research was developed in three health districts in two States by analysis of documents, direct observation, and longitudinal follow-up of the transition process. The health districts were unprepared for the change, resulting in insufficient technical skills among staff as well as lack of awareness of important elements in the new system, associated with a reduction in immunization coverage a

Disposal of unclaimed remains in Chinese medical institutions: power-responsibility conflicts, standardization deficits, and legal regulation.

BACKGROUND: The disposal of unclaimed remains is an interdisciplinary governance issue at the intersection of public health security and funeral governance in China, involving health, public security, civil affairs and finance authorities. Medical institutions, as the frontline implementers of temporary storage, death-information verification and custody handover, bear obligations that are not matched by corresponding administrative authority. This study addresses three questions: what legal and procedural norms govern the disposal of unclaimed remains in Chinese medical institutions; why powe

Accelerating onchocerciasis elimination in humanitarian settings: lessons from South Sudan.

There is persistent meso- and hyperendemicity of onchocerciasis (river blindness) in South Sudan, a country that has endured armed conflict for many years. In 2018, Amref Health Africa, in collaboration with local communities, the South Sudan Ministry of Health and other stakeholders, initiated some interventions, among which was Innovative Approaches to Reduce the Burden of Disease Caused by Onchocerciasis (IARDO) project. This project implemented several strategies, including identifying areas where onchocerciasis elimination programs need strengthening, switching from annual to biannual com

Improving urban health through primary health care in south Asia.

South Asia is rapidly urbanising. The strains of rapid urbanisation have profound implications for the health and equity of urban populations. This Series paper examines primary health care (PHC) in south Asian cities. Health and its social determinants vary considerably across south Asian cities and substantial socioeconomic inequities are present. Although cities offer easy geographical access to PHC services, financial hardship associated with health care use and low quality of care are a concern, particularly for low-income residents. Providing better PHC in south Asia requires a multi-sec

Demographics and Health Beliefs of Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Sexual Minority Men Receiving a Mpox Vaccination in the United States.

An outbreak of mpox virus (MPV) among humans in the United States (U.S.) was described in May 2022. This outbreak disproportionately affects Black and Hispanic sexual minority men (SMM) and these groups have lower rates of vaccination compared to Whites. Between July and August 2022, a partnership between a nonprofit and two local health departments successfully designed and implemented a community intervention to administer MPV vaccines to Black SMM in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area. We administered a quantitative survey to 178 respondents across four vaccinations clinics. We found tha

Debilitated Lifeworlds: Women's Narratives of Forced Sterilization as Delinking from Reproductive Rights.

Peasant women in Cajamarca, Peru, who were sterilized by the Peruvian government in the 1990s, narrate their experiences of reproductive abuse using Andean medical principles of debilidad and fuerza (debility and strength) (Tapias 2006). In their narratives, many describe a generalized sense of loss of strength resulting from the procedure. This contrasts with the reproductive rights framework's emphasis on infertility as the main harm. In this article, I ponder the dissonance between these two frameworks and propose the concept of debilitated lifeworlds as decolonial feminist delinking (Migno

Rapid Assessment on Potential Risks of Schistosomiasis Transmission - 7 PLADs, China, 2019 and 2021.

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?: Oncomelania hupensis(O. hupensis) and livestock are main infection sources of schistosomiasis. The schistosome infected O. hupensis and livestock's feces are important risk factors in the transmission of schistosomiasis. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT?: The potential risks of schistosomiasis transmission remain prevalent, giving an early warning to local government with information on existing transmission risks. It is expected that the effectiveness and efficiency of schistosomiasis surveillance could be improved by conducting rapid risk assessment at t…

How can a state control swallowing? The home use of abortion pills in Ireland.

Evidence suggests that there is widespread home use of abortion pills in Ireland and that ending a pregnancy in this way is potentially safer than the alternatives available to many women. This paper argues that there is a strong case for women with unwanted pregnancies to be offered truthful and objective information regarding the use of abortion pills by trusted local professionals and, further, that this is possible within existing law. A move in this direction would not, however, negate the need for legal reform to address the fundamental moral incoherence of a law that treats women who te

Encouraging resilience within SMEs: the Cabinet Office's proposed approach.

This paper introduces the Cabinet Office's Civil Contingencies Secretariat (CCS). It explains how the National Risk Assessment, produced within the CCS, is created and used. As part of the recent Strategic Defence and Security Review, the Government made a commitment to improve the business continuity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).This paper describes the CCS's approach to achieving this, and explains why the resilience of SMEs is important to both local communities, at a time of disruption or crisis, and the essential services sectors, such as energy, food and transport. It pro

[Three outbreaks of brucellosis in a one-year period investigated by the occupational health service in Ciudad Real (Spain)].

We describe 3 outbreaks of brucellosis investigated by our Occupational Health Service in a 1-year period. Two of these outbreaks, with 2 cases each, occurred in 2 cheese factories and the third outbreak, also with 2 cases, occurred in a cattle laboratory belonging to the local government. In both cheese factories, numerous opportunities for the workers to become infected were found. The greatest risk was considered to be the area for unloading milk, while failure to use personal protection equipment by workers, deficiencies in the laboratories, and the lack of effective separation between are…

Mainstreaming Sure Start speech and language therapy services.

Mainstreaming is the process of transferring policy, activity or good practice from a community-based initiative, such as Sure Start, into the core service. This paper will explain how one Sure Start programme developed a strategy for speech and language therapy (S&LT) that had an impact on the development of mainstream S&LT provision. The strategy explained here has shown the potential for team working and multi-agency delivery of new services. The new service was based on quality standard setting (as highlighted in government policy); positive multi-agency working based on sharing and skill

Survey of blindness in rural communities of south-western Nigeria.

A population based survey of rural communities in the Akinlalu-Ashipa ward of Ife North Local Government in Osun State, Nigeria, was conducted to determine the prevalence and causes of blindness. 2921 inhabitants were screened by a random cluster sample technique, out of whom 27 were blind in both eyes. The overall prevalence rate of blindness (best corrected visual acuity less than 3/60 in the better eye) was found to be 0.9% (95% confidence interval 0.84-0.96%). The rate of blindness increased with age, especially from age 60. The major causes of blindness were cataract and its sequelae (48.…

Human rabies in Côte d'Ivoire 2014-2016: Results following reinforcements to rabies surveillance.

In Côte d'Ivoire, rabies is endemic and remains largely uncontrolled. The numbers of human exposures and rabies cases are unknown and are probably much higher than reported. Data on human rabies cases are collected by the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) Anti-rabies Center in Abidjan through a network of 28 NIPH local units, which cover the population of the entire country. During 2014, the NIPH initiated a program to reinforce the human rabies surveillance system in those 28 NIPH local units, with specific goals of improving the infrastructure, training, communication, and governmen

Solvation structure and dynamics of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents with isomeric butanediol hydrogen bond donors.

Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are being investigated as redox flow battery electrolytes, where solvent viscosity plays a central role in governing ionic mobility, mass transport, and pumping efficiency. In this combined experimental and computational study, a series of DESs formed from choline chloride and butanediol isomer hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) is examined to probe how HBD molecular geometry affects liquid structure and dynamics while holding the molecular formula and hydroxyl group count constant. Density, viscosity, ionic conductivity, and ET(30) polarity are me