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Chronologic neuropathology of relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the mouse.

The neuropathology has been described of chronic, relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis produced in SJL/J mice given two injections of isogeneic spinal cord in complete Freund's adjuvant, 1 week apart. The inducing inoculum contained no Bordetella pertussis. The central nervous system changes included hemorrhagic lesions and significant nerve fiber depletion during the early stages of disease, demyelination followed by remyelination, influxes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and hemorrhage with each acute episode, extensive gliosis, and some Schwann cell invasion and myelination wit…

Sequential dual-drug delivery biomimetic hydrogel for temporal orchestration of acute neuroprotection and chronic regeneration in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a major public health challenge, leading to persistent neurological deficits and disabilities that impos … HT within the sequential dual-drug delivery biomimetic hydrogel facilitated axonal regeneration and remyelination, supporting functional recovery, as indicated by marked improvements in behavioural scores and electrophysiological assessments. Notably, the combination of edaravone and 5-HT optimised the regenerative microenvironment to promote specific axonal gr …

Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling reveals temporal dynamics of neuroinflammation and myelin repair after intracerebral haemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) progresses rapidly with complex pathology and limited treatment options, making it a severe subt … hase, oligodendrocytes exhibited transcriptional signatures consistent with enhanced maturation and remyelination, which T cell-mediated interactions may have facilitated. CONCLUSIONS: These findings offer a systems-level perspective on cell-type-specific responses and immune-mediated interactions during ICH progression and resolution. KEY POINTS: Establish i …

Myelination- and immune-mediated MR-based brain network correlates.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by inflammatory and neurodeg … a 35% reduction in the neocortex. An extended cuprizone diet increased myelin loss in the CC, while remyelination commenced in the neocortex. These histologically determined dynamics were reflected by MRI measurements from diffusion tensor imaging. Demyelination was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) values and increased modularity and cluster …

Huoluo Yinao decoction mitigates cognitive impairments after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Huoluo Yinao decoction (HLYND) has been used to ameliorate cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral … days 36-42. Via western blot and immunofluorescent staining, restoration of neuronal plasticity and remyelination of white matter were evaluated by analyzing the expression profiles of MAP-2, synaptophysin and MBP. In addition, macrophage/microglial activation was assessed by quantifying changes in Iba1, and macrophage/microglial polarization was assessed by ch …

Tau overexpression exacerbates neuropathology after repeated mild head impacts in male mice.

Repeated mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) can lead to development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which is characterized by pr … were treated with the histamine H3 receptor antagonist GSK239512 for 1-month post-injury to promote remyelination of white matter lesions. This restored myelin gene expression to sham levels but failed to repair the histopathologic lesions. Likewise, injured T-cell-deficient Rag2/Il2rg (R2G2) mice also showed evidence for inflammation and loss of myelin. Howeve …

The role of topically administered FK506 (tacrolimus) at the time of facial nerve repair using entubulation neurorrhaphy in a rabbit model.

Peripheral facial nerve palsy is a common sequela of traumatic craniofacial injury, often resulting in dramatic and sometimes permanent func … ic examination of group 5 rabbits revealed a similar cross-sectional area distal to transection and remyelination. Other groups showed decreased cross-sectional area and/or incomplete remyelination distal to the transection. FK506 applied topically at the time of facial nerve repair using entubulation neurorrhaphy demonstrated superior results in nerve regenera …

Multifocal motor neuropathy: long-term clinical and electrophysiological assessment of intravenous immunoglobulin maintenance treatment.

We performed a long-term follow-up study of 11 patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) who received maintenance treatment with intra … appeared in eight nerve segments during the follow-up period. Changes consistent with improvement (remyelination or reinnervation) occurred in 13 nerves during follow-up and changes consistent with worsening (demyelination or axon loss) occurred in 14 nerves. Electrophysiological changes consistent with improvement were significantly associated with the presen …

Микроглийные экзосомы модернизируют регенерацию миелина посредством активации траектории сигнала Nrf2 в клетках-прекурсорах олигодендроцитов в MS.

Демиелинизация является одной из характерных черт множественного склероза (MS), где способность поврежденных районов регенерировать миелин ограничена. В этих районах накапливаются клетки-прекурсоры олигодендроциты (ОПК), но при этом борются за зрелость в олигодендроциты (ОПГ). Микроглия также собирается на месте поражения, но их влияние на дифференциацию ОПС не вполне понятно. Здесь мы обнаружили, что miR-155-5p был значительно повышен в экспресс-профиле экзосом, извлекаемых из активированного микроглии. Эта miRNA связывается с 3' UTR коэффициента транскрипции Nrf2 в OPC, что препятствует их д

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Demyelination is a prominent feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), where the ability of damaged areas to regenerate myelin is limited. Oligode … d to improved motor function recovery, increased the number of mature oligodendrocytes and promoted remyelination. In this study, we highlight a potential new target for treating demyelinating diseases.

Reactive gliosis in Alzheimer's disease: a crucial role for cognitive impairment and memory loss.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and memory loss. Insulin resistance in central nerv … oglia to the specific site of the injury. Oligodendrocytes are also recruited to to contribute with remyelination. The last component of a reactive gliosis is astrogliosis, which is the enhancement of astrocytes expression with concomitant changes in its morphology being the main cells of the glial scar. Here, we review the mechanisms by which a reactive gliosi …

Genetic ablation of Gpnmb does not alter synuclein-related pathology.

The gene GPNMB is known to play roles in phagocytosis and tissue repair, and is upregulated in microglia in many mouse models of neurodegenerative disease as well as in human patients. Nearby genomic variants are associated with both elevated Parkinson's disease (PD) risk and higher expression of this gene, suggesting that inhibiting GPNMB activity might be protective in Parkinson's disease. We tested this hypothesis in three different mouse models of neurological diseases: a remyelination model and two models of alpha-synuclein pathology. We found that Gpnmb deletion had no effect on histolog…

Promoting Myelin Repair through In Vivo Neuroblast Reprogramming.

Demyelination is frequently observed in a variety of CNS insults and neurodegenerative diseases. In rodents, adult neural stem cells can gen … genous subventricular zone neuroblasts into mature functional oligodendrocytes, leading to enhanced remyelination in a cuprizone-induced mouse model of demyelination. These findings highlight the unexpected plasticity of committed neuroblasts and provide proof of concept that they could be targeted for the treatment of demyelinated lesions in the adult brain.

Brain lipid binding protein (FABP7) as modulator of astrocyte function.

Over a century ago, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of astrocytes was noted as a histopathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis and was hypothesized to play an important role in the development and course of this disease. However until today, the factual contribution of astrocytes to multiple sclerosis is elusive. Astrocytes may play an active role during degeneration and demyelination by controlling local inflammation in the CNS, provoking damage of oligodendrocytes and axons, and glial scarring but might also be beneficial by creating a permissive environment for remyelination and oligodendroc…

[Detect myelin structure in acoustic tumor].

OBJECTIVE: By detecting the myelin structure in acoustic tumor tissues, the cell origin and state of acoustic tumor tissues were investigated. METHOD: Immunofluorescence labeling, immunoblot analysis and electron microscopic study were performed to identify myelin structure and myelin protein in acoustic tumor tissues. RESULT: In this work, we found some early stage of myelin forming in acoustic tumor tissues, but there were no axon nor compact myelin formed and the myelin basic protein whose expression indicates the beginning of myelination was negative detected. We also found that the cell

Translating basic research into clinical practice or what else do we have to learn about olfactory ensheathing cells?

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are Schwann cell-like glial cells of the olfactory system that have been shown to promote axonal regeneration and remyelination in a variety of different lesion paradigms. It is still a matter of debate in how far OECs differ from Schwann cells regarding their regenerative potential and molecular setup. The fact that OECs have been already used for transplantation in humans may imply that the need of the hour is the fine-tuning of clinical application details rather than to cross the bridge between laboratory animal and man. Considering the therapeutic transp…

Is multicomponent T2 a good measure of myelin content in peripheral nerve?

Multicomponent T(2) relaxation of normal and injured rat sciatic nerve was measured. The T(2) relaxation was multiexponential, indicating the multicompartmental nature of T(2) decay in nerve tissue. The size of the short, observed T(2) component correlated very well with quantitative assessment of myelin using computer-assisted histopathological image analysis of myelin. Specifically, the size of the short T(2) component reflected the processes of myelin loss and remyelination accompanying Wallerian degeneration and regeneration following trauma. However, it represented all myelin present in t…

[Potassium channel dysfunction at the lesion site in multifocal motor neuropathy as revealed by threshold electrotonus].

Multifocal motor neuropathy presents as a treatable muscular atrophy and is characterized by persistent conduction block and fasciculations or myokymia. Although the pathological findings at the lesion site revealed perivascular demyelination with little evidence of remyelination, the mechanism of conduction block is still unknown. We explored the threshold electrotonus, which registers membrane potential changes through threshold variation, at the lesion site. The findings were consistent with focal potassium channel dysfunction, with some evidence of depolarization block. The disrupted blood…

Polyradiculoneuropathy accompanying procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus: evidence for drug-induced enhanced sensitization to peripheral nerve myelin.

Factors involved in the development of an insidious polyradiculoneuropathy in association with a procainamide-induced, lupuslike syndrome were explored. A 73-year-old man with this clinical syndrome had sural nerve changes consisting of loss of large myelinated fibers with evidence of remyelination and Schwann cell proliferation. The patient's lymphocytes showed marked incorporation of tritiated thymidine when cultured with either procainamide or extracts of human peripheral nerve myelin, and there was an enhanced response with the combination. We also found that procainamide-treated rats show…

Increased nuclear translation of YAP might act as a potential therapeutic target for NF1-related plexiform neurofibroma.

Plexiform neurofibroma (pNF) in the head and neck is a characteristic feature in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and is associa … l state of YAP implies that the YAP-Hippo pathway might play an important role in the formation and remyelination of pNF. Compared with selumetinib, the YAP inhibitor can exhibit a similar but more sensitive effect on NF1-/- Schwann cells. These observations imply that YAP as a novel or adjuvant therapy target in the treatment of pNF.

The TOTEM RRMS (Testosterone Treatment on neuroprotection and Myelin Repair in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis) trial: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) is responsible for serious deficiencies. Current therapies are focused on the treatment of inflammation; however, there is an urgent need for innovative therapies promoting neuroregeneration, particularly myelin repair. It is demonstrated that testosterone can act through neural androgen receptors and several clinical observations stimulated an interest in the potential protective effects of testosterone treatment for MS. Here, we sought to demonstrate the effects of a testosterone supplementation in testosterone-deficient me