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Derivation and elimination of uremic toxins from kidney-gut axis.

Uremic toxins are chemicals, organic or inorganic, that accumulate in the body fluids of individuals with acute or chronic kidney disease and impaired renal function. More than 130 uremic solutions are included in the most comprehensive reviews to date by the European Uremic Toxins Work Group, and novel investigations are ongoing to increase this number. Although approaches to remove uremic toxins have emerged, recalcitrant toxins that injure the human body remain a difficult problem. Herein, we review the derivation and elimination of uremic toxins, outline kidney-gut axis function and relati

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… Fecal butyrate levels vary widely among individuals but are usually increased by a diet high in resistant starch. J. Nutr. 141 (5), 883–889. 10.3945/jn.110.128504 Meijers B., Toussaint N. D., Meyer T., Bammens B., Verbeke K., Vanrenterghem Y., et al. (2011). …

Nanomedicine Meets Immunotherapy: Advancing Adoptive Cell Therapy with Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Cancer with Sustainability Perspectives.

Immunotherapy has achieved remarkable clinical success in certain cancers, particularly through adoptive cell therapy (ACT), where T cell engineering with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has driven major clinical breakthroughs in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, efficacy against solid tumors remains limited due to multiple barriers, including the scarcity of tumor-specific antigens, antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and physical obstruction of T cell infiltration by dense extracellular matrix. Nanoparticle (NP)-based approaches can overcome the

Nanomedicine for cancer patient-centered care.

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and an increase in incidence is estimated in the next future, due to population aging, which requires the development of highly tolerable and low-toxicity cancer treatment strategies. The use of nanotechnology to tailor treatments according to the genetic and immunophenotypic characteristics of a patient's tumor, and to allow its targeted release, can meet this need, improving the efficacy of treatment and minimizing side effects. Nanomedicine-based approach for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a rapidly evolving field. Se

Withania somnifera: Progress towards a Pharmaceutical Agent for Immunomodulation and Cancer Therapeutics.

Chemotherapy is one of the prime treatment options for cancer. However, the key issues with traditional chemotherapy are recurrence of cancer, development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, affordability, late-stage detection, serious health consequences, and inaccessibility. Hence, there is an urgent need to find innovative and cost-effective therapies that can target multiple gene products with minimal adverse reactions. Natural phytochemicals originating from plants constitute a significant proportion of the possible therapeutic agents. In this article, we reviewed the advances and t

Mechanisms Behind the Pharmacological Application of Biochanin-A: A review.

This review was aimed at summarizing the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the various pharmacological actions of biochanin-A. Many studies have been reported claiming its application in cancers, metabolic disorders, airway hyperresponsiveness, cardiac disorders, neurological disorders, etc. With regard to hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and other malignancies like pancreatic, colon, lung, osteosarcoma, glioma that has limited treatment options, biochanin-A revealed agreeable results in arresting cancer development. Biochanin-A has also shown therapeutic benefits when a

Иммунотерапия при помощи модуляции кишечного микробиота в множестве склерозов и ассоциации с диетологической и клинической реакцией - эффект диметилфуматовой терапии.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Накопление данных подтверждает ту роль, которую микробиота играет в здравоохранении и болезнях, в том числе в многократном склерозе (МС). Как наркотики MS влияют на микробиоту и является ли это частью их способа действия, пока неизвестно. ЦЕЛИ: Оценка воздействия диметилфумарата (ДМП) на кишечник микробиота и того, связана ли микробиота с клинической реакцией или неблагоприятными явлениями (АЭ) с ДМФ или с диетой. DESIGN: когортное исследование наблюдений, в котором микробиота 45 больные с повторной эмиссией MS до начала работы DMF и после этого 6 месяцев психотерапии ДМ

Nanoparticle-based strategy in CAR-T cell immunotherapy: challenges, implications, and perspectives.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable progress in treating hematologic malignancies, yet its broader application faces challenges such as manufacturing complexity, solid tumor microenvironment barriers, and immune toxicity. Nanoparticles (NPs), leveraging their precise delivery, immunomodulation, and multifunctional integration capabilities, offer innovative strategies to optimize CAR-T cell therapy. This review provides a comprehensive elucidation of the fundamental framework of CAR-T cell therapy and the challenges in oncological applications. Subsequently, w

Advances in the understanding and therapeutic manipulation of cancer immune responsiveness: a Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) review.

Cancer immunotherapy-including immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT)-has become a standard, potentially curative treatment for a subset of advanced solid and liquid tumors. However, most patients with cancer do not benefit from the rapidly evolving improvements in the understanding of principal mechanisms determining cancer immune responsiveness (CIR); including patient-specific genetically determined and acquired factors, as well as intrinsic cancer cell biology. Though CIR is multifactorial, fundamental concepts are emerging that should be considered for the desi

Short-chain fatty acids in the tumor microenvironment: from molecular mechanisms to cancer therapy.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, serve as pivotal metabolites within the tumor microenvironment (TME), playing essential roles in modulating tumor progression. Although the biological functions and mechanisms of SCFAs in the TME show some overlap, each SCFA also exerts some distinct regulatory effects on tumors and TME. Notably, even a single SCFA may exhibit pleiotropic effects across different cancer types or under varying conditions within the same malignancy. Consequently, according to the different metabolic microenvironment of patients, precis

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… SCFAs, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are primarily generated through gut microbial fermentation of dietary fibers (e.g., inulin, pectin, resistant starch). …

Critical considerations for targeting colorectal liver metastases with nanotechnology.

Colorectal cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Half of all patients develop liver metastases, presenting unique challenges for their treatment. The shortcomings of conventional chemotherapy has encouraged the use of nanomedicines; the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. In spite of technological improvements in nanotechnology, the complexity of biological systems hinders the prospect of nanomedicines being applied in cancer therapy at the present time. This review highlights current biological barriers and discusses aspe

Implementing Curcumin in Translational Oncology Research.

Most data published on curcumin and curcumin-based formulations are very promising. In cancer research, the majority of data has been obtained in vitro. Less frequently, researchers used experimental animals. The results of several clinical studies are conclusive, and these studies have established a good foundation for further research focusing on implementing curcumin in clinical oncology. However, the issues regarding timely data reporting and lack of disclosure of the exact curcumin formulations used in these studies should not be neglected. This article is a snapshot of the current status

The microbiota-gut-brain-axis theory: role of gut microbiota modulators (GMMs) in gastrointestinal, neurological, and mental health disorders.

The modulation of gut microbiota presents promising therapeutic possibilities for various health conditions, ranging from gastrointestinal infections to neurodegenerative and mental health disorders. Among the available interventions, gut microbiota modulators (GMMs) such as probiotics and prebiotics have demonstrated significant potential in infection prevention and neuroprotection. Despite these encouraging findings, the clinical application of GMMs remains challenging due to safety concerns and inconsistent effectiveness across diverse patient populations. These factors create substantial b

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… Table 6 Molecular pathways targeted by GMMs Modulator class | Example compounds | Primary microbial targets | Host molecular pathways | microRNA regulation | Clinical applications | Mechanism of action Prebiotics | Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), resistant starch, inulin …

ESICM LIVES 2016: part three : Milan, Italy. 1–5 October 2016

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Antibody-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy: Mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.

In recent years, antibody-based cancer therapy has emerged as one of the efficient therapeutic strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), angiogenesis inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), multi-specific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, among others. To date, various drug delivery platforms have been developed to improve the bioavailability, delivery convenience, and reduced toxicity towards increased therapeutic efficacy of antibodies. Herein, we emphasize the clinical manifestations of various antibody-based tumor therapies, highlighting their m

Current State of Human Gene Therapy: Approved Products and Vectors.

In the realm of gene therapy, a pivotal moment arrived with Paul Berg's groundbreaking identification of the first recombinant DNA in 1972. This achievement set the stage for future breakthroughs. Conditions once considered undefeatable, like melanoma, pancreatic cancer, and a host of other ailments, are now being addressed at their root cause-the genetic level. Presently, the gene therapy landscape stands adorned with 22 approved in vivo and ex vivo products, including IMLYGIC, LUXTURNA, Zolgensma, Spinraza, Patisiran, and many more. In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into a rich ass

How to Treat Melanoma? The Current Status of Innovative Nanotechnological Strategies and the Role of Minimally Invasive Approaches like PTT and PDT.

Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, the incidence and mortality of which are increasing worldwide. Its extensive degree of heterogeneity has limited its response to existing therapies. For many years the therapeutic strategies were limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Fortunately, advances in knowledge have allowed the development of new therapeutic strategies. Despite the undoubted progress, alternative therapies are still under research. In this context, nanotechnology is also positioned as a strong and promising tool to develop nanosystems that act as drug ca

Ten Years of Research on Fucoidan and Cancer: Focus on Its Antiangiogenic and Antimetastatic Effects.

Angiogenesis and metastasis represent two challenging targets to combat cancer development in the later stages of its progression. Numerous studies have indicated the important role of natural products in blocking tumor angiogenesis signaling pathways in several advanced tumors. In recent years, the marine polysaccharides fucoidans emerged as promising anticancer compounds showing potent antitumor activity in both in vitro and in vivo models of different types of cancers. The objective of this review is to focus on the antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities of fucoidans with special emph

Curcumin as a complementary treatment in oncological therapy: a systematic review.

PurposeCurcumin, the active ingredient in turmeric, is employed by numerous cancer patients to support conventional cancer therapy. This systematic review aims to summarize the existing clinical evidence and to provide an overview of the potential benefits and risks associated with curcumin supplementation.MethodsIn January 2024, we conducted a systematic search of five electronic databases (Embase, Cochrane, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Medline) using a complex search strategy. We included randomized controlled trials on the use, effectiveness, and potential harm of additional curcumin therapy in ad

A review on gold nanoparticles as an innovative therapeutic cue in bone tissue engineering: Prospects and future clinical applications.

Bone damage is a complex orthopedic problem primarily caused by trauma, cancer, or bacterial infection of bone tissue. Clinical care management for bone damage remains a significant clinical challenge and there is a growing need for more advanced bone therapy options. Nanotechnology has been widely explored in the field of orthopedic therapy for the treatment of a severe bone disease. Among nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) along with other biomaterials are emerging as a new paradigm for treatment with excellent potential for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine application

From laboratory to clinic: opportunities and challenges of functional food active ingredients in cancer therapy.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of functional food active ingredients in cancer prevention and therapy. It outlines the multifaceted anticancer mechanisms of bioactive compounds-such as polyphenols, carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, phytosterols, alkaloids, isothiocyanates, polysaccharides, phenolic acids, flavonols, and amide-bearing compounds-which include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, interference with cell cycle regulation and signaling pathways, and regulation of