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Occurrence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus in Berlin (West).

The main vector of Central European tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), the hard tick Ixodes ricinus, is very common in forests of Berlin (West) all of which are frequently visited nearby recreation areas. While the presence of the causative agent, a flavivirus, has been demonstrated in all districts of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) there has been no corresponding investigation concerning Berlin (West). In the present study, 4593 unengorged I. ricinus nymphs and adults were collected by the flag-dragging method in forest areas of Berlin (West) in 1978, 1979, and 1986 and virologically examin…

Occurrence of ixodid ticks--the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis virus in urbanized territory.

The influence of urbanization on ticks I. ricinus and I. persulcatus--the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis virus is discussed on the basis of concrete examples. It has been revealed that under favourable conditions the populations of these tick species can exist for a long time not only in towns and new housing estates, but in the old residential districts as well. The necessity of studying the ecology of urban populations of ixodid ticks is pointed out.

Genome sequences of four Ixodes species expands understanding of tick evolution.

BACKGROUND: Ticks, hematophagous Acari, pose a significant threat by transmitting various pathogens to their vertebrate hosts during feeding. Despite advances in tick genomics, high-quality genomes were lacking until recently, particularly in the genus Ixodes, which includes the main vectors of Lyme disease. RESULTS: Here, we present the genome sequences of four tick species, derived from a single female individual, with a particular focus on the European species Ixodes ricinus, achieving a chromosome-level assembly. Additionally, draft assemblies were generated for the three other Ixodes spe…

Predictive temperature-dependency of tick questing activity in France and relevance to Lyme disease risk in Connecticut.

Ticks are important arthropod vectors of many human and veterinary diseases in temperate regions. Ticks are highly sensitive to desiccation and questing behaviour in search for animal hosts is driven by ambient temperature. This study assessed the association of meteorological factors with the monthly abundance of nymph Ixodes ricinus in three differing botanically classified homogenous study sites over a two-year period in France and then compared predicted abundance with that observed in the third year. We then applied the same approach to Lyme Disease (LD) cases that are notifiable in Conne…

One particular Anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotype infects cattle in the Camargue, France.

BACKGROUND: Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a zoonotic tick-borne pathogen responsible for granulocytic anaplasmosis, a mild to a severe febrile disease that affects man and several animal species, including cows and horses. In Europe, I. ricinus is the only proven vector for this pathogen, but studies suggest that other tick genera and species could be involved in its transmission. Our objective was to assess the presence and genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum in domestic animals and different tick species from the Camargue region, located in the south of France. METHODS: A total of 140 ti…

Bartonella henselae in eastern Poland: the relationship between tick infection rates and the serological response of individuals occupationally exposed to tick bites.

To explore the potential role of Ixodes ricinus as the presumed vector of Bartonella henselae in eastern Poland, ticks collected in various geographic locations were examined for the presence of B. henselae, and the results were matched against the prevalence of anti-B. henselae antibodies in individuals occupationally exposed to tick bites. The presence of Bartonella DNA was investigated by PCR in a total of 1,603 unfed Ixodes ricinus ticks. The presence of IgG antibodies against B. henselae was investigated in serum samples from 332 people occupationally exposed to tick bites (94 farmers and…

Detection of specific IgG antibodies in blood donors and tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks within a non-endemic area in southeast Norway.

BACKGROUND: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an emerging tick-borne disease in Europe. In Norway, the first TBE case occurred in 1997, and s … uestionnaire regarding tick bites, outdoor activities, and Flavivirus vaccines and diseases. Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from the immediate vicinity and were examined in pools of 10 for TBE virus. RESULTS: Eight human samples were TBE virus IgG-positive by ELISA and 5 of these samples were confirmed positive by neutralization test. Excluding the …

Введённые сибирские бурундунки (Tamias sibiricus parberi) больше влияют на риск лимного борелиоза, чем местные грызуны водохранилищ.

Изменение состава видов принимающих общин может изменить риск передачи заболеваний. В частности, появление новых видов может усилить угрозу здоровью за счет добавления нового резервуара и/или увеличения циркуляции либо экзотических, либо местных патогенов. Lime borreliosis — болезнь, переносимая различными привидениями, вызванная бактериями, принадлежащими к комплексу Borrelia burborferi sensu lato. Она передается от укуса жестких клещей, особенно иксодов рицинуса в Европе. Предыдущие исследования показали, что сибирский бурундук Тамиас Сибирикус Барбери, введённая белка в лесу Сенарт (близ Па

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The variation of the composition in species of host communities can modify the risk of disease transmission. In particular, the introduction … elia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. It is transmitted by the bite of hard ticks, especially Ixodes ricinus in Europe. Previous studies showed that the Siberian chipmunk, Tamias sibiricus barberi, an introduced ground squirrel in the Forest of Sénart (near Paris, France) was highly infested by I. ricinus, and consequently infected by B. burgdorferi sl. An …

Microclimate and the zoonotic cycle of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Switzerland.

The focal distribution of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) appears to depend mainly on cofeeding transmission between infected Ixodes ricinus L. nymphs and uninfected larvae. To better understand the role of cofeeding ticks in the transmission of TBEV, we investigated tick infestation of rodents and the influence of microclimate on the seasonality of questing I. ricinus ticks. A 3-yr study was carried out at four sites, including two confirmed TBEV foci. Free-living ticks and rodents were collected monthly, and microclimatic data were recorded. A decrease in quest…

[Monitoring the prevalence of pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks in two Brno locations].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is to present the results of monitoring the prevalence of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) in Ixodes ricinus ticks in two different locations in the city of Brno, Pisárky and Zamilovaný hájek (ZH). At the same time, factors potentially affecting the activity of ticks in these locations were studied. Results of the monitoring carried out in the first three spring months of the year 2011 are compared with 2010 results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2010-2011, Ixodes ricinus ticks were periodically sampled in two locations in Brno by flagging. Ti…

[Epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis and neuroborreliosis in France].

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a systemic disease called neuroborreliosis (NB) when neurological symptoms are pre-eminent. LB is a zoonosis caused … brovascular involvement, and rarely chronic encephalomyelitis are also described. The vector Ixodes ricinus (I. ricinus) is found throughout metropolitan France excepting border areas of the Mediterranean seaside and in regions with an altitude above 1500 meters. In France, the Borrelia infestation rate of Ixodes is 7% with wide disparity between administ …

The importance of wildlife in the ecology and epidemiology of the TBE virus in Sweden: incidence of human TBE correlates with abundance of deer and hares.

BACKGROUND: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one tick-transmitted disease where the human incidence has increased in some European regions during the last two decades. We aim to find the most important factors causing the increasing incidence of human TBE in Sweden. Based on a review of published data we presume that certain temperature-related variables and the population densities of transmission hosts, i.e. small mammals, and of primary tick maintenance hosts, i.e. cervids and lagomorphs, of the TBE virus vector Ixodes ricinus, are among the potentially most important factors affecting the …

Dangerous plants in dermatology: Legal and controlled.

The plant and mushroom kingdoms have species used for intoxication, inebriation, or recreation. Some of these species are toxic. Given that many of these plants or substances are illegal and have histories of abuse, much of the research regarding therapeutic application is based on basic science, animal studies, and traditional use. This review examines Cannabis, Euphorbia, Ricinus, Podophyllum, Veratrum, mushrooms, and nightshades, along with resveratrol and cocaine as they relate to dermatology.

Sixty years of research of tick-borne encephalitis--a basis of the current knowledge of the epidemiological situation in Central Europe.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus was isolated for the first time in Central Europe in 1948 from both a patient and Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in the area where the patient had been tick bitten (the Beroun area - Central Bohemia) and concomitantly from a TBE patient in Moravia (the Vyskov area). Another priority discovery was alimentary transmission of TBE virus via the milk from tick infected grazing goats that was made during a TBE outbreak in Roznava (SE Slovakia). This outbreak of 660 cases has been the largest of its kind. Both of these discoveries were a challenge to multidisciplin…

Ricin: mechanism of toxicity, clinical manifestations, and vaccine development. A review.

Ricin is one of the most potent plant toxins known, and the castor plant from which it is derived, Ricinus communis, is ubiquitous. The harvesting of castor beans exceeds one million tons annually, and ricin is easier to produce than either anthrax or botulinum. As a result, ricin is a convenient, potent, and available toxin for terrorist acts. This paper will review the mechanism of toxicity, major clinical manifestations, treatment, current methods of detection, and vaccine development.

Babesia divergens: cloning of a Ran binding protein 1 homologue.

Babesia divergens is an Apicomplexa transmitted to bovines by its acarian vector, the tick I. ricinus. Babesia divergens merozoites have an intraerythrocytic development in the blood of infected mammals. The nucleocytoplasmic transport system in this parasite is not yet characterized and no protein involvement in such transport has been described. In this report, we describe the cloning of a protein that shares important homologies with Ran binding protein 1. This protein in Eukaryote belongs to the nucleocytoplasmic transport system.

Efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas, ticks, mites and lice on dogs.

BACKGROUND: The studies reported here were conducted to ascertain the efficacy of imidacloprid/flumethrin incorporated in a slow-release matrix collar, against infestations of dogs by fleas, ticks, mites and lice. Efficacy was evaluated against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis, the ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor reticulatus and Dermacentor variabilis, the mite Sarcoptes scabiei and the biting louse Trichodectes canis. METHODS: Groups of collar-treated dogs (n = 7-10) were infested with fleas and/or ticks at monthly intervals at least, over a…

Ectoparasites of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Germany and their health impact.

BACKGROUND: The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is known for high levels of ectoparasitism that not only represents a health risk fo … edgehogs were infested with ticks, 91.4% (455/498) with fleas and 17.7% (88/498) with mites. Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes hexagonus/Ixodes canisuga were the most common tick species detected, with the additional occurrence of one Ixodes frontalis. Significant seasonal changes were observed for I. ricinus, but not for I. hexagonus/I. canisuga. Additionally, I …

Contributions of birds to the feeding of ticks at host community level: Effects of tick burden, host density and yearly fluctuations.

The eco-epidemiology of tick-borne diseases hinges on the abundance and distribution of hosts that sustain tick populations and the pathogens they carry. Research into the role of bird species in the feeding of Ixodes ricinus ticks, the primary tick species of veterinary and public health importance in Europe, remains scarce. This study endeavors to bridge these knowledge gaps by (i) assessing the density of feeding ticks (DFT) within a bird community to pinpoint species making substantial contributions, and (ii) exploring interannual variations in DFT over an extended timeline. Furthermore, w…

Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the Russian Caucasus: Virus Was Detected for the First Time on the Border of Europe and Asia Minor.

The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus has been confirmed by molecular analysis in the Caucasus region for the first time. The virus obtained from a tick Ixodes ricinus ex Caspian green lizard belongs to the Zausaev strain of the Siberian subtype (not to a strain of the European subtype highly distributed in the territories adjacent to the Caucasus). This unusual record indicates the need to study the role of lizards in the circulation of natural focal infections.