Результаты поиска

Этнические вирусы связаны со средним ростом индейского энтерита.

С августа 2014 года в ветеринарную лабораторию Университета Миннесоты поступают случаи энтерита индейки, которые клинически отличаются от ранее описанных случаев синдрома энтерита пульта и синдрома легкой индейки. Птицы развивают темно-зеленый и чрезвычайно вонючий диарейный понос начиная с 8-10 лет в год, что может длиться до 15-16 лет в год. Затрагиваемые стада индейок характеризуются низкой однородностью, а трансформация кормов и рыночный вес уменьшаются. Множественные фермы страдают чаще, чем фермы с одним возрастом. Заболеваемость варьируется от стада до стада, а в некоторых случаях дости

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Since August 2014, the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory has received cases of turkey enteritis that are clinically d … sequencing (Illumina Miseq) on a pool of feces from affected birds identified genetic sequences of viruses belonging to Astroviridae, Reoviridae, Picornaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Adenoviridae. On testing pools of fecal samples from apparently healthy (16 pools) and affected birds (30 pools), there was a higher viral load in the feces of affected bir …

Lassa and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Mali.

We report detection of Lassa virus and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infections in the area of Bamako, the capital of Mali. Our investigation found 2 cases of infection with each of these viruses. These results show the potential for both of these viruses to be endemic to Mali.

Novel broad spectrum virucidal molecules against enveloped viruses.

Viral infections are an important cause of death worldwide. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of antiviral drugs or vaccines for a large number of viruses, and this represents a remarkable challenge particularly for emerging and re-emerging viruses. For this reason, the identification of broad spectrum antiviral compounds provides a valuable opportunity for developing efficient antiviral therapies. Here we report on a class of rhodanine and thiobarbituric derivatives displaying a broad spectrum antiviral activity against seven different enveloped viruses including an HSV-2 acyclovir resista…

Hepatitis viruses in Kathmandu, Nepal: hospital-based study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to see the aetiology and outcome of sporadic acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in Kathmandu, Nepal. RESULTS: Among 210 patients, 94 (45%) were male and 116 (55%) were female. Mean age was 30 years. 52 (24.7%) out of 210 were positive for either of the hepatitis virus infection. Major causative agent for AVH among hepatitis positive patients were hepatitis E virus (HEV) in 36 (69.2%), followed by hepatitis A virus (HAV) 8 (15.3%), hepatitis B virus (HBV) 7 (13.4%) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) 1 (1.9%). The 158 (75.3%) patient were negative for all hepatitis

Oncogenic DNA viruses found in salivary gland tumors.

BACKGROUND: Previous investigations studying the association of DNA viruses with salivary gland tumors (SGTs) have led to conflicting results. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different DNA viruses by using a highly sensitive assay in a multi-center series of over 100 fresh frozen salivary gland samples. METHODS: DNA was isolated from 84 SGTs (80 parotid tumors and 4 submandibular gland tumors) and 28 normal salivary tissue samples from 85 patients in Northeast Italy. Using a highly sensitive type-specific multiplex genotyping assay, we analyzed the samples for the pre…

Preface - Emerging Viruses: From Early Detection to Intervention.

In the last decades, several viruses emerged, as the consequence of cross-species passage from animal reservoirs to human being. Emerging infections always represent a significant challenge for public health system as knowledge about specific pathogens are generally little while and no/few effective interventions are available. In this volume we explored special aspects of emerging infectious diseases including: the application of the theory of focality of diseases to infective syndrome; the human-animal inter-face focusing on influenza; the role of bats as main reservoir of emerging and novel…

Inhibitory Antibodies Targeting Emerging Viruses: Advancements and Mechanisms.

From Ebola virus outbreaks in Western Africa to the introduction of chikungunya and Zika viruses in the Americas, new and neglected viruses continue to emerge and spread around the world. Due to a lack of existing vaccines or specific therapeutics, little other than supportive care and attempts to interrupt transmission can be provided during initial outbreaks. This has prompted a shift in vaccine design and development to identify novel epitopes and mechanisms of protection that may offer a broader range of protection against groups or whole families of viruses. Receptor-binding domains and o…

Nucleic acid-based drugs against emerging zoonotic viruses.

Global outbreaks of diseases caused by zoonotic viruses have steadily increased in recent years. Emerging zoonotic viruses are generally phylogenetically diverse, are unpredictable and are known to cause diseases with high case fatality rates in humans and are hard to protect against due to lack of approved antiviral drugs. The aim of this review is to discuss how advances in genomics, rational drug design and innate immune signaling can contribute to the design of nucleic acid-based drugs to combat these emerging threats. Specifically, the antiviral activity of siRNAs, antisense oligonucleoti…

Respiratory viruses within homeless shelters in Marseille, France.

BACKGROUND: Homeless shelters are identified as places where humans are at high risk of acquiring respiratory disease. We previously reported the prevalence of the main respiratory diseases affecting a population of homeless in Marseille, France. Here, we investigated the prevalence of 10 respiratory viruses in a similar homeless population during 2 successive winter seasons. FINDINGS: Following a clinical examination, we collected nasal specimens from which the RT-PCR detection of 10 respiratory viruses was performed through snapshot investigations. Among the 265 patients included, 150 (56.6…

Engineering adeno-associated viruses for clinical gene therapy.

Clinical gene therapy has been increasingly successful owing both to an enhanced molecular understanding of human disease and to progressively improving gene delivery technologies. Among these technologies, delivery vectors based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have emerged as safe and effective and, in one recent case, have led to regulatory approval. Although shortcomings in viral vector properties will render extension of such successes to many other human diseases challenging, new approaches to engineer and improve AAV vectors and their genetic cargo are increasingly helping to overcome…

Requirements of New Vaccines against Novel Influenza Viruses.

The currently available influenza vaccines were developed in the 1930s through the 1960s using technologies that were state-of-the art for the times. Decades of advancement in virology and immunology have provided the tools for making better vaccines against influenza virus. Among young children, live attenuated vaccine had significantly better efficacy than inactivated vaccine. An evaluation of the risks and benefits indicates that live attenuated vaccine should be a highly effective, safe vaccine for children 12 to 59 months of age who do not have a history of asthma or wheezing. Otherwise,

Single amino acid repeats connect viruses to neurodegeneration.

We report on a high level of octapeptide matching between HCV, HIV-2, MPV, MUV, EBV, HHV-6, and CMV, and human brain antigens that, when altered, have been specifically associated with neuropathologies such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinocerebellar ataxia, frontotemporal degeneration, Huntington disease, Parkinson disease, cognitive impairment, aphasia and oculomotor apraxia. Quantitatively, the extent of the viral octapeptide sharing with neurodegeneration- associated proteins is in excess when analyzed in a stochastic expectation context. Qualitatively, two main features characterize

Vectors expressing chimeric Japanese encephalitis dengue 2 viruses.

Vectors based on self-replicating RNAs (replicons) of flaviviruses are becoming powerful tool for expression of heterologous genes in mammalian cells and development of novel antiviral and anticancer vaccines. We constructed two vectors expressing chimeric viruses consisting of attenuated SA14-14-2 strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in which the PrM/M-E genes were replaced fully or partially with those of dengue 2 virus (DENV-2). These vectors, named pJED2 and pJED2-1770 were transfected to BHK-21 cells and produced chimeric viruses JED2V and JED2-1770V, respectively. The chimeric vir…

Oncolytic herpes viruses, chemotherapeutics, and other cancer drugs.

Oncolytic viruses are emerging as a potential new way of treating cancers. They are selectively replication-competent viruses that propagate only in actively dividing tumor cells but not in normal cells and, as a result, destroy the tumor cells by consequence of lytic infection. At least six different oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) have undergone clinical trials worldwide to date, and they have demonstrated an excellent safety profile and intimations of efficacy. The first pivotal Phase III trial with an oHSV, talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec [OncoVex(GM-CSF)]), is almost complete, wi…

Innovative applications for insect viruses: towards insecticide sensitization.

The effective management of emerging insect-borne disease is dependent on the use of safe and efficacious chemical insecticides. Given the i … e sensitivity of insecticides. An efficient method might be to infect host insects with recombinant viruses overexpressing specific protein phosphatases/kinases known to regulate specific insecticide-sensitive targets. This attractive strategy could lead to sensitization of the insects, thus reducing the doses of insecticides and increasing the efficacy o …

[Bird populations--hatching grounds of pandemic influenza viruses?].

Aquatic wild birds constitute the natural reservoir of influenza A viruses. Under appropriate selection pressure these viruses display a remarkable genetic flexibility which is based on their high mutation rate. At least 16 subtypes of the viral hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) und 9 of the viral neuraminidase (NA) are distinguishable as a result of natural evolution. Due to the segmentation of the viral genome, genetic reassortments and, thus, a theoretically unrestricted combination of HA and NA subtypes is possible. Transspecies-specific transmissions of viruses from the natural reservoirs t…

Could other viruses cause pediatric posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder?

INTRODUCTION: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) constitutes a heterogeneous group of diseases. We summarize the experience of our hospital, one of Spain's largest series of renal (294), liver (47) and allogeneic stem cell transplants (67), where four cases of PTLD have developed related to complex viral infections. METHODS: Case 1 was a 24-month-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who underwent allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT). He was seropositive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and developed an aggressive Bcell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) related to

Marginal zone macrophages and immune responses against viruses.

The effective establishment of antiviral protection requires a coordinated interplay between the innate and adaptive immune system. Using osteopetrotic (op(-/-)) mice, this study investigated the influence of marginal zone macrophages in controlling and initiating a protective immune response against a cytopathic vs a non- or low-cytopathic virus. Despite the generation of potent adaptive immune responses, antiviral protection against cytopathic vesicular stomatitis virus critically depended on the presence of marginal zone macrophages. Infection with low doses (100 PFU) of non- or low-cytopat