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Магнитизация передачи изображений с использованием несбалансированного SSPF на сверхнизком поле.

ЦЕЛЬ: Углубленные полевые сканеры МРТ способны повысить качество медицинского обслуживания как за счет улучшения доступа в тех районах, где мало сканеров МРТ, так и за счет обеспечения более частого мониторинга динамики заболеваний и реагирования на них. Это, возможно, особенно относится к расстройствам, связанным с белым веществом, включая лейкодистрофии и множественный склероз, при которых частые снимки, чувствительные к миелину, такие, как снимки передачи магнитизации (MT), могут улучшить клиническую помощь и результаты лечения пациентов. Методика: Мы применяли подход, основанный на чувстви

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… To assess inter‐site reproducibility, one set of MT and T 2 ‐weighted images was also acquired in 2 of the subjects in Gaborone, Botswana (Site 2, Hyperfine Swoop® hardware version 1.8, software version rc8.8 beta 1). … Histograms of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in white matter in 2 subjects from two different sites (Site 1 = Vancouver, Canada; Site 2 = Gaborone, Botswana), along with white matter means and standard deviations from each site. The histograms indicate good inter‐site agreement of MTR values. …

Safety and pharmacokinetics of oral and long-acting injectable cabotegravir or long-acting injectable rilpivirine in virologically suppressed adolescents with HIV (IMPAACT 2017/MOCHA): a phase 1/2, multicentre, open-label, non-comparative, dose-finding study.

BACKGROUND: Combined intramuscular long-acting cabotegravir and long-acting rilpivirine constitute the first long-acting combination antiret … 35 kg; BMI ≤31·5 kg/m2) with HIV-1 on daily oral ART were enrolled at 15 centres in four countries (Botswana, South Africa, Thailand, and the USA). After 4-6 weeks of oral cabotegravir (cohort 1C) or rilpivirine (cohort 1R), participants received intramuscular long-acting cabotegravir or long-acting rilpivirine every 4 weeks or 8 weeks per the adult dosing …

The global HIV response at 40.

It is helpful to divide the global HIV response into three phases: The first, from about 1980 to 2000, represents "Calamity". The second, fr … Consider how many recipients of major HIV development finance fall into the bottom fifth: Namibia, Botswana, Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Lesotho, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Cote D'Ivoire and Nigeria. Of course, causality is unresolved and there are several possible explanations: (1) low human capital formation …

Drugs for STD management in developing countries: choice, procurement, cost, and financing.

OBJECTIVES: (i) To compare acquisition costs of drugs between countries to treat one standardised STD episode. (ii) To explain variations, t … ctive STD drugs are now available through public services, in at least in a part of the country. In Botswana, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Lesotho, Namibia, Senegal, Seychelles, and Swaziland these drugs are supplied throughout the country within the existing essential drug programme and financed by the government budget or through a revolving fund for …

Demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions: are they relevant to population health patterns in Africa?

BackgroundStudies of trends in population changes and epidemiological profiles in the developing world have overwhelmingly relied upon the concepts of demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions, even though their usefulness in describing and understanding population and health trends in developing countries has been repeatedly called into question. The issue is particularly relevant for the study of population health patterns in Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, as the history and experience there differs substantially from that of Western Europe and North America, for which these conce

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… All African countries but Botswana and Mauritius were overwhelmed by unsustainable debts, facing negative trends in many primary commodity markets. … Botswana (26% and 24.8% in 2000 and 2009, respectively) and Lesotho (24.5 and 23.6% in 2000 and 2009, respectively) are the two countries with the speediest increase in HIV prevalence, having grown from 0.8% in Lesotho and 3.5% in Botswana in 1990. …

Efficacy and safety of three antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy up to 50 weeks post partum: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: Drugs taken during pregnancy can affect maternal and child health outcomes, but few studies have compared the safety and virolog … n at 14-28 weeks of gestation. Women were enrolled at 22 clinical research sites in nine countries (Botswana, Brazil, India, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, the USA, and Zimbabwe). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to one of three oral regimens: dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide; dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and ten …

African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer: position and vision for cancer research on the African Continent.

The African Organization for Research and training in Cancer (AORTIC) bases the following position statements on a critical appraisal of the state on cancer research and cancer care in Africa including information on the availability of data on cancer burden, screening and prevention for cancer in Africa, cancer care personnel, treatment modalities, and access to cancer care.

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… However, liver cancer is the leading cancer in large sections of West Africa, Kaposi Sarcoma is the leading cancer in Southeast Africa, and esophageal cancer is the leading cancer in Botswana. …

Personalised risk-prediction tools for cryptococcal meningitis mortality to guide treatment stratification in sub-Saharan Africa: a prognostic modelling study based on pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Cryptococcal meningitis is a major driver of global HIV-related mortality, and validated approaches to stratify mortality risk c … rom nine hospitals across Cameroon, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia in ACTA and eight hospitals across Botswana, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe in AMBITION-cm. We developed two primary multivariable logistic-regression models for the primary outcome of 2-week mortality: a basic model for use in a resource-limited setting that contained only candid …

Network analysis of cross-income-level collaboration on multiple myeloma in sub-Saharan Africa.

Cross-income-level collaboration (CILC) is crucial for developing global health approaches that benefit low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Multiple myeloma (MM) is a representative example of a complex, understudied disease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on publications, we developed a network analysis tool to assess scientific collaborations. Here, we present findings from a systematic analysis of publications retrieved from PubMed between January 2002 and June 2022. We evaluated individual institutional contributions and collaboration patterns using undirected weighted networks. O

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… However, there is noticeable polarisation within SSA: South Africa and Nigeria are leaders in research and CILC, while countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Ghana and Botswana have limited collaborations with selected HICs. Fig. 2 Country level CILC graph. … A great paradigm is the Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate consortium, which presently includes multiple centres representing populations in Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria, Sudan, Uganda, Botswana and South Africa, aims to improve the prevention, screening and treatment of cancer in affected …

Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection.

BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies are common among adults living with HIV disease, particularly in low-income settings where the diet m … the time to reach a CD4+ cell count < 250 cells/mm³ after two years of high dose supplementation in Botswana (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.88; 1 trial, 439 participants). However, the trial authors reported this effect only in the trial arm that received multiple micronutrients plus selenium (not either supplementation alone), which is inconsistent with the f …

Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy (IMPAACT 2010/VESTED): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy is important for both maternal health and prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmissi … bel, randomised controlled, phase 3 trial was done at 22 clinical research sites in nine countries (Botswana, Brazil, India, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, the USA, and Zimbabwe). Pregnant women (aged ≥18 years) with confirmed HIV-1 infection and at 14-28 weeks' gestation were eligible. Women who had previously taken antiretrovirals in the past …

Mapping Cancer in Africa: A Comprehensive and Comparable Characterization of 34 Cancer Types Using Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020.

ObjectiveCancer incidence and mortality rates in Africa are increasing, yet their geographic distribution and determinants are incompletely characterized. The present study aims to establish the spatial epidemiology of cancer burden in Africa and delineate the association between cancer burden and the country-level socioeconomic status. The study also examines the forecasts of the cancer burden for 2040 and evaluates infrastructure availability across all African countries.MethodsThe estimates of age, sex, and country-specific incidence and mortality of 34 neoplasms in 54 African countries, we

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… Population | Incidence [95% UI] | ASIR | ASMR | Mortality [95% UI] | MIR Algeria | 58,418 [56,916–59,960] | 135.3 | 76.1 | 32,802 [31,875–33,756] | 0.56 Angola | 20,327 [18,854–21,915] | 130.6 | 86.5 | 12,599 [11,627–13,652] | 0.62 Benin | 6,747 [5,981–7,610] | 95.8 | 69.3 | 4,662 [4,065–5,347] | 0.69 Botswana …

Mobilising stakeholders to improve access to state-of-the-art radiotherapy in low- and middle-income countries.

In an ongoing effort to improve access to state-of-the-art radiotherapy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a joint symposium was organised by the non-governmental, non-profit organisation Medical physicists in diaspora for Africa e.V. (MephidA e.V.) in collaboration with the Germany-based Cameroon-German medical doctor's association (Camfomedics e.V.) and the Harvard-based Global Health Catalyst summit. The goal of the symposium was to discuss the technical and structural challenges faced in African LMIC settings, re-evaluate strategies to overcome the shortfall of radiotherapy servi

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… Addressing the growing cancer burden in the wake of the AIDS epidemic in botswana: the BOTSOGO collaborative partnership. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014;89(3):468–475. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.03.033. 26. Rosenblatt E, Prasad R, Hopkins K, et al. …

Implementing patient-centred outcome measures in palliative care clinical practice. An updated systematic review of facilitators and barriers.

BackgroundPatient-centred outcome measures (PCOMs), when well implemented, are powerful tools facilitating patient, family and clinical communication to better respond to patient needs. Their routine use in palliative care practice still faces challenges.ObjectiveTo update a systematic review of PCOMs implementation, reviewing and synthesising new evidence on facilitators, barriers, lessons learned, measures used, models of implementation, costs, implementation outcomes, and consequences in clinical practice.MethodsWe searched eight information sources supplemented by hand-searching and citati

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… Systematic Review PC and hospice care NA NA NA 725 papers NA MLL-L Suri et al. 2022 2019 Canada Implementation Research; Cross-Sectional Study 1 busy, academic, urban Canadian urban HIV clinic Patients NA F: 149 (25.1); M: 445 (74.9) 600 People living with HIV (PLWH) HHM-H Swart et al. 2022 2017–2018 Botswana … | NA | NA | NA | 725 papers | NA | MLL-L Suri et al. 2022 | 2019 | Canada | Implementation Research; Cross-Sectional Study | 1 busy, academic, urban Canadian urban HIV clinic | Patients | NA | F: 149 (25.1); M: 445 (74.9) | 600 | People living with HIV (PLWH) | HHM-H Swart et al. 2022 | 2017–2018 | Botswana …

Global welfare burden of hematologic malignancies from 2015 to 2023.

Hematologic malignancies cause premature mortality and disability across the life course, but their welfare burden is difficult to compare across countries. We monetized global burden of disease (GBD) 2023 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for major hematologic malignancies in 188 countries from 2015 to 2023 using a value of lost welfare framework incorporating purchasing power parity adjusted gross domestic product (GDP), income transfer, age-specific valuation, and discounting. Global leukemia-related value of lost welfare (VLW) increased from US$1.40 trillion to US$1.70 trillion, while

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… For non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Bolivia showed the largest increase (+6.68 percentage points), followed by Botswana (+0.66 percentage points), Turkiye (+0.64 percentage points), and Suriname (+0.61 percentage points), whereas Ukraine (−3.00 percentage points), Bulgaria (−2.38 percentage points), and Andorra …

Stakeholder perspectives and requirements to guide the development of digital technology for palliative cancer services: a multi-country, cross-sectional, qualitative study in Nigeria, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

IntroductionCoverage of palliative care in low and middle-income countries is very limited, and global projections suggest large increases in need. Novel approaches are needed to achieve the palliative care goals of Universal Health Coverage. This study aimed to identify stakeholders' data and information needs and the role of digital technologies to improve access to and delivery of palliative care for people with advanced cancer in Nigeria, Uganda and Zimbabwe.MethodsWe conducted a multi-country cross-sectional qualitative study in sub-Saharan Africa. In-depth qualitative stakeholder intervi

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… Symptom burden and functional dependencies among Cancer patients in Botswana suggest a need for palliative care nursing. Cancer Nurs. 2016;39(1):E29–E38. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000249. 8. O'Neil DS, Prigerson HG, Mmoledi K, Sobekwa M, Ratshikana-Moloko M, Tsitsi JM, et al. …

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

BACKGROUND: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with e

Analysis of the distribution of malignant tumor burden across eight systems in Africa: an epidemiological analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

ObjectiveAfrica, a continent abundant in natural resources yet facing economic and cultural challenges. This study investigates the burden of cancer in Africa, leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to highlight the need for targeted healthcare interventions and policy reforms.Materials and methodsWe analyzed cancer incidence, prevalence, mortality rates, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years per 100 000 population across 54 African countries from 1990 to 2021. The study categorized malignancies into eight major organ systems and utilized the Social Demographic Index (SDI) t

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… Namibia (ASIR = 24.14), Lesotho (ASIR = 21.80), Swaziland (ASIR = 21.72), and Botswana (ASIR = 20.74). Respiratory system cancers are predominantly observed in Libya, with an ASIR of 23.34, followed by Lesotho (ASIR = 21.34). …

COVID-19 in patients with hematologic malignancy.

The coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) shows a remarkable symptomatic heterogeneity. Several risk factors including advanced age, previous illnesses, and a compromised immune system contribute to an unfavorable outcome. In patients with hematologic malignancy, the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is significantly reduced explaining why the mortality rate of hematologic patients hospitalized for a SARS-CoV-2 infection is about 34%. Active immunization is an essential pillar to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with hematologic malign

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… Since December 2020, variants of concerns with increased transmissibility or with an escape to prior immunization have been reported. 1-5 Since November 2021, variant B.1.1.529 (Omicron) was discovered in Botswana. …