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A Tale of Two Healthcare-associated Infections: Clostridium difficile Coinfection Among Patients With Candidemia.

Candidemia and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) are important healthcare-associated infections that share certain risk factors. We sought to describe candidemia-CDI coinfection using population-based surveillance data. We found that nearly 1 in 10 patients with candidemia had CDI coinfection.

Predictive factors of hepatitis C virus eradication after interferon-free therapy in HIV coinfection.

Real-life cohorts have shown that the effectiveness of all-oral, direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for HCV treatment is > 90%. We aimed to explore the predictive factors of DAA success in HIV coinfection. This is an observational prospective study within the cohort "VIH-DOC", Madrid, Spain. HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were included if they had been treated with DAAs between 9 January 2015 and 31 August 2016. The sustained virological response (SVR) was analysed in the intention-to-treat population. Binary logistic regression was used to study the impact of cirrhosis, anti-HCV therapy experience a…

HIV Infection, HCV Coinfection, and Alcohol Use: Associations with Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and heavy drinking independently promote microbial translocation and inflammation. … s in PLWH. The second analysis included the interaction of alcohol use with hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. RESULTS: Groups were matched on alcohol use, smoking, and other drug use. All biomarkers were significantly higher in PLWH relative to controls (LBP: p = 0.005; LPS: p = 0.014; sCD14: p < 0.001; sCD163: p < 0.001). In PLWH, alcohol use showed a si …

Association of HIV-syphilis coinfection with optimal antiretroviral adherence: a nation-wide claims study.

Condomless sex is not totally discouraged after achieving undetectable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load, but the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the group is unknown. This study was retrospective in nature, using the claims database of the National Health Insurance system from 2008 to 2016. The clinical characteristics of people living with HIV with or without syphilis coinfection were analyzed. People with HIV and syphilis coinfection were divided into two groups according to antiretroviral therapy adherence, as optimal and suboptimal adherence groups by a medicat…

Influenza A Virus Reassortment Is Limited by Anatomical Compartmentalization following Coinfection via Distinct Routes.

Exchange of gene segments through reassortment is a major feature of influenza A virus evolution and frequently contributes to the emergence of novel epidemic, pandemic, and zoonotic strains. It has long been evident that viral diversification through reassortment is constrained by genetic incompatibility between divergent parental viruses. In contrast, the role of virus-extrinsic factors in determining the likelihood of reassortment has remained unclear. To evaluate the impact of such factors in the absence of confounding effects of segment mismatch, we previously reported an approach in whic

Increased risk of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss in MDR-TB patients with HIV coinfection.

SETTING: A high proportion of individuals with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) develop permanent hearing loss due to ototoxicity caused by injectable aminoglycosides (AGs). The prevalence of AG-induced hearing loss is greatest in tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. However, whether HIV coinfection is associated with a higher incidence of AG-induced hearing loss during MDR-TB treatment is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of HIV coinfection on AG-induced hearing loss among individuals with MDR-TB in sub-Saha…

Oseltamivir PK/PD Modeling and Simulation to Evaluate Treatment Strategies against Influenza-Pneumococcus Coinfection.

Influenza pandemics and seasonal outbreaks have shown the potential of Influenza A virus (IAV) to enhance susceptibility to a secondary infe … to evaluate how Oseltamivir treatment strategies alter Influenza viral infection in presence of Sp coinfection and a resistant IAV strain emergence. In this paper we investigate the efficacy of current approved Oseltamivir treatment regimens using a computational approach. Our numerical results suggest that the curative regimen (75 mg) may yield 47% of antiv …

Modulation of nasopharyngeal innate defenses by viral coinfection predisposes individuals to experimental pneumococcal carriage.

Increased nasopharyngeal colonization density has been associated with pneumonia. We used experimental human pneumococcal carriage to invest … Using an in vitro epithelial model we explored the impact of increased mucosal FH in the context of coinfection. Epithelial inflammation and FH binding resulted in increased pneumococcal adherence to the epithelium. Binding was partially blocked by antibodies targeting the FH-binding protein Pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC). PspC epitope mapping revealed …

Immunoendocrine interactions during HIV-TB coinfection: implications for the design of new adjuvant therapies.

Worldwide, around 14 million individuals are coinfected with both tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In coinfected in … ring HIV and TB infections. We also expose our own findings on immunoendocrine cross talk in HIV-TB coinfection. Finally, we evaluate the use of adrenal hormones and their derivatives in immune-therapy and discuss the use of some of these compounds like the adjuvant for the prevention and treatment of TB in HIV patients.

Инфекция ВИЧ и туберкулезом: качественное исследование проблем лечения, с которыми сталкиваются медицинские работники.

СЕТТИНГ: Департамент инфекционных заболеваний, Каролинская университетская больница, Стокгольм, Швеция. ЦЕЛЬ: Понимание проблем, с которыми сталкиваются медсестры и врачи при лечении пациентов, инфицированных вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) и туберкулезом (ТБ), с уделением особого внимания возможностям использования информационно-коммуникационных технологий. DESIGN: В целях ознакомления с клиническим контекстом были проведены наблюдения на месте и неофициальные обсуждения с использованием качественного плана исследований. Семь медицинских сестер и шесть врачей были специально отобраны дл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
SETTING: Infectious Diseases Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. OBJECTIVE: To understand the challenges faced b … reatment. CONCLUSION: Support is needed on several levels to address the emerging burden of TB-HIV coinfection in Sweden. Educational material and tools need to be further developed to support care providers in making decisions about adequate care, and to support collaborative activities and communication among patients and care providers. Information and co …

Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis D coinfection in asymptomatic blood donors in Iran.

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus that needs hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen for amplification and transition. HDV appears in HBsAg carriers as acute coinfection and superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis B. This coinfection leads to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver carcinoma. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of coinfection and superinfection of HBVs and HDVs in blood donor individuals in Iran. Sera from 854 asymptomatic blood donors from the Bank of positive samples storage at the National Blood Transfusion Organization of Iran that w…

HIV, Hepatitis B and C viruses' coinfection among patients in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis co-infection with HIV is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. METHODS: This cross sectional study was carried out among HIV positive patients and HIV negative blood donors, HIV infected patients were recruited from the antiretroviral therapy clinics of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, in Nigeria. The diagnosis of HIV infection among patients and predonation screening of control blood donors was carried out using Determine 1/2 screening rapid kits. (Inverness Medical, Japan). Reactive patients' sera were confirmed with Enzyme Linked Immunosorb

Factors associated with reduced antituberculous serum drug concentrations in patients with HIV-TB coinfection.

We describe correlates of reduced antituberculous serum drug concentrations (SDCs) in HIV-infected patients receiving treatment for active tuberculosis (TB). Cross-sectional analysis of individuals diagnosed with HIV and active TB in Northern Alberta, Canada, was performed. Of the 30 HIV-TB cases, 27 underwent measurement of SDCs. Rates of low SDCs were 9 of 26 (34%) for isoniazid (INH) and 16 of 25 (64%) for rifamycins. Increased weight and elevated body mass index (BMI) correlated with low SDCs for rifampin (P < .05) and increased weight also correlated with reduced SDCs for INH (P < .05). T

Coinfection with EBV/CMV and other respiratory agents in children with suspected infectious mononucleosis.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) can infect immunocompetent patients simultaneously with other agents. Nonetheless, multiple infections with other agents in EBV/CMV-infected children have received little attention. We conducted a retrospective study of children with suspected infectious mononucleosis. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence to detect EBV, CMV and other respiratory agents including respiratory syncytial virus; adenovirus; influenza virus types A and B; parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and

Delay in diagnosis: trauma- and coinfection-related cutaneous leishmaniasis because of Leishmania guyanensis infection.

Trauma can trigger the onset of some lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). In this study, we present the case of a 65-year-old man who de … ne methods. In some, leishmaniasis may be an occult infection whose presence is heralded by trauma. Coinfection, by altering the immune response, may have facilitated the clinical acquisition of CL.

Coinfection of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in a non-HIV patient.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) are life-threatening opportunistic infections that occur in immunocompromised hosts. Early diagnosis and treatment of these opportunistic infections is essential to the survival of immunocompromised patients. We report a 60-year-old man undergoing short-term steroid therapy after surgical resection of a brain tumor infected with combined invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia diagnosed by bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. Our case demonstrated that short-term systemic steroid