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Maternal Low-Protein Diet during Puberty and Adulthood Aggravates Lipid Metabolism of Their Offspring Fed a High-Fat Diet in Mice.

A maternal low-protein (LP) diet during gestation and/or lactation results in metabolic syndrome in their offspring. Here, we investigated the effect of maternal LP diet during puberty and adulthood on the metabolic homeostasis of glucose and lipids in offspring. Female mice were fed with normal-protein (NP) diet or a LP diet for 11 weeks. Male offspring were then fed with a high-fat diet (NP-HFD and LP-HFD groups) or standard chow diet (NP-Chow and LP-Chow groups) for 4 months. Results showed that maternal LP diet during puberty and adulthood did not alter the insulin sensitivity and hepatic …

The Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet vs. a Low-Fat Diet on Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Increasing evidence supports a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss and improvement in traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers. Effects on novel CVD markers remain unclear. We examined the effects of a low-carbohydrate diet (<40 g/day; n = 75) versus a low-fat diet (<30% kcal/day from total fat, <7% saturated fat; n = 73) on biomarkers representing inflammation, adipocyte dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction in a 12 month clinical trial among 148 obese adults free of diabetes and CVD. Participants met with a study dietitian on a periodic basis and each diet group received the sam…

Improving the protein quality of New Zealand vegan diets: an optimisation modelling approach incorporating energy constraints and diet acceptability.

INTRODUCTION: Under consumption of certain indispensable amino acids (IAAs) is common in poorly planned vegan diets, but targeted dietary modifications through optimisation modelling can improve the overall protein adequacy and protein quality of these diets. METHODS: Shortfalls in protein and IAAs in the existing diets of a sample of New Zealand vegans (stratified into three clusters with varying protein intake) were calculated by comparing daily intakes to individual requirements. An energy-tailored optimisation using linear programming was used to add protein-rich foods present in each ind…

Could the Wheel of Cardiovascular Health Diet Be a Tool for Diet Quality in Nutritional Counseling? Comparison with Healthy Eating Index-2020.

OBJECTIVE: The Wheel of Cardiovascular Health Diet was recently elaborated based on current nutritional recommendations for healthy eating and was made for person-centered nutritional counseling, thus it may be an interesting tool to improve food awareness. However, its validity is yet to be tested. We hypothesized that the self-perception of patients diagnosed with chronic diseases, evaluated by the Wheel of Cardiovascular Health Diet, is satisfactory in assessing the quality of their diets, compared with the Healthy Eating Index-2020. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of adults wi…

Pit bull-type breeds with dilated cardiomyopathy eating nontraditional diets improve after diet change (2015-2022).

OBJECTIVE: To compare signalment, clinical signs, diet, echocardiographic findings, and outcome for pit bull-type breeds diagnosed between 2015 and 2022 with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or with DCM diagnosed by a cardiologist but that did not meet all study echocardiographic criteria (DCM-C). ANIMALS: 91 dogs with DCM and 11 dogs with DCM-C. PROCEDURES: Data were collected on clinical findings, echocardiographic measurements, and diet at the time of diagnosis (for 76/91 dogs); echocardiographic changes; and survival. RESULTS: For dogs with diet information available for time of diagnosis, …

Micronutrient deficiencies are frequent in adult patients with and without celiac disease on a gluten-free diet, regardless of duration and adherence to the diet.

OBJECTIVES: The only treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Nutritional deficiencies are common in CD; however, how this is influenced by the presence of symptoms, duration of CD, and compliance of GFD is less clear. The objective of this study was to compare nutritional deficiencies in patients with CD to those of nonceliac populations on a GFD. The secondary outcomes were to compare deficiencies in short- (&lt;2 y) versus long-term (≥2 y) GFD, and in those with persistent symptoms versus asymptomatic. METHODS: We included patients seen at the McMaster Celiac C…

Metabolic dysfunctions promoted by AIN-93G standard diet compared with three obesity-inducing diets in C57BL/6J mice.

Researchers from different fields have studied the causes of obesity and associated comorbidities, proposing ways to prevent and treat this condition by using a common animal model of obesity to create a profound energy imbalance in young adult rodents. However, to confirm the harmful effects of consuming a high-fat and hypercaloric diet, it is common to include normolipidic and normocaloric control groups in the experimental protocols. This study compared the effect of three experimental diets described in the literature - namely, a high-fat diet, a high-fat and high-sucrose diet, and a high-…

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits of a gluten-free diet and/or casein-free diet for children with autism spectrum disorder.

CONTEXT: It has been suggested that a gluten-free and casein-free (GFCF) diet may alleviate the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and facilitate neurodevelopment of children with ASD. Studies to date have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate (through quantitative meta-analysis) the efficacy and safety of a GFCF diet for children with ASD. To our knowledge, this is the first time such an analysis has been carried out. DATA SOURCES: Eight electronic databases were searched, from the establishment of each database up to March 27, 2020: PubMed, Web of Science, Emba…

Comparison of Ketogenic Diets with and without Ketone Salts versus a Low-Fat Diet: Liver Fat Responses in Overweight Adults.

Ketogenic diets (KDs) often contain high levels of saturated fat, which may increase liver fat, but the lower carbohydrate intake may have the opposite effect. Using a controlled feeding design, we compared liver fat responses to a hypocaloric KD with a placebo (PL) versus an energy-matched low-fat diet (LFD) in overweight adults. We also examined the added effect of a ketone supplement (KS). Overweight adults were randomized to a 6-week KD (KD + PL) or a KD with KS (KD + KS); an LFD group was recruited separately. All diets were estimated to provide 75% of energy expenditure. Weight loss was …

Do intermittent diets provide physiological benefits over continuous diets for weight loss? A systematic review of clinical trials.

Energy restriction induces physiological effects that hinder further weight loss. Thus, deliberate periods of energy balance during weight loss interventions may attenuate these adaptive responses to energy restriction and thereby increase the efficiency of weight loss (i.e. the amount of weight or fat lost per unit of energy deficit). To address this possibility, we systematically searched MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PubMed and Cinahl and reviewed adaptive responses to energy restriction in 40 publications involving humans of any age or body mass index that had undergone a diet involving intermitten…

Research of influence and mechanism of combining exercise with diet control on a model of lipid metabolism rat induced by high fat diet.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence and mechanism of combining exercise with diet control on a model of lipid metabolism rat induced by high fat diet. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 8: normal, model and intervention. The model group and intervention group were fed with high fat diet, while the normal group received basal feed. From day 1, the intervention group was randomly given interventions such as swimming exercise and dietary restriction. The interventions duration were 28 days. At the end of the experiment, the levels of rats' body weigh…

Adult cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) at maintenance are more sensitive to diets containing excess vitamin A than to vitamin A-deficient diets.

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the physiological responses of adult cockatiels at maintenance to dietary vitamin A (VA) concentrations, and to identify concentrations associated with deficiency and toxicity. Adult cockatiels at maintenance (n = 22, 2-3 y of age) were fed a diet of 0, 600, 3000 or 30,000 microg VA/kg (0, 2000, 10,000 or 100,000 IU), and monitored for signs of VA deficiency or toxicity for up to 706 d. The analyzed diet concentrations were 0, 835, 2815 and 24,549 microg/kg, respectively. After 269 d, birds fed the 30,000 microg/kg VA diet had greater plasma retina…

Different forms of alkaline phosphatase in adult rat femur. Effect of a vitamin D3-deficient diet and of a sorbitol-enriched diet.

In the femoral extremities of the adult rat containing the metaphysis, the epiphyseal cartilage, and the epiphysis, four alkaline phosphatas … the femur, it seems that, apart from homodimers, some heterodimers could also occur. Three types of diets were administered to three groups of rats for 5 weeks. Two are known to disturb bone mineralization: (1) a vitamin D3-deficient diet, and (2) the same as (1) but enriched with 12% sorbitol. The third was a normal diet containing vitamin D3. Concern …

Does a whole millet grain-based diet replace whole corn grain in non-forage diets for goat kids?

Twenty-one Anglo-Nubian goat kids (21.6 ± 2.9 kg) were assigned to a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of different whole grain-based diets on performance, ingestive behavior, physiological parameters, and carcass characteristics. The experimental diets consisted of a control diet (CON), containing 10% hay and 90% concentrate, and two non-forage diets: a whole corn grain-based diet (WC) and a whole millet grain-based diet (WM), both composed of 20% commercial pellet and 80% the respective whole grain. The non-forage diets reduced dry matter intake (P = 0.002); however, crude…

Evaluation of hydrolyzed salmon and hydrolyzed poultry feather diets in restrictive diet trials for diagnosis of food allergies in pruritic dogs.

INTRODUCTION: Canine cutaneous adverse food reaction (CAFR) is a common disorder caused by abnormal and unwanted skin reactions to ingested dietary allergens. Whereas other forms of allergic dermatitis may require drug therapy, CAFR is best treated with dietary change. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of CAFR are critical. The gold standard test for CAFR is a 6-12 week elimination diet trial using limited and known hypoallergenic proteins. METHOD: A multicenter, triple-blinded, randomized, crossover prospective clinical study was conducted in dogs suspected to have cutane…

Следует ли улучшить сопоставление между рационами питания?

Питание считается возможным кофактором, который влияет на иммунную систему и потенциально вызывает дисрегулирование кишечного гомеостаза и воспаления. Цель этого исследования заключалась в анализе качества данных о воздействии конкретного состава рациона питания на симптомы иммунопосредованных подстрекательских заболеваний (ИМИД), включая ревматоидный артрит (RA), спондилоартрит, множественный склероз (MS), воспалительный кишечник (IBD) [восстановление болезни Крона и язвительный колит], псориоз и псориатический артрит у взрослых пациентов. Мы провели обзор метаанализов и систематических обзор

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Diet is considered a possible cofactor, which affects the immune system and potentially causes dysregulation of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. This study aimed to review the quality of evidence on the effects of specific diet composition on symptoms of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthr…

Impact of diet on the persistence of early vascular remodeling and stiffening induced by intrauterine growth restriction and a maternal high-fat diet.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and maternal high-fat diet (HFD) independently predispose offspring to hypertension. In a rat model, IUGR more so than maternal HFD increases arterial stiffness with vascular remodeling as early as postnatal day (PND) 21. The trajectory of such early vascular changes remains unknown. We hypothesized that IUGR would increase blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, and markers of ongoing detrimental vascular remodeling in adult rats exposed to a maternal HFD regardless of weaning diet. Adult female rats were fed either a regular diet (RD) or an HFD before …

Comparison of 0.46% calcium diets with and without added anions with a 0.7% calcium anionic diet as a means to reduce periparturient hypocalcemia.

Most studies demonstrating that diets with low dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) reduce hypocalcemia in cows add enough anions to the diet to reduce urine pH below 7.0. One objective of these experiments was to determine whether there is any benefit to periparturient plasma Ca concentration if diet anion addition results in a lesser degree of acidification of the cow and urine pH does not go below 7.0. Another method for reducing hypocalcemia involves feeding a prepartal diet that is Ca deficient. This places the cow in negative Ca balance before calving, stimulating parathyroid hormone (…

The effects of a low-calorie diet or an isocaloric diet combined with metformin on sex hormones In obese women of child-bearing age.

BACKGROUND: The influence of weight loss treatment on sex hormones profile has been studied mainly in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but in obese premenopausal women without PCOS it still remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of two approaches to obesity treatment on the serum level of sex hormones in obese women of child-bearing age without PCOS. METHODS: 77 obese Caucasian women (aged 31.2 ±8.3 years) were randomized into two groups: 39 women received a low-calorie diet (LC) and 38 received an isocaloric diet plus metformin (IM), for 12 weeks. Anthro…

Paraventricular opioids alter intake of high-fat but not high-sucrose diet depending on diet preference in a binge model of feeding.

Previous work from our laboratory indicates that when rats are given a choice between a high-fat and a high-sucrose diet, opioid blockade with naltrexone (NTX) in a reward-related site (central amygdala) inhibits intake of the preferred diet only, whereas NTX injected into a homeostasis-related site, such as the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), inhibits intake of both diets. However, other work suggests that opioids increase intake of fat specifically. The present study further investigates the role of PVN opioids in food choices made by calorically-replete animals. We used a binge …