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West Syndrome in Children With Congenital Zika Virus Infection.

Congenital Zika infection has been linked with a characteristic phenotype including neurologic sequelae. However, West syndrome has not been previously well described as a consequence. We aim to show this association through a retrospective descriptive study performed in Ecuador. Among 147 infants with congenital Zika infection, 7.5% suffered from West syndrome. Vigabatrin seems to be effective to control the spasms.

An analysis of reported cases of leishmaniasis in the southern Ecuadorian Amazon region, 1986-2012.

An analysis of reported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) was performed using the data registered in the southern Ecuadorian Amazon region during 27 years from 1986 to 2012. The cases/subjects with both the suspected CL lesions and the amastigote-positive results were recruited for the analysis. The yearly occurrence of cases showed a markedly higher number during the six years, 1988 and 1993. After 1994 when the insecticide spraying campaign using helicopter in 1993-1994, the number dropped remarkably. Then, the yearly occurrence gradually fluctuated from 101 cases in 1996 to 11 in 2009, …

First Ecuadorian statement consensus for the evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis.

UNLABELLED: Osteoporosis management has become more relevant as the life expectancy increases. In Ecuador, approximately 19% of adults over 65 years of age have been diagnosed with osteoporosis. There is no national consensus for the management and prevention of the disease being this proposal the first Ecuadorian consensus. INTRODUCTION: In Ecuador, it is estimated that around 19% of adults over 65 years of age have osteoporosis. Due to the increase in life expectancy in the world population, the evaluation and management of osteoporosis has become more relevant. Currently, there is no natio…

Lessons learned in evaluating the Familias Fuertes program in three countries in Latin America.

This report describes 1) the evaluation of the Familias Fuertes primary prevention program in three countries (Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador) and 2) the effect of program participation on parenting practices. Familias Fuertes was implemented in Bolivia (10 groups, 96 parents), Colombia (12 groups, 173 parents), and Ecuador (five groups, 42 parents) to prevent the initiation and reduce the prevalence of health-compromising behaviors among adolescents by strengthening family relationships and enhancing parenting skills. The program consists of seven group sessions (for 6-12 families) designed f…

Investigation of familial aggregation of seizures in neurocysticercosis patients.

Regional differences in the clinical manifestations of human neurocysticercosis (NCC) may indicate a role of host genetics. We examined whether there is familial aggregation of seizures in first-degree relatives of NCC patients with seizure versus NCC patients without seizure as presenting symptom in a group of patients in Ecuador. The results of our analyses were null, and there was no trend toward familial aggregation of seizures in NCC patients.

US Evaluation of Bone Age in Rural Ecuadorian Children: Association with Anthropometry and Nutrition.

Background Stunted growth and development is a serious global public health problem. A limited number of field measures exist that can be used to evaluate stunting and its underlying biologic mechanisms. Purpose To assess bone age using tablet-based US in young children living in a rural community in Ecuador, where stunting is prevalent, and to evaluate the associations between bone age, anthropometry, and diet. Materials and Methods From June through August 2017, tablet-based US was used to assess bone age in young children within their homes in rural Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Bone age z scores (BAZ…

Multiple Origins of Mutations in the mdr1 Gene--A Putative Marker of Chloroquine Resistance in P. vivax.

BACKGROUND: Chloroquine combined with primaquine has been the recommended antimalarial treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria infections for … gene among 267 samples collected from Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Sudan, São Tomé and Ecuador. We measured and diversity in four microsatellite (MS) markers flanking the Pvmdr1 gene to look evidence of selection on mutant alleles. RESULTS: SNP polymorphism in the Pvmdr1 gene was largely confined to codons T958M, Y976F and F1076L. Only 2.4% …

Multinational comparison of the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in healthy resident feces.

The spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, especially in developing countries, is a critical healthcare issue. Among these, extended-sp … this approach. The study analyzed ESBL genes in fecal samples from 161 residents in four countries: Ecuador, Ghana, Vietnam, and Japan. Samples from Ecuador, Ghana, and Vietnam, where ESBL carriage was notably high, revealed gene variations by country, with blaTEM genes being most common except in Ghana, where blaSHV genes predominated. These variations s …

[Three cases of imported histoplasmosis in our hospital].

Since 1999 we have observed three cases of imported histoplasmosis in our hospital. One was an immunocompetent individual and two further patients were immunosuppressed (renal transplantation and HIV infection C3). Two patients were born in endemic areas (Equatorial Guinea and Ecuador) and a third patient had a history of previous travel to the Peruvian Amazonia. The different clinical presentations and diagnostic tools of histoplasmosis are discussed.

Progressive gastrointestinal histoplasmosis leading to colonic obstruction two years after initial presentation.

A 37-yr-old man from Ecuador presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Endoscopy revealed duodenal histoplasmosis. The patient improved with antifungal therapy but was readmitted 2 yr later with diarrhea and fever. Colonoscopy revealed histoplasmosis lesions, including a constricting transverse colon lesion. The patient refused surgery and died of colonic perforation. We discuss the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in this report.

Ritualistic use of the holly Ilex guayusa by Amazonian Jívaro Indians.

In Amazonian Peru and Ecuador leaf decoctions of the rainforest holly Ilex guayusa with high caffeine concentrations are used as a morning stimulant. After daily ingestion, ritualistic vomiting by male Achuar Indians, better known as Jívaros, reduces excessive caffeine intake, so that blood levels of caffeine and biotransformed dimethylxanthines do not cause undesirable CNS and other effects. Emesis is learned and apparently not due to emetic compounds.

First Record of Morphological Abnormalities in an Embryo of the Longtail Stingray (Hypanus longus) From the Ecuadorian Pacific.

This short communication reports the first record of multiple morphological anomalies in an embryo of Hypanus longus from Ecuadorian waters. A gravid female H. longus contained two embryos in the uterus: one exhibiting normal morphology and the other presenting several severe anomalies, including an opening in the chondrocranial membrane, separation of the pectoral fins and an incomplete pelvic fin. In addition, a helical torsion of the caudal fin was observed, an anomaly not previously reported in batoids. The deformities observed would likely have severely impaired the embryo's growth and de…

Generating practice-based evidence for common mental health problems using routine outcome monitoring: a protocol for a longitudinal naturalistic study in Ecuadorian mental health services.

INTRODUCTION: Practice-oriented research uses scientific methods to generate practice-based evidence on psychotherapy processes and outcomes. The Consorcio Latinoamericano de Investigación en Psicoterapia (CLIP) unifies data collection across multiple sites to enhance the value of routine outcome monitoring. This project aims to generate practice-based evidence on the implementation, progress and predictors of change in psychological interventions within Ecuador's routine mental health settings, using CLIP's unified data forms. METHODS AND ANALYSES: This is a protocol for an observational, na…

First report of Tunga trimamillata infection in a dog.

BACKGROUND: Tungiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Tunga penetrans and, less commonly, Tunga trimamillata. It affects the skin of humans and animals in rural or low-income communities. The disease is considered endemic in Ecuador, with most cases reported in the Amazon and Andean regions. There are few cases reported on T. trimamillata in Ecuador, most of which have been reported in the canton of Santa Isabel, Azuay Province. Unlike T. penetrans, no cases of canine infection have been reported for T.trimamillata before. CASE REPORT: A canine patient was presented for medical cons…

Asymptomatic parasitaemia in a malaria pre-elimination setting in the Putumayo area of the Ecuadorian Amazon basin.

BACKGROUND: Ecuador is approaching malaria elimination, but its Amazonian Putumayo canton borders regions in Colombia and Peru with high transmission intensity. This 'frontier' setting represents a critical vulnerability where asymptomatic infections may sustain transmission, undetected by routine surveillance. METHODS: In a repeated cross-sectional study during the 2023 rainy season, we surveyed 293 asymptomatic individuals in four riverine communities in Putumayo. We used a tiered diagnostic approach: rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), expert microscopy, and real-time qPCR targeting the 18S rRN…

Molecular identification of Trypanosoma theileri in cattle from the Ecuadorian Amazon.

Trypanosoma theileri is a cosmopolitan opportunistic haemoparasite described in wild and domestic ruminants, and also in arthropod vectors. The presence of this parasite has been reported in several South American countries, including Amazonian regions. Despite the importance of livestock production, Ecuador possesses scarce studies about trypanosomosis and no T. theileri reports in its territory. Here, we showed molecular evidences of the presence of T. theileri in cattle from a province located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Bovine blood samples were collected from 2014 to 2019, during campaigns …

Declining Prevalence of Disease Vectors Under Climate Change.

More than half of the world population is at risk of vector-borne diseases including dengue fever, chikungunya, zika, yellow fever, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, and malaria, with highest incidences in tropical regions. In Ecuador, vector-borne diseases are present from coastal and Amazonian regions to the Andes Mountains; however, a detailed characterization of the distribution of their vectors has never been carried out. We estimate the distribution of 14 vectors of the above vector-borne diseases under present-day and future climates. Our results consistently suggest that climate warming i…

Молекулярная эпидемиология американского/азиатского генотипа DENV-2 в Перу.

В течение последнего десятилетия страны Южной Америки сообщали о геморрагической лихорадке денге, связанной с американским/азиатским генотипом вируса денге серотипа 2 (DENV-2). С середины 1990-х годов штаммы DENV-2 были связаны с крупными вспышками лихорадки денге и ДГФ во многих районах Перу, однако исследования по изучению происхождения, распределения и генетического разнообразия штаммов DENV-2 носили ограниченный характер. Для устранения этого пробела в знаниях мы секвенировали геологический район DENV-2 изолировали его от Перу, Эквадора, Парагвая и Боливии. Последовательность была приведен

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
During the past decade, countries in South America have reported dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) associated with American/Asian genotype of d … To address this knowledge gap, we sequenced the envelope gene region of DENV-2 isolates from Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Sequences were aligned and compared to a global sample of DENV-2 viruses. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the circulation of two DENV-2 genotypes in Peru: American (prior to 2001) and American/Asian (2000 to present). America …

Socio-Educational Factors Associated With the Caries Index in Indigenous Amazonian Nationalities.

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is a chronic, multifactorial disease that causes demineralization and destruction of the tooth's hard tissues. Factors that impact caries formation include socio-educational aspects such as the level of study, economic status, and place of residence. Though there is some information about Indigenous people in Ecuador, there is scant literature concerning the Indigenous Amazonian nationalities like Waorani or Zaparo. OBJECTIVE: To describe the socio-educational aspects related to the caries level index of Ecuador's Waorani and Zaparo nationalities. METHODOLOGY: Thi…