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Assessment of the impact of direct in vitro PFAS treatment on mouse spermatozoa.

ABSTRACT: Poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic environmentally persistent chemicals. Despite the phaseout of specific PFAS, their inherent stability has resulted in ubiquitous and enduring environmental contamination. PFAS bioaccumulation has been reported globally with omnipresence in most populations wherein they have been associated with a range of negative health effects, including strong associations with increased instances of testicular cancer and reductions in overall semen quality. To elucidate the biological basis of such effects, we employed an acute in vitro ex

Assessment of the disaster medical response system through an investigation of a 43-vehicle mass collision on Jung-ang expressway.

PURPOSE: It was considered the challenges of the actual response and the potential for improvement, including the activities of the disaster response system, national emergency medical center, and the regional base hospital for the treatment of multiple traffic accident victims. The purpose of this study was to analyze the accident management system through real investigating the multiple collision over 10 vehicles with mass casualty events as a disaster situation. METHODS: This study was retrospective study to analyze the disaster event with multiple collision traffic accident on the express

Electrical injuries in Canadian burn care. Identification of unsolved problems.

Over the past decade, the Firefighters' Burn Treatment Unit of the University of Alberta Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, has treated 1399 inpatients suffering from thermal injury. Regional burn care is provided in a 10-bed intensive care unit with 18 plastic surgery reconstructive beds for a large referral region of central and northern Alberta, portions of the Northwest Territories, and neighboring provinces of British Columbia and Saskatchewan. Of the total burn inpatients during this period, 74 electrical injuries were treated (5.3% of all admissions): 71 were males (95.9%) and 3 fem…

Post-traumatic stress disorder in victims of civilian trauma and criminal violence.

Many individuals in the community suffer from PTSD and other stress reactions. Physicians, however, tend to diagnose post-traumatic symptoms … rk environments better and the special risks associated with dangerous occupations, such as police, firefighters, rescue workers, and body handlers. Clinicians commonly attribute symptoms to a particular stressor, usually the most recent stressor or the stressor that represents the content of the symptoms. For example, nightmares about a recent auto accident a …

Exploring the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Physical Performance: An EEG Study in the Context of High-Intensity Endurance.

BACKGROUND: While the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function are well-documented, its impact on high-intensity endurance performance and underlying neural mechanisms remains underexplored, especially in the context of search and rescue operations where both physical and mental performance are essential. This study examines the neurophysiological basis of sleep deprivation on high-intensity endurance using electroencephalography (EEG). In this crossover study, twenty firefighters were subjected to both sleep deprivation (SD) and normal sleep conditions, with each participant perform…

World Trade Center Health Program: First Decade of Research.

The terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 placed nearly a half million people at increased risk of adverse health. Health effects research began shortly after and continues today, now mostly as a coordinated effort under the federally mandated World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program (WTCHP). Established in 2011, the WTCHP provides medical monitoring and treatment of covered health conditions for responders and survivors and maintains a research program aimed to improve the care and well-being of the affected population. By 2020, funds in excess of USD 127 M had been awarded for health effects

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… SIRs were generally increased among exposed firefighters compared to those unexposed. … An update was conducted comparing 11,457 FDNY firefighters who were WTC responders to an external control group of 8220 firefighters employed in Chicago, Philadelphia, and San Francisco with follow-up until 2009 [ 56 ]. …

A multi-criteria GIS model for suitability analysis of locations of decentralized wastewater treatment units: case study in Sulaimania, Iraq.

Sulaimania is a City located in Kurdistan region in the north of Iraq. The city is facing a lack of water, and it will reach a very critical condition shortly. One of the potential solutions is to reuse the treated wastewater for non-direct human uses such as irrigation, washing, firefighting, groundwater recharging, and others. There is no sewage treatment plant in the city. The wastewater flows into a stream through some sewer outlets, and that causes big environmental issues. Decentralized wastewater treatment units (DTUs) are suggested to solve the issue. The treated wastewater will be use

The World Trade Center health surveillance program: results of the first 10 years and implications for prevention.

BACKGROUND: The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) of September 11, 2001 resulted in the deaths of 2,823 persons. They also g … ed data from participants in the WTC Screening, Monitoring, and Treatment Program. Police officers, firefighters, construction workers, and municipal workers were included in the cohort. Cumulative and annual incidence were estimated for various physical disorders including asthma, sinusitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, mental health disorders includi …

Musculoskeletal complaints and psychosocial stress factors in emergency medical services: a differentiated gender comparison.

BACKGROUND: Working in emergency medical services involves a high level of physical and psychological stress. The proportion of female profe … (NMQ), the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) and the Sources of Occupational Stress in Firefighters and Paramedics (SOOS-14) questionnaire. In addition to comparing all variables between genders and different age groups, a total score was calculated based on a Rasch model for the items of the COPSOQ and SOOS-14. Correlations were performed with so …

A Systematic Review of Nutrition Interventions for Shift Workers, With Subgroup Analysis of First Responder Populations.

INTRODUCTION: Shift work is an increasingly prevalent feature of the modern workforce, with first responders constituting a critical occupat … healthcare professionals (40%), with a few studies (9%) involving first responder subgroups (e.g., firefighters and police officers). Frequently reported intervention components included macronutrient adjustments (23%), time-restricted eating (TRE) (21%), and meal timing and quantity (19%). Frequently reported outcomes were cardiometabolic health (40%), cogni …

Use of automated external defibrillators in cardiac arrest: an evidence-based analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to identify the components of a program to deliver early defibrillation that optimizes the effectiveness of a … ility of delivering shock. The first responders in out-of-hospital settings are usually bystanders, firefighters, police, and community volunteers. In hospital settings, they are usually nurses. These first responders are not trained in reading electrocardiograms and identifying abnormal heart rhythms restorable by defibrillation. THE TECHNOLOGY: An AED is a …

Metabolic syndrome biomarkers predict lung function impairment: a nested case-control study.

RATIONALE: Cross-sectional studies demonstrate an association between metabolic syndrome and impaired lung function. OBJECTIVES: To define if metabolic syndrome biomarkers are risk factors for loss of lung function after irritant exposure. METHODS: A nested case-control study of Fire Department of New York personnel with normal pre-September 11th FEV(1) and who presented for subspecialty pulmonary evaluation before March 10, 2008. We correlated metabolic syndrome biomarkers obtained within 6 months of World Trade Center dust exposure with subsequent FEV(1). FEV(1) at subspecialty pulmonary e

Trajectories of Scores on a Screening Instrument for PTSD Among World Trade Center Rescue, Recovery, and Clean-Up Workers.

The longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) over 8-9 years was examined among 16,488 rescue and recovery workers who responded to the events of September 11, 2001 (9/11) at the World Trade Center (WTC; New York, NY), and were enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry. Latent class growth analysis identified 5 groups of rescue and recovery workers with similar score trajectories at 3 administrations of the PTSD Checklist (PCL): low-stable (53.3%), moderate- stable (28.7%), moderate-increasing (6.4%), high-decreasing (7.7%), and high-stable (4.0%). Relative to the lo

Web-Based Mindfulness Meditation as an Adjunct to Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Public Safety Personnel: Mixed Methods Feasibility Evaluation Study.

BACKGROUND: Public safety personnel (PSP) are individuals who work to ensure the safety and security of communities (eg, correctional workers, firefighters, paramedics, and police officers). PSP have a high risk of developing mental disorders and face unique barriers to traditional mental health treatments. The PSP Wellbeing Course is a transdiagnostic, internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) course tailored to assist PSP with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The initial course outcomes are promising, but some clients report some challen…

Effect of Dahuang Zhechong pills on long non-coding RNA growth arrest specific 5 in rat models of hepatic fibrosis.

STUDY DESIGN: Reliability study. OBJECTIVES: To determine intrarater test-retest and interrater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) among novice raters. BACKGROUND: The FMS is used by various examiners to assess movement and predict time-loss injuries in diverse populations (eg, youth to professional athletes, firefighters, military service members) of active participants. Unfortunately, critical analysis of the reliability of the FMS is currently limited to 1 sample of active college-age participants. METHODS: Sixty-four active-duty service members (mean ± SD age, 25.2 ± 3.…

Concerns that an opioid antidote could "make things worse": Profiles of risk compensation beliefs using the Naloxone-Related Risk Compensation Beliefs (NaRRC-B) scale.

Background and aims: As opioid overdose death rates reach epidemic proportions in the United States, the widespread distribution of naloxone is imperative to save lives. However, concerns that people who use drugs will engage in riskier drug behaviors if they have access to naloxone remain prevalent, and the measurement scales to assess these risk compensation concerns remain under researched. This study aims to examine the validity of the Naloxone-Related Risk Compensation Beliefs (NaRRC-B) scale and to understand the effect of overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) training on r

Post-9/11/2001 lung function trajectories by sex and race in World Trade Center-exposed New York City emergency medical service workers.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether lung function trajectories after 9/11/2001 (9/11) differed by sex or race/ethnicity in World Trade Center-exposed Fire Department of the City of New York emergency medical service (EMS) workers. METHOD: Serial cross-sectional study of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) taken between 9/11 and 9/10/2015. We used data from routine PFTs (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1% predicted), conducted at 12-18 month intervals. FEV1 and FEV1% predicted were assessed over time, stratified by sex, and race/ethnicity. We also assessed FEV1 and FEV1% predicted in cur

European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - occupational exposures and cancer.

Occupational exposure to cancer-causing agents is a major, yet preventable, contributor to cancer in Europe and globally. In the European Union (EU), cancer is responsible for nearly half of all work-related deaths, underscoring the critical need for prevention measures. Effective strategies typically involve regulatory and workplace measures aimed at reducing or eliminating exposure risks. Raising awareness of hazardous workplace exposures is essential to empower individuals, foster a culture of prevention, and support effective regulation. The 5th edition of the European Code Against Cancer

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… Occupational exposure has occurred primarily in chemical manufacturing, especially among fluorochemical‐production workers and firefighters. Inhalation and dermal absorption are the main exposure routes. … Firefighting was classified as an occupational exposure scenario involving Group 1 carcinogens, including asbestos and combustion products [ 45 ]. …

Using Full Dive Virtual Reality to Operationalize Warfighter Resilience: From Proof of Concept and Usability of Hardware and Software to Upcoming Integrated Psychological Skills Training.

INTRODUCTION: Modern warfare operations are volatile, highly complex environments, placing immense physiological, psychological, and cognitive demands on the warfighter. To maximize cognitive performance and warfighter resilience and readiness, training must address psychological stress to enhance performance. Resilience in the face of adversity is fundamentally rooted in an individual's psychophysiological stress response and optimized through decreased susceptibility to the negative impact of trauma exposure. The current project aims to optimize warfighter expertise, resilience, adaptability

Backpack Load Carriage Affects Motor and Sensory Responses of the Median Nerve.

INTRODUCTION: Use of the upper limbs is often necessary for military and firefighter personnel who carry backpacks. Backpack straps can compress the brachial plexus nerves of the upper limb. It is known that carrying a backpack can lead to rucksack palsy, but it is unknown if effects of upper limb nerve compression from carrying a heavy backpack can be demonstrated after a single session of backpack use. Our study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of backpack carriage on upper limb nerve conduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six participants including 18 female (mean ± SD: age 2