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Efficacy and safety of pyronaridine-artesunate (PYRAMAX) for the treatment of P. falciparum uncomplicated malaria in African pregnant women (PYRAPREG): study protocol for a phase 3, non-inferiority, randomised open-label clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Malaria infection during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight and infant mortality and should be prevented and tre … ria in five sub-Saharan, malaria-endemic countries (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali, Mozambique and the Gambia). A total of 1875 pregnant women will be randomised to one of the treatment arms. Women will be actively monitored until Day 63 post-treatment, at delivery and 4-6 weeks after delivery, and infants' health will be checked …

Association of Mycobacterium africanum Infection with Slower Disease Progression Compared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Malian Patients with Tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium africanum (MAF) is known to endemically cause up to 40-50% of all pulmonary TB in West Africa. The aim of this study was to compare MAF with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) with regard to time from symptom onset to TB diagnosis, and clinical and radiological characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bamako, Mali, between August 2014 and July 2016. Seventy-seven newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients who were naive to treatment were enrolled at Mali's University Clinical Research Center. Sputum cultures were performed to confirm the diagnosis and spoligotyping to i…

Influence of Age on Antibody Response and Persistence Following Immunization With MenAfriVac.

BACKGROUND: A meningococcal group A conjugate vaccine, PsA-TT (MenAfriVac), developed through the Meningitis Vaccine Project and manufactured by the Serum Institute of India, Ltd, was tested in multiple clinical trials conducted mainly in Africa. The impact of age at which subjects were vaccinated on immune response and persistence postimmunization with PsA-TT was the main focus of the current analysis. METHODS: Subjects who were vaccinated with a single dose of 10 µg of PsA-TT at 12-23 months or 22-33 months of age in study A conducted in Mali and The Gambia; at 2-10 years, 11-17 years, or 1…

[Kaposiform HHV-8 negative acroangiodermatitis in chronic venous insufficiency].

A 76-year-old female patient developed severe manifestations of a kaposi-like acroangiodermatitis (so-called Mali's disease) due to chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities. The patient presented with large areas of confluent, violaceous or brown-black papules on both lower legs. Histologically, proliferation of thick-walled capillaries was seen in the upper dermis consisting of fully differentiated endothelial cells, as shown by immunohistochemistry. In contrast to true Kaposi's sarcoma, human-herpes-virus-8 DNA could not be detected by polymerase-chain-reaction in this condition…

[Artificial lenses at the Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology of Africa].

The authors present a report on the first set of twenty-three intra-ocular lenses fitting on subjects from Mali, performed at the "Tropical African Ophthalmology Institute" (I.O.T.A.) from december 1983 up to december 1984. This report deals mainly about the implants of the inner aqueous chamber of the eye after the intracapsular extraction. The mechanical complications and inflammatory corneal and retinal consequences which occurred after the surgical operation are being tested. None of these complications has questioned the visual and functional prognosis. So, the results seem quite good. Ne…

Mapping sleeping sickness in Western Africa in a context of demographic transition and climate change.

Human population growth, climate change and economic development are causing major environmental modifications in Western Africa, which will … minary results for seven West African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Mali and Togo) and briefly discuss the relevance of the Atlas for future monitoring, control and research activities.

Communication key for family planning.

4 reports published by Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) include information from husbands of the wives interviewed in the main part of the survey. All are from Africa--Burundi (1987), Ghana (1988), Kenya (1988) and Mali (1987). These surveys of husbands indicate the importance of programs that work to improve communication between spouses about family planning. In particular, they show a positive association between contraceptive prevalence and husband and wife communication about family planning. Husbands and wives were asked how often they discussed family planning in the past year. In K…

Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Huntington's Disease in the Malian Population.

BACKGROUND: Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutation in the HTT gene and characterized by involuntary movements as well as cognitive and behavioral impairment. Since its first description 150 years ago, studies have been reported worldwide. However, genetically confirmed cases have been scarce in Africa. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and genetic aspects of HD in the Malian population. METHODS: Patients with HD phenotype and their relatives were enrolled after obtaining consent. Symptoms were assessed using the Total Motor Scale (T…

Longitudinal Trends in Pediatric Non-Salmonella Gram-Negative Enterobacterales Infections at a Tertiary Care Center in West Africa, 2005-2023.

BACKGROUND: Despite data demonstrating the high prevalence of third-generation cephalosporin resistant Gram-negative Enterobacterales (GNE) among children in sub-Saharan Africa, longitudinal descriptions of resistance among these pathogens from Francophone West Africa remain rare. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of pathogen-positive children 0-15 years old included in an invasive bacterial infection study at l'Hôpital Gabriel Touré (in Bamako, Mali) from 2005 to 2023. We aimed to describe changes in pathogen burden and non-Salmonella GNE resistance over time and compare in-hosp…

Доля ВИЧ-инфекции гепатитом В среди беременных женщин и ВИЧ-инфицированных новорожденных в странах Африки к югу от Сахары и Южной Азии.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Новорожденные, инфицированные вирусом гепатита В (ГБВ), подвергаются риску хронического заболевания печени и гепатоклеточной карциномы. ЦЕЛИ: В рамках этого исследования были исследованы распространенность ВИЧ-инфекции среди беременных женщин и позитивная способность гепатита В на поверхности мозга (ГБСАГ) их новорожденных в Бангладеш, Бутане, Индии, Эфиопии, Мозамбике, Кении, Нигерии, Мали и Южной Африке. СТРАТЕГИЯ: Случайно отобранные пробы крови матерей и пуповины (n = 101 на каждом участке), отобранные при родах, были проверены на наличие у женщин антигена HBsAg и гепатита B (H

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Newborns infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are at risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. OBJECTIVES: T … g) positivity of their newborns in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, and South Africa. STUDY DESIGN: Randomly selected paired maternal and cord blood samples (n = 101 each site) taken at delivery were tested for HBsAg and Hepatitis B extractable antigen (HBeAg) in the women using a chemiluminescent microparticle im …

Tobacco use among adults with disabilities in nine countries-Demographic and Health Survey, 2016-2021.

Few studies have investigated tobacco use among people with disabilities living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to examine current tobacco use among men and women with disabilities using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 9 LMICs. We considered a respondent currently use tobacco products if they reported current use of any combustible/smoked tobacco products or smokeless tobacco products. We performed secondary analyses of DHS data from 2016-2021 collected in Haiti, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rwanda, South Africa, Timor-Leste, and Uganda. We examined …

Individuals co-exposed to sand fly saliva and filarial parasites exhibit altered monocyte function.

BACKGROUND: In Mali, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and filariasis are co-endemic. Previous studies in animal models of infection have shown that sand fly saliva enhance infectivity of Leishmania parasites in naïve hosts while saliva-specific adaptive immune responses may protect against cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. In contrast, the human immune response to Phlebotomus duboscqi (Pd) saliva, the principal sand fly vector in Mali, was found to be dichotomously polarized with some individuals having a Th1-dominated response and others having a Th2-biased response. We hypothesized that co-i…

Post-traumatic Curvularia sp. arthritis in an immunocompetent adult.

A 44-year-old woman, victim of a road accident in Mali was diagnosed with left knee arthritis. Joint effusion aspiration and subcutaneous surgical biopsies were positive for a melanized asexual ascomycete. Using microscopy and molecular biology, the fungus was identified as Curvularia sp. In vitro antifungal susceptibility was determined by the EUCAST broth microdilution reference technique and by E-test. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B before posaconazole relay. Mycological samples obtained 10 days after starting the antifungal therapy by liposomal amphotericin B were ne…

Guinea worm (Dracunculiasis) eradication: update on progress and endgame challenges.

The International Commission for the Certification of Dracunculiasis Eradication (ICCDE) met in December to review progress towards eradication. The status of the programme was presented by WHO and The Carter Center, Atlanta. The Commission received reports from international certification teams that Cote d'Ivoire, Niger and Nigeria were free of transmission and should be certified, while four countries, namely Chad, Ethiopia, Mali and South Sudan, remained endemic. The Commission certified that Somalia and South Africa were free of transmission. During 2013, there was a decline of about 78% i…

[Vitamin A deficiency among children in Brazil and worldwide].

Based on a ten-year literature review, this paper describes important aspects of Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) among children in Brazil and worldwide. It presents VAD within a clinical and sub-clinical deficiency context, emphasizing this as a public health issue. VAD has been diagnosed in children from several parts of Brazil, especially in the Southeast and Northeast. Worldwide, the highest VAD prevalence is found in parts of parts of Africa: Mali, Ethiopia and Nigeria, and clinical indications noted especially in parts of Asia and Africa. However, no studies of clinical indications were locate…

[Role of cryptosporidiosis in diarrhea among hospitalized adults in Bamako].

Etiologies of infectious diarrhoeas in hospitalised adults have been studied during one year; research of cryptosporidium and isospora oocysts is being made with Henriksen-Pohlenz and Kato methods. Diarrhoea is associated with a positive HIV serology in 40% cases. Cryptosporidium spp is found in 38% of cases. In 91% cases of cryptosporidiosis HIV serology is positive. Cryptosporidiosis is the main cause of AIDS diarrhoeas in Mali. 3 cases of isosporiasis are associated with cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients. Emaciation and dehydration are the main signs of severity. Diarrhoea's profusion, its…

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Pyrazol-5-yl-quinoline-2-carboxamide Derivatives as Potential Fungicidal Agents.

Fungal infections in agricultural crops can lead to significant reductions in both yield and quality. To identify more potential fungicides, pyrazol-5-yl-quinoline-2-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their fungicidal activities. The bioassay results indicated that compound C-10 exhibited lower EC50 values of 1.71 and 4.92 mg/L against Gaeumannomyces graminis and Valsa mali compared to fluxapyroxad (EC50 = 1.93 and 12.45 mg/L, respectively). The results of the molecular docking and SDH enzymatic inhibition assays could explain the potential action mechanism o…

From the Library of the Late Irving I. Gottesman: Memories and Treasures/Twin Research Reviews: Twin Study of Callous-Unemotional Traits; Depressive Symptoms in Prospective Chinese Twin Mothers; Twins With Sagittal Suture Craniosynostosis; Creative Expressiveness and Educational Achievement/Media Reports: Male-Female Twin Holocaust Survivors; Nontuplets Born in Mali; Indian Twins Marry Same Man; Twins Born From Longest-Frozen Embryos; Infant Twin Abduction; Twins Born in Different Years.

The experience of going through the personal library of our late esteemed twin research colleague, Dr Irving I. Gottesman, is described. I c … researchers and the general public include male-female twin Holocaust survivors, nontuplets born in Mali, Indian twins who married the same man, twins born from the longest frozen embryos, an infant twin abduction and twins born in different years.

High Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum K13 Mutations in Rwanda Is Associated With Slow Parasite Clearance After Treatment With Artemether-Lumefantrine.

In Southeast Asia, mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum K13 gene have led to delayed parasite clearance and treatment failures in patients with malaria receiving artemisinin combination therapies. Until recently, relevant K13 mutations had been mostly absent from Africa. Between 2018 and 2019, a phase 2 clinical study with 186 patients was conducted in Mali, Gabon, Ghana, Uganda, and Rwanda. Patients with malaria were randomized and treated with artemether-lumefantrine or cipargamin. Here we report an allele frequency of 22% for R561H in Rwanda and associated delayed parasite clearance. Notw…

Obstetric Fistula "Disease" and Ensuing Care: Patients' Views in West-Africa.

We explored obstetric fistula patients' real-life experience of care in modern Health System. Our aim was to analyze how these women's views impacted their care uptake and coping. We conducted 67 in-depth interviews with 35 fistula patients or former patients in 5 fistula repair centers within referral hospitals in Mali and Niger. Perceptions of obstetric fistula influenced the care experience and vice versa. Obstetric fistula was viewed as a severe chronic disease due to length of care process, limitation of surgery and persisting physical and moral suffering. We highlight the opportunity to …