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Behavioral and hypnotic treatments for insomnia subtypes.

This investigation compared progressive muscle relaxation plus cognitive distraction (PMR/CD), hypothesized to better improve sleep onset, versus sleep restriction and stimulus control (SR/SC), hypothesized to better improve sleep maintenance, versus a flurazepam (Dalmane) positive contrast condition (MED) and a sleep hygiene education minimal treatment control condition (SHE). Participants with chronic insomnia (N = 53), completed 2 baseline weeks of sleep diaries, and were randomly assigned to a treatment group for 2 more weeks. In the second phase, PMR/CD participants were assigned to 2 wee

The regulated-breathing method for stuttering: an experimental evaluation.

The regulated-breathing method of Azrin and Nunn (1974) appears to be one of the most promising treatments of stuttering in adults. Their study, however, has some methodological limitations. In particular no operational definition of stuttering is provided, and all measures of stuttering are based on self-report. The present study is an experimental evaluation of the regulated-breathing method. Thirty-two subjects were randomly assigned either to treatment or to a waiting-list control group. The treatment was completed during one single session of 2-3 hours. Both frequency of stuttering and ra

Effects of four treatment methods on agoraphobic women not suitable for insight-oriented psychotherapy.

Seventy-three agoraphobic women rated unsuitable for insight-oriented psychotherapy, entered one of four randomly assigned types of treatment for 3 months. All patients received basal therapy in the form of standardized information, self-exposure instructions and anxiolytic medication. One group received this treatment only at monthly appointments (B). The others, in addition, received either therapist-directed prolonged exposure in vivo (PE), dynamically oriented supportive therapy (ST) or relaxation therapy (R). There was a 9-month follow-up period. All groups were about equally improved at …

Guided imagery relaxation in quality of life of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a quasi-experiment.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the relaxation technique with guided imagery by means of virtual reality on health-related quality of life in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.MethodsA quasi-experiment conducted in a Bone Marrow Transplantation Service of a public hospital in southern Brazil. From October 2019 to October 2020, forty-two adult participants who underwent transplantation were included, 35 in the intervention group and seven in the control group. A guided imagery intervention, with audio guiding the relaxation associated with

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… Guided imagery relaxation therapy is based on the mind-body connection. It is a low-cost, safe and easy-to-apply intervention that leads the individual to create mental images which bring tranquility and comfort. … therapy with guided imagery is a safe intervention option, with positive evidence, and which can be part of Nursing care plans promoting comprehensive care. …

Time-varying moderation of treatment outcomes by illness duration and comorbid depression in generalized anxiety disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To extend the sparse literature on moderators, we used time-varying effect modeling (TVEM; Tan, Shiyko, Li, Li, & Dierker, 2012) to examine how depressive symptoms and duration of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) moderated effects of 3 treatments for GAD (applied relaxation [AR], cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT], and nondirective therapy [ND]) over time using intensive repeated measures. METHOD: In a secondary analysis of Borkovec and Costello (1993), 66 GAD clients were randomly assigned to AR (n = 23), CBT (n = 23), or ND (n = 20). Clients received 12 therapy sessions over 6

Predictive values of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony for CRT response in heart failure patients with different pathophysiology.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patients with different pathophysiology may influence mechanical dyssynchrony and get different ventricular resynchronization and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Ninety-two dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and fifty ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients with gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) were included in this retrospective study. Patients were classified based on the concordance between the left ventricular (LV) lead and the latest contraction or relaxation position. If the LV lead was l

Endothelial-Specific Overexpression of Histone Deacetylase 2 Protects Mice against Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We recently described a novel regulatory role for histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in protecting endothelial cells from oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL)-induced injury. In this study, we examined the effects of endothelial-specific HDAC2 overexpression on endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation and atherogenesis in vivo. METHODS: Endothelial-specific HDAC2-overexpressing transgenic mice (HDAC2-Tg) were generated under control of the Tie2 promoter. An atherosclerosis model was produced by injecting HDAC2-Tg and wild-type (WT) mice with adeno-associated virus encoding a PCSK9

A Multicomponent Educational and Rehabilitation Approach in Optimizing Outcomes During the Poststroke Subacute Phase.

BACKGROUND: Poststroke patients often experience cognitive impairments, motor weakness, and difficulties in daily activities. A multicomponent educational-rehabilitation approach offers a holistic treatment by integrating cognitive and motor training with relaxation, adaptive skills training, and motivational components. Despite its potential benefits, there is limited evidence supporting its effectiveness during the subacute stroke phase. This study evaluates the impact of this approach on cognitive functions, upper extremity motor skills, and daily activity independence during the subacute p

Van Wyk-Grumbach Syndrome with Kocher-Debré-Sémélaigne Syndrome: Case Report of a Rare Association.

BACKGROUND: Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome (VWGS) is a rare presentation of juvenile hypothyroidism which manifests in females as chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism, isosexual pseudoprecocious puberty, and multicystic ovaries. It uniquely presents with short stature and delayed bone age unlike other causes of precocious puberty. Kocher-Debré-Sémélaigne (KDSS) is a rare presentation of juvenile hypothyroidism manifesting as calf muscle pseudohypertrophy, delayed contraction and relaxation of reflexes, and percussion myxedema. OBJECTIVES: To diagnose the rare association of VWGS and KDSS and to condu

Update on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Achalasia.

Achalasia is a rare disease of the esophagus with impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and aperistalsis. The etiology is unknown but speculations include a viral or autoimmune etiology. All specialists dealing with swallowing and esophageal diseases should recognize the classic symptoms of dysphagia for solids/liquids, regurgitation, and choking, especially at night. High-resolution manometry is critical for the diagnosis with endoscopy and barium esophagram having a supportive role. The disease cannot be cured but most can return to near normal swallowing and a regular diet w

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Multicomponent Therapy in Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic painful condition partly due to alterations in pain modulation by the central nervous system. Multicomponent therapy (MT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have both been reported as pain modulators in patients with FM. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of rTMS on pain with a combination of MT and rTMS versus MT alone. METHODS: Thirty-nine FM patients with visual analog scale (VAS) results for pain of ≥40 mm were randomized to active or sham rTMS (high-frequency, primary motor cortex M1) plus 12 weeks of MT (3 sess

Managing daytime sleepiness with the help of sleepcoaching, a non-pharmacological treatment of non-restorative sleep.

PURPOSE: To measure the effect of a 2-day sleepcoaching seminar on daytime sleepiness and sleep-related variables of shift workers employed in an Austrian railway company (ÖBB: Österreichische Bundesbahnen). METHOD: Participants filled in pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, containing items of the PSQI and the ESS, questions about chronotype, personality factors and possible burnout risk factors. About 30 shift workers, working in shifts for more than 300 months on average (28 male; mean age = 24 ± 45.90, age range 24-56 years) voluntarily took part in the investigation twice. Sleep co

Palmtop computer-assisted group therapy for social phobia.

This article describes the application of group computer-assisted therapy for social phobia. The computer program includes a diary function for ongoing self-monitoring of anxiety as well as guidance on the practice of relaxation, cognitive restructuring, and self-control desensitization. Although the program was originally designed to treat individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), it was hypothesized that the program also would be effective for individuals with social phobia; therefore, it was implemented in a group of individuals with a primary diagnosis of GAD or social phobia. W

Equal Improvement in Men and Women in the Treatment of Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Using a Multi-modal Protocol with an Internal Myofascial Trigger Point Wand.

Both men and women require treatment for urologic chronic pelvic pain syndromes (UCPPS), which includes interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, pelvic floor dysfunction, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. However, it is unknown if men and women respond differently to a protocol that includes specific physical therapy self-treatment using an internal trigger point wand and training in paradoxical relaxation. We performed a retrospective analysis by gender in a single arm, open label, single center clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a p

Cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia with or without attention training: a controlled trial.

The Self-Regulatory Executive Function model [S-REF; Wells, A., & Matthews, G. (1996). Modelling cognition in emotional disorder: the S-REF model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 881-888] proposes that metacognitive beliefs, inflexible self-focused attention, and perseverative thinking (rumination and worry) play an important role in maintaining emotional dysfunction. Attention training [ATT; Wells, A. (1990). Panic disorder in association with relaxation induced anxiety: an attentional training approach to treatment. Behavior Therapy, 21, 273-280] is a technique designed to increase atten

A pilot protocol for conditioning music-cued relaxation responses in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasties.

BACKGROUND: Orthopedic patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasties-to treat chronic joint pain-frequently experience significant pain. Music therapy (MT) has demonstrated non-pharmaceutical benefits for reducing postoperative pain and associated perioperative anxiety. However, a study of approaches and timing is needed to enhance patient care. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative study examined the effects of a conditioned MT intervention on pre/postoperative pain and anxiety among patients undergoing shoulder surgery. As part of a larger quantitative randomized controlled trial, this paper specifical

Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise, Jacobson's Relaxation Technique and Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization on Gastrointestinal and Psychological Causes of Noncardiac Chest Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Despite the availability of studies, there is a lack of available literature on the treatment of psychological and gastrointestinal causes of noncardiac chest pain (NCCP). Physiotherapeutic techniques involving diaphragmatic breathing, Jacobson's relaxation and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) could address these causes through the activation of parasympathetic system. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the combined effect of diaphragmatic breathing, Jacobson's relaxation and DNS along with pharmacological therapy on patients with gastrointestinal and psychological causes o

Oxygen-Enhanced R2* Weighted MRI and Diffusion Weighted MRI of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer Lymph Nodes in Prediction of 2-Year Outcome Following Chemoradiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the utility of HNSCC LN R2* relaxation times to infer the oxygenation status of LN non-invasively at baseline and when breathing air and 100% oxygen to predict chemoradiotherapeutic locoregional response at 2 years. Hypoxia within LNs has been associated with poorer outcomes following CRT. Deoxyhaemoglobin decreases MRI transverse relaxation time (T2*) (lengthening inverse, R2*). METHODS: A total of 54 patients underwent 1.5T-MRI before CRT. Conventional MR sequences were supplemented with T2* sequences breathing both air and 100% oxygen; pathological nodes identified

The Effect of Tibetan Singing Bowls on Stress Reduction: A Heart Rate Variability Study.

Music therapy, especially Tibetan Singing Bowls (TSB) rooted in ancient practices, holds promise for enhancing mental well-being and autonomic regulation through their unique acoustic properties and therapeutic vibrations. Previous research indicated that TSB could influence physiological responses, including heart rate variability (HRV), a significant indicator of autonomic nervous system activity (ANS) and stress. This study aimed to study the impact of TSB on HRV. The Polar Ignite Series 1 wristwatch continuously measured Heart Rate (HR). Eight participants, aged 20-22, were recorded throug

Rapid multiparametric quantitative MRI for predicting the activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: combination with clinical characteristics.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the feasibility of synthetic MRI (syMRI), one kind of rapid multiparametric quantitative MRI, and assess the predictive value of combining the syMRI parameters with clinical features for predicting the activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data and syMRI images were prospectively collected from 136 patients with TAO (72 active and 64 inactive) and 30 healthy controls. Two radiologists outlined the extraocular muscles (EOMs), orbital fat, and lacrimal glands. The clinical features and imaging parameters were compared between