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Pyridoxine challenge reflects pediatric hypophosphatasia severity and thereby examines tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase's role in vitamin B6 metabolism.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is detected in most human tissues. However, ALP activity is routinely assayed using high concentrations of artifi … muscle weakness and rickets or osteomalacia. Thus, HPP associates the "bone" isoform of TNSALP with biomineralization, whereas the physiological role of the "liver", "kidney", and other isoforms of TNSALP remains uncertain. Herein, to examine HPP's broad-ranging severity and the function of TNSALP, we administered an oral challenge of pyridoxine (PN) hydrochloride …

Successful treatment approaches for tumoral calcinosis in children and young people: A condition of diverse pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Ectopic calcification is inappropriate biomineralization of soft tissues occurring due to genetic or acquired causes of hyperphosphataemia and rarely in normophosphataemic individuals. Tumoral Calcinosis (TC) is a rare metabolic bone disorder commonly presenting in childhood and adolescence with periarticular extra-capsular calcinosis. Three subtypes of TC have been recognised: primary hyperphosphataemic familial TC (HFTC), primary normophosphataemic familial TC and secondary TC most commonly seen in chronic renal failure. In the absence of established treatment, management is chal…

On Grounds of the Memory Effect in Amorphous and Crystalline Apatite: Kinetics of Crystallization and Biological Response.

Memory effects, despite being intrinsic to biological systems, are rarely potentiated in biomaterials. By exploring the transition between a … n ions and act as a mineral reservoir for the body. Being the precursor for biogenic apatite during biomineralization and a thermodynamically logical intermediate in the ripening of HAp per the Ostwald law of stages, ACP proved to be more prone to structural transformation than the final and the most stable of the CP phases in this sequence of events: HAp. Amorphiz …

Genetically engineered bacterial magnetosomes as optimized tracers for magnetic particle imaging.

Medical imaging relies on tracer materials to enable accurate visualization and diagnosis of diseases. Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an innovative tomographic modality that offers exceptional sensitivity and temporal resolution. These characteristics make MPI particularly promising for clinical applications such as real-time vascular and perfusion imaging, tumor detection, and intraoperative guidance. However, MPI performance has so far been limited by the quality of available tracers, as conventional chemical synthesis provides only restricted control over the size, shape, and magnetic p

Global stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa upon malonate utilization.

UNLABELLED: Versatility in carbon source utilization assists Pseudomonas aeruginosa in its adaptation to various niches. Recently, we characterized the role of malonate, an understudied carbon source, in quorum sensing regulation, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factor production in P. aeruginosa . These results indicate that global responses to malonate metabolism remain to be uncovered. We leveraged a publicly available metabolomic dataset on human airway and found malonate to be as abundant as glycerol, a common airway metabolite and carbon source for P. aeruginosa . Here, we explored

Heme Detoxification in the Malaria Parasite: A Target for Antimalarial Drug Development.

Over the last century, malaria deaths have decreased by more than 85%. Nonetheless, there were 405 000 deaths in 2018, mostly resulting from … rasite, however, is still not fully understood.In early work, we recognized hemozoin formation as a biomineralization process. We have subsequently investigated the kinetics of synthetic hemozoin (β-hematin) crystallization catalyzed at lipid-aqueous interfaces under biomimetic conditions. This led us to the use of neutral detergent-based high-throughput screening …

Emerging views of mitophagy in immunity and autoimmune diseases.

Mitophagy is a vital form of autophagy for selective removal of dysfunctional or redundant mitochondria. Accumulating evidence implicates el … : AICD: activation induced cell death; AIM2: absent in melanoma 2; ALPL/HOPS: alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated; AMA: anti-mitochondrial antibodies; AMFR: autocrine motility factor receptor; ATG: autophagy-related; BCL2L13: BCL2 like 13; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L/NIX: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding …

Advanced multifunctional thermo- and electro-stimulative hydrogels for bone regeneration.

Bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors, osteoporosis, and diabetes disrupt skeletal integrity and impair regeneration. The healing process involves inflammatory hematoma formation, callus development, and remodeling, coordinated by diverse cells and signaling pathways. Conventional grafts and inorganic implants are limited by donor scarcity, immune rejection, and low bioactivity, necessitating more effective repair strategies. Recently, multifunctional smart hydrogels have emerged as a frontier in bone regeneration due to their biocompatibility, tunable structure, and ability to inte

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… The key mechanisms underlying photothermal hydrogels in bone regeneration include the activation of heat shock proteins (HSPs), upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and enhanced cellular biomineralization. … Under MHT stimulation, the hydrogel upregulates heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) expression, stabilizes p-Akt, and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby enhancing osteogenesis and biomineralization. …

Mechanisms and Applications of Manganese-Based Nanomaterials in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy.

Tumors are the second most common cause of mortality globally, ranking just below heart disease. With continuous advances in diagnostic technology and treatment approaches, the survival rates of some cancers have increased. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the mechanisms underlying tumors, cancer remains a serious public health issue that threatens the health of the population globally. Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for the human body. Its regulatory role in tumor biology has received much attention in recent years. Developments in nanotechnology have led to the emergence

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… Liu et al. [ 73 ] described biomineralized MnO 2 nanoparticles (Bio-MnO 2 nanoparticles) prepared by a mild enzymatic reaction. Recombinant multicopper oxidase MnxEFG was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli . … MnxEFG was added to the biomineralization buffer and Bio-MnO 2 nanoparticles were obtained via a biomineralization process. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles was 101 nm, as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), with a polydispersity value of 0.122. …

Biomaterials from the sea: Future building blocks for biomedical applications.

Marine resources have tremendous potential for developing high-value biomaterials. The last decade has seen an increasing number of biomaterials that originate from marine organisms. This field is rapidly evolving. Marine biomaterials experience several periods of discovery and development ranging from coralline bone graft to polysaccharide-based biomaterials. The latter are represented by chitin and chitosan, marine-derived collagen, and composites of different organisms of marine origin. The diversity of marine natural products, their properties and applications are discussed thoroughly in t

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… Chitin-based scaffolds are also involved in calcium biomineralization and biosilica formation. These scaffolds provide the inspiration for biomimetic synthesis [ 32 ]. … In the future, molluscan shells may have broad applications in biomineralization [ 230 ]. Siliceous skeletal structures Silicon exists in nature as silicic acid. …

Hypophosphatasia.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) gene. Reduced activity of TNAP leads to the accumulation of its substrates, mainly inorganic pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, metabolic aberrations that largely explain the musculoskeletal and systemic features of the disease. More than 400 ALPL mutations, mostly missense, are reported to date, transmitted by either autosomal dominant or recessive mode. Severe disease is rare, with incidence ranging from 1:100,000 to 1:300,000 live births

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… Pathophysiology Biomineralization is a tightly regulated process by which the organisms produce mineralized tissues, such as bone and teeth [ 11 ]. … Hormonal regulation of biomineralization Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2021 17 261 275 10.1038/s41574-021-00477-2 33727709 12. Whyte M.P. Zhang F. Wenkert D. Mumm S. Berndt T.J. Kumar R. …

Micronutrient Status and Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, at the same time being one of the most prevalent causes of women's death. Many factors such as alcohol, weight fluctuations, or hormonal replacement therapy can potentially contribute to breast cancer development and progression. Another important factor in breast cancer onset includes micronutrient status. In this narrative review, we analyzed 23 micronutrients and their possible influence on breast cancer onset and progression. Further, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of micronutrient status on the prevention of b

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… A 2016 study by Romanjuk et al. showed the involvement of a pathological tissue biomineralization process in breast cancer progression [ 139 ]. … Biomineralization and intense inflammatory infiltration in ductal breast cancer are unfavorable histological markers [ 137 ]. The process of pathological biomineralization and its consequences in breast cancer are shown in Figure 1 . …

Advanced 3D Magnetic Scaffolds for Tumor-Related Bone Defects.

The need for bone substitutes is a major challenge as the incidence of serious bone disorders is massively increasing, mainly attributed to modern world problems, such as obesity, aging of the global population, and cancer incidence. Bone cancer represents one of the most significant causes of bone defects, with reserved prognosis regarding the effectiveness of treatments and survival rate. Modern therapies, such as hyperthermia, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and magnetic therapy, seem to bring hope for cancer treatment in general, and bone cancer in particular. Mimicking the composition of

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… A considerable number of scaffolds used in the synthesis stage, the concept of biomineralization, one of the clearest examples of natural process inspiration [ 200 , 201 ]. … Advances in biomineralization-inspired materials for hard tissue repair. Int. J. Oral Sci. 2021;13:42. doi: 10.1038/s41368-021-00147-z. 21. Ki J.M., Lin C., Stavre Z., Greenblatt M.B., Shim J.H. Osteoblast-Osteoclast Communication and Bone Homeostasis. …

Commercially available bioinks and state-of-the-art lab-made formulations for bone tissue engineering: A comprehensive review.

Bioprinting and bioinks are two of the game changers in bone tissue engineering. This review presents different bioprinting technologies including extrusion-based, inkjet-based, laser-assisted, light-based, and hybrid technologies with their own strengths and weaknesses. This review will aid researchers in the selection and assessment of the bioink; the discussion ranges from commercially available bioinks to custom lab-made formulations mainly based on natural polymers, such as agarose, alginate, gelatin, collagen, and chitosan, designed for bone tissue engineering. The review is centered on

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… . | Bone tissue engineering | Swelling decreased with Gel content; Degradation increased with Gel content; Apatite formation in 7 days; Tensile strength: 693 ± 15 kPa; Protein adsorption; Cell proliferation and attachment – day 7; Scaffold biomineralization. | No in vivo testing; Tensile strength low … Moreover, it was found that higher gelatin content significantly increased protein adsorption, cell metabolic activity, cell attachment, cell density, and cell proliferation, as well as biomineralization. …

The Bone Extracellular Matrix as an Ideal Milieu for Cancer Cell Metastases.

Bone is a preferential site for cancer metastases, including multiple myeloma, prostate, and breast cancers.The composition of bone, especially the extracellular matrix (ECM), make it an attractive site for cancer cell colonization and survival. The bone ECM is composed of living cells embedded within a matrix composed of both organic and inorganic components. Among the organic components, type I collagen provides the tensile strength of bone. Inorganic components, including hydroxyapatite crystals, are an integral component of bone and provide bone with its rigidity. Under normal circumstance

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… During biomineralization, OPN can bind directly to hydroxyapatite crystals, an inorganic component of the bone matrix, and inhibit mineralization [ 87 ]. … Importance of Phosphorylation for Osteopontin Regulation of Biomineralization Calcif Tissue Int. 2005 77 45 54 10.1007/s00223-004-1288-1 16007483 PMC1451414 86. Shevde L.A. Samant R.S. …

LncRNA CASC15 serves as a diagnostic biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporotic fractures and its knockdown enhances HBMSC osteogenic differentiation via miR-152-3p.

OBJECTIVE: Long non-coding RNA CASC15 plays a role in the development of various human diseases. However, the diagnostic role and molecular mechanisms of CASC15 in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) remain unclear. METHODS: This study enrolled 137 healthy postmenopausal women and 141 PMOP patients. CASC15 and miR-152-3p levels in serum and HBMSCs were measured via RT-qPCR. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were employed to analyze the protein and mRNA expression levels of osteogenic markers (RUNX2, ALP, OCN, Col I). CASC15's diagnostic value was assessed by the ROC curve. Proliferation (CCK-8) and

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… Biomineralization potential and biological properties of a new tantalum oxide (Ta( 2 )O( 5 ))-containing calcium silicate cement. Clin Oral Investig. 2022;26(2):1427–41. 51. Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Spiezia F, Tingart M, Maria PG, Riccardo G. …

Melanoma bone metastasis-induced osteocyte ferroptosis via the HIF1α-HMOX1 axis.

Osteocytes are the main cells in mineralized bone tissue. Elevated osteocyte apoptosis has been observed in lytic bone lesions of patients with multiple myeloma. However, their precise contribution to bone metastasis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the pathogenic mechanisms driving melanoma-induced osteocyte death. Both in vivo models and in vitro assays were combined with untargeted RNA sequencing approaches to explore the pathways governing melanoma-induced osteocyte death. We could show that ferroptosis is the primary mechanism behind osteocyte death in the context of melanoma bone m

Oncolytic virus-based hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: Current status, intravenous delivery strategies, and emerging combination therapeutic solutions.

Current treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have limited success in improving patients' quality of life and prolonging life expectancy. The clinical need for more efficient and safe therapies has contributed to the exploration of emerging strategies. Recently, there has been increased interest in oncolytic viruses (OVs) as a therapeutic modality for HCC. OVs undergo selective replication in cancerous tissues and kill tumor cells. Strikingly, pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa-Vec) was granted an orphan drug status in HCC by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013.

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… Biomineralization-based OV systemic delivery system for HCC therapy The efficacy of Ads for local HCC gene therapy has been confirmed [67 , 68] . However, the disadvantages of Ad systemic delivery include antiviral immune response, innate immunity and nonspecific isolation caused by some organs. … However, biomineralization can enhance virus-mediated gene transfer, protect OVs from hepatic sequestration and reduce the innate immune response. The Fox example, ZD55-IL-24, is engineered Ads expressing IL-24 [127 , 128] . …

A Case of Syphilis with High Bone Arsenic Concentration from Early Modern Cemetery (Wroclaw, Poland).

Venereal syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum - Gram-negative, slowly growing bacteria. The spread of the disease in the Old World was due to increased birth rate, urban population growth, migration and lack of knowledge concerning the epidemiology. In the past, the treatment was mainly symptomatic and included application of mercury compounds. The goal of the study was to present the case of advanced venereal syphilis found in early modern (16th-18thc) graveyard localized in Wroclaw, Poland. The object of the study is a cranium of a male whose age at death h

Organelle-oriented nanomedicines in tumor therapy: Targeting, escaping, or collaborating?

Precise tumor therapy is essential for improving treatment specificity, enhancing efficacy, and minimizing side effects. Targeting organelles is a key strategy for achieving this goal and is a frontier research area attracting a considerable amount of attention. The concept of organelle targeting has a significant effect on the structural design of the nanodrugs employed. Most notably, the intricate interactions among different organelles in a tumor cell essentially create a unified system. Unfortunately, this aspect might have been somewhat overlooked when existing organelle-targeting nanodru