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Seroepidemiology of Rickettsia conorii in dogs in Portugal: a comprehensive 12-year retrospective study (2013-2024).

BACKGROUND: Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF), caused by Rickettsia conorii, is a zoonotic tick-borne disease of important public health concern, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin. Dogs serve as key sentinels for MSF due to their exposure to vector ticks and close contact with humans. To date, no comprehensive study in Portugal has investigated epidemiological risk factors in dogs infected with or exposed to R. conorii. METHODS: Seropositivity to R. conorii was determined using an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with titres categorised as negative, low positive, moderate positi

Co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases and metabolic disorders in familial mediterranean fever patients: review of literature and case reports.

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease predominantly affecting populations from the Mediterranean region, with a high prevalence reported among Armenians, Turks, Arabs, and Jews. The condition results from mutations in the MEFV gene, which encodes pyrin, a key regulator of inflammation. Both genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the diverse clinical manifestations of FMF, which are characterized by recurrent episodes of fever, abdominal pain, chest pain, arthritis, and erysipelas-like erythema. In addition to these symptoms, individuals wit…

An Appraisal of the Oleocanthal-Rich Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) and Its Potential Anticancer and Neuroprotective Properties.

Dietary consumption of olive oil represents a key pillar of the Mediterranean diet, which has been shown to exert beneficial effects on human health, such as the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases like cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. These health benefits are partly mediated by the high-quality extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), which is produced mostly in Mediterranean countries and is directly made from olives, the fruit of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Preclinical evidence supports the existence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties exerted by t

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… These results confirmed a high degree of variability in the content of phenolic compounds among EVOOs and attested that the antioxidant activity and nutraceutical value of EVOOs also depend on the biodiversity that characterizes the olive groves of the Mediterranean Region, especially those from the … Region. …

Differing Effects of Vinegar on Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) and Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) Stings-Implications for First Aid Protocols.

The jellyfish species that inhabit the Mediterranean coastal waters are not lethal, but their stings can cause severe pain and systemic effe … ct of vinegar and seawater on the nematocyst discharge process in two species representative of the Mediterranean region: Pelagia noctiluca (Scyphozoa) and Carybdea marsupialis (Cubozoa), by means of (1) direct observation of nematocyst discharge on light microscopy (tentacle solution assay) and (2) quantification of hemolytic area (tentacle skin blood agarose assay). …

Meatal obstruction following canal wall down mastoidectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate for the first time in Spain if the association between obesity and breast cancer prognosis is similar to that reported in other countries with non Mediterranean dietary patterns. METHODS: Weight and height and other variables of interest, tumor characteristics and current clinical status 3 yr after diagnosis were retrieved from medical files of breast cancer women diagnosed during 2006. A total of 159 cases with complete information were studied and categorized according to the World Health Organization criteria in normal-/under-weight, overweight, and obese. RESULTS:

Consanguinity and genetic diseases in North Africa and immigrants to Europe.

Endemic diseases are caused by environmental and genetic factors. While in this special issue several chapters deal with environmental factors, including infections, the present focus is on genetic causes of disease clustering due to inbreeding and recessive disease mechanisms. Consanguinity is implying sharing of genetic heritage because of marriage between close relatives originating from a common ancestor. With limited natural selection, recessive genes may become more frequent in an inbred compared with an outbred population. Consanguinity is common in North Africa (NA), and the estimates

A pilot beta-thalassaemia screening program in the Albanian population for a health planning program.

In Albania, no definite national screening programme of beta-thalassaemia has yet been developed for carrier detection. Only limited information about the occurrence and the types of haemoglobin abnormalities is available. Thus, an educational and screening programme was carried out in one high school with a total of 217 young students from the coastal province of Lushnja in Albania. The pilot programme included a systematic sampling of whole saliva, DNA genomic extraction and the determination of defective beta-thalassaemia genes by reverse dot-blot hybridization with 22 probes specific for t

Checklist of the hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) fauna of Hungary with emphasis on host-associations and the emergence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus.

Hungary is situated in the southern part of Central Europe, next to the northern boundary of the Mediterranean region. This geographical position may allow the northward expansion of Mediterranean ixodid tick species into Hungary, particularly in the era of warming climate. During the past 14 years numerous surveys have been published on the species and activity of hard ticks occurring in the country. However, it was 60 years ago that the last comprehensive review of ixodid ticks of Hungary was published, and only in Hungarian language. The purpose of the present checklist is to provide a comp…

Vitamin D deficiency in solid-organ transplant recipients from a Spanish Mediterranean population.

BACKGROUND: Solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency, mainly caused by reduced sunlight exposure with subsequent low vitamin D synthesis in the skin. AIM: To analyse whether SOTRs from a Spanish Mediterranean region were vitamin D-deficient. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study in a transplantation-specialized Dermatological Unit from a Mediterranean area to determine the calcidiol levels of a cohort of 78 consecutively attending patients not receiving vitamin D supplements. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were determi…

[Epidemiologic features of Mediterranean spotted fever in Portugal].

Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is a tick-borne rickettsial disease. It is endemic in Portugal and Ricardo Jorge recognized it in 1930. Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the main vector and reservoir of the disease. In Portugal the etiologic agents are two strains of Rickettsia conorii complex: R. conorii Malish and "Israeli tick typhus". MSF is clinically characterized by a vasculitis process with the classical clinical triad of fever, rash, and lesion at the site of tick bite. Although the majority MSF cases are considered benign, last years some districts presented more severe cases than expect

Measles Elimination Successful and Its Relevant Challenges in Iran.

Measles is an infectious childhood disease with some death annually. The expansion of the coverage of vaccination plan has significantly reduced the mortality rate of this disease. Given that the endemic measles virus is not transmitted in the country and based on Regional Verification Commission (RVC) for Measles and Rubella Elimination has declared that measles and rubella have been eliminated in three countries of Eastern Mediterranean Region including Islamic Republic of Iran, Bahrain, and Oman. Therefore, to continue and preventing from reemerging of measles in Iran, it is essential to ma…

Global progress toward certifying polio eradication and laboratory containment of wild polioviruses--August 2002-August 2003.

Since the 1988 World Health Assembly resolution to eradicate poliomyelitis, the number of countries in which polio is endemic has declined from 125 to seven. These countries are in three of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions (i.e., African, Eastern Mediterranean, and South East Asian). The other three regions (i.e., Americas, European, and Western Pacific) were certified previously as polio-free. This report summarizes the progress made toward global certification of poliomyelitis eradication and implementation of measures to ensure laboratory containment of wild polioviruses (WPV

Surgical management of deep dermatophytosis in a patient with CARD9 deficiency.

Deep dermatophytosis is a dermal infection caused by Dermatophytes. It can cause deeper dermal dermatophytosis, Majocchi's granuloma, dermatophytic pseudomycetoma or a widespread infection. CARD9 deficiency is a known risk factor in the Mediterranean region, first reported in 1964 in Morocco. We report a case of 23-year-old man with a scarring alopecia who presented with subcutaneous abscesses topped off with a large ringworm infection. Mycotic analysis revealed a Trichophyton Rubrum deep dermatophytosis. The molecular study revealed a CARD9 mutation confirming dermatophytosis with parotid and…

Unusual localizations of hydatid cysts: a rare case report from Syria.

Hydatid disease (HD) is an infection with the metacestode stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus. It is commonly seen in South America, The Middle East, Eastern Mediterranean, Africa and China. Hydatid cysts usually affect the liver followed by the lungs. Involvement in other organs has been reported. However, in the majority of the cases, cysts are localized in one organ or one region. We report a rare case of a 36-year-old woman who presented to the hospital in Syria with long-standing history of non-specific abdominal pain. Computerized tomography showed several hydatid cysts in the liver, sple

Cystic Hydatidosis of the Rib-Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The hydatid disease is a zoonosis endemic to rural countries, such as those in the Mediterranean region, South America, North Africa, Central Asia and China. Hydatid cysts commonly affect liver and lungs, but less than 100 cases of costal hydatidosis have been reported in the literature. While diagnosis of the disease in commonly affected organs is relatively easy, uncommon locations can prove to be challenging as is the case with costal hydatidosis. Imaging techniques can suggest the diagnosis, but sometimes it remains uncertain until surgery. The treatment is surgical, assisted by long-time …

Ticks parasitizing humans in Greece.

In summer 2008, two fatal cases were observed in Northeastern Greece: a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) case (first report in Greece) and a Mediterranean spotted fever case. In total, 537 ticks removed from humans who referred for this reason to the two hospitals of the region during June-September 2008 were identified. The vast majority of them (81.5%) were Rhipicephalus sanguineus, which is the main vector of Rickettsia conorii, while Hyalomma marginatum, the main vector of CCHF virus, accounted for 5.2%. The increased aggressiveness of R. sanguineus might be related to the weather co

Enzymatic polymorphism during Leishmania/HIV co-infection: a study of 381 Leishmania strains received between 1986 and 2000 at the international cryobank in Montpellier, France.

Between 1986 and 2000, 381 Leishmania strains isolated from 288 HIV-positive patients were studied at the international cryobank in Montpellier, France. Most (95.1%) of the strains came from cases of visceral leishmaniasis but 4.9% were from HIV-positives with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The majority of the strains came from patients infected in the Mediterranean region, with a few originating in sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Isoenzymatic characterization revealed 28 zymodemes in four different species: L. infantum (which was predominant), L. donovani, L. major and L. guyanensis. The stra…

Rupture of Hydatid Cyst in the Gallbladder Leading to Acute Cholangitis.

Hydatid disease is a health problem in endemic areas such as the Mediterranean region caused by Echinococcus granulosus which can develop anywhere in the human body, but it is most frequently located at the liver. Liver hydatid cyst may rupture into the biliary tract, thorax, peritoneum, viscera, digestive tract, or skin, but its rupture in the gallbladder remains rare. We report a rare case of rupture of liver hydatid cyst in the gallbladder leading to acute cholangitis. The diagnosis was suspected on radiological imaging, and the patient was taken to open surgery which confirmed the imaging …

[Epidemiology of human bilharziasis].

Schistosomiasis is endemic in three continents: Africa, where Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni and S. intercalatum are present; tropical America and some of the the Caribbean islands, where the only parasite of this type is S. mansoni; Mediterranean Asia (S. haematobium, S. mansoni) and the Far-East (S. japonicum, S. mekongi). Schistosomal infestation is distributed in foci of warying size and significantly differs in prevalence, intensity and therefore morbidity from one region to another. Despite the successes obtained in the neutralization of certain foci, the great plasticity of the hos

An Interdisciplinary Intervention Based on Prescription of Physical Activity, Diet, and Positive Mental Health to Promote Healthy Lifestyle in Patients with Obesity: A Randomized Control Trial.

This study used a multimodal approach to address the issue of obesity among individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 30 and 40 residing in a rural region of north-east Spain. A pretest-posttest model was employed in a clinical trial design, comparing an intervention group with a control group. The intervention, which lasted for a period of nine months, was based on three main strategies: the prescription of physical activity, the promotion of healthy nutritional habits, and the management of emotional wellbeing through Positive Mental Health (PMH). A variety of assessment tools were em