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Glaucoma and Systemic Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Brain-Eye Continuum.

UNLABELLED: Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and visual field loss. It … systemic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) pose immense healthcare and socioeconomic burdens. The concept of the "eye as a window to the brain" arises from the fact that the retina and optic nerve are direct extensions of the central nervous system (CNS). This has positioned the eye as …

A dual effect of ursolic acid to the treatment of multiple sclerosis through both immunomodulation and direct remyelination.

Current multiple sclerosis (MS) medications are mainly immunomodulatory, having little or no effect on neuroregeneration of damaged central nervous system (CNS) tissue; they are thus primarily effective at the acute stage of disease, but much less so at the chronic stage. An MS therapy that has both immunomodulatory and neuroregenerative effects would be highly beneficial. Using multiple in vivo and in vitro strategies, in the present study we demonstrate that ursolic acid (UA), an antiinflammatory natural triterpenoid, also directly promotes oligodendrocyte maturation and CNS myelin repair. O…

Distinct immunomodulatory and migratory mechanisms underpin the therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells in autoimmune demyelination.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are efficacious in a variety of intractable diseases. While bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) have been widely investigated, MSCs from other tissue sources have also been shown to be effective in several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In the present study, we simultaneously assessed the therapeutic efficacy of human BM-MSCs, as well as MSCs isolated from adipose tissue (Ad-MSCs) and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (UC-MSCs), in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Prior to in vivo experiments, w…

Dystonia in a 13-year-old boy with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

We report a patient who developed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) at 8 years old, and then had a progressive clinical course and dystonia. Dystonia of the patient is probably due to a lesion of the basal ganglia. Abnormal posture or movement disorder is very rarely found in MS, and progressive clinical course is also rare in childhood. The patient is worthy of attention because of his childhood onset, progressive clinical course and dystonia.

Therapeutic promise of carotenoids as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in neurodegenerative disorders.

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis have various disease-specific causal factors and pathological features. A very common characteristic of NDs is oxidative stress (OS), which takes place due to the elevated generation of reactive oxygen species during the progression of NDs. Furthermore, the pathological condition of NDs including an increased level of protein aggregates can further lead to chronic inflammation because of the microglial activation. Carotenoids (CTs) ar…

d) описательный обзор руководящих принципов клинической практики применения процедур физической терапии и реабилитации при управлении множественным склерозом.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное расстройство, характеризующееся нейроинфламмацией и прогрессивным нейродегенерацией, приводящее к значительным физическим и когнитивным расстройствам. Реабилитация, в частности физиотерапия, стала одним из важнейших компонентов решения проблемы инвалидности, связанной с НР, за счет повышения мобильности, сокращения усталости и общего качества жизни. В настоящем докладе рассматриваются нынешние международные руководящие принципы физиотерапии и реабилитации для РС. В результате поиска литературы в базах данных (январь 2010 года -- август 2025

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration, leading to significant physical and cognitive impairments. Rehabilitation, particularly physical therapy, has emerged as a crucial component in managing MS-related disability by improving mobility, reducing fatigue, and enhancing ove…

Premature Ventricular Contractions and Cardiomyopathy while on Ofatumumab for Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia.

UNLABELLED: Ofatumumab is a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of recurrent and progressive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and was recently approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. We describe the case of a 68-year-old man who presented with complaints of irregular pulse readings while undergoing ofatumumab treatment for recurrent CLL. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) demonstrated premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) which eventually caused cardiomyopathy and failed to resolve despite ablative therapy. Ofatumumab-induced PVCs are confirmed in this case by the existence of do…

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis - a review of current knowledge and recent research.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system that is characterised by inflammatory damage to the myelin sheath. Though often neglected, cognitive impairment is a common feature of MS that affects 43-70% of patients. It has a sophisticated neuroanatomic and pathophysiologic background and disturbs such vital cognitive domains as speed of information processing, memory, attention, executive functions and visual perceptual functions. In recent years there has been growing interest in neuroimaging findings with regard to cognitive impairment in MS. The po…

Treatment options for atypical optic neuritis.

CONTEXT: Optic neuritis (ON) is defined as inflammation of the optic nerve and can have various etiologies. The most common presentation in the US is demyelinating, or "typical" ON, usually associated with multiple sclerosis. This is in contrast to "atypical" causes of ON, which differ in their clinical presentation, management, and prognosis. These atypical cases are characterized by lack of eye pain, exudates, and hemorrhages on exam, very severe, bilateral or progressive visual loss, or with failure to recover vision. AIMS: The aim was to describe the clinical presentations of atypical ON …

Gene expression changes underlying cortical pathology: clues to understanding neurological disability in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with an unknown etiology. The clinical disease course is variable, with the majority of patients experiencing reversible episodes of neurological disability in the third or fourth decade of life, eventually followed by a state of irreversible progression. Continuous axonal and neuronal loss is thought to be the major cause of this progression. Over the last decade, extensive research has targeted the gray matter and its role in MS pathogenesis. While pathological and imaging studies have begun…

[Suddenly developing low output syndrome during acute thoracic aortic dissection surgery in a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis].

A 70-year-old man with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) suddenly developed low output syndrome (LOS) after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass during acute thoracic aortic dissection and died in an early postoperative stage because of multiple organ failure. PSS was kept in a relatively good condition before onset of his surgical disease, but his Raynaud's phenomenon was much worse and inflammation findings were very severe before his operation. We suspected that PSS might have been involved in LOS in this case. PSS has many cardiac complications, for example spasm or organic changes of co

Implications of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and JC virus for the etiology of MS.

JCV infects oligodendrocytes and, to a lesser extent, astrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and causes the demyelinating disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunocompromised individuals. The possibility exists that this opportunistic infection reactivates from a latent state in the brain. It is proposed that the pathogenetic immune response in a multiple sclerosis (MS) brain may be directed predominantly toward antigens of a DNA virus, such as JCV, which is latent in glial cells. The target antigens could be synthesized only during transient viral reactivati…

Разрушение иммунного гомеостаза: новая роль макрофага ферроптоза в аутоиммунных болезнях.

Аутоиммунные заболевания являются классом хронических расстройств, характеризующихся аберрантной активацией иммунной системы, где макрофаги играют центральную роль в регулировании иммунной реакции во время возникновения и развития болезни. Ферроптоз, один из видов запрограммированной смерти клеток, зависящих от железа, в последнее время вызвал значительный интерес в связи с его участием в различных патологических условиях. В макрофагах ферроптоз не только подрывает жизнеспособность клеток, но и нарушает иммунную гомеостазию, поощряя воспаление и подавляя пути борьбы с воспалением, усиливая тем

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Autoimmune diseases are a class of chronic disorders characterized by the aberrant activation of the immune system, where macrophages play a … ng rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Furthermore, we discuss potential therapeutic targets related to macrophage ferroptosis in these conditions. By integrating current knowledge, this review aims to provide a theoretical framework and novel perspect …

Advancing the Frontiers of Multiple Sclerosis Management: Emerging Immunotherapeutic Strategies.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal loss in the CNS. Despite significant therapeutic advancements, MS remains incurable, especially the progressive forms like Primary Progressive MS (PPMS), due to a lack of understanding of the disease mechanisms and inadequate translational models. METHODS: This narrative review assesses literature on MS pathophysiology, phenotypes, diagnostic issues, and new immunotherapeutic strategies, analyzing preclinical and clinical evidence regarding biologics, neuropr…

Glucocorticoid Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis Patients Induces Anti-inflammatory Polarization and Increased Chemotaxis of Monocytes.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by the infiltration of mononuclear cells into the CNS and a subsequent inflammation of the brain. Monocytes are implicated in disease pathogenesis not only in their function as potential antigen-presenting cells involved in the local reactivation of encephalitogenic T cells but also by independent effector functions contributing to structural damage and disease progression. However, monocytes also have beneficial effects as they can exert anti-inflammatory activity and promote tissue repair. Glu…

One-year follow-up to a randomized controlled trial of an energy conservation course for persons with multiple sclerosis.

In this randomized controlled trial, 169 persons with multiple sclerosis were randomly assigned to an immediate intervention group or a delayed control group using a crossover design. The outcome measures (Fatigue Impact Scale and SF-36 Health Survey) were measured four times before and after courses. This study investigated whether the immediate benefits of a 6-week, community-based, energy conservation course for persons with multiple sclerosis were maintained at 1-year follow-up. We performed intent-to-treat and compliers-only analyses using mixed effects analysis of variance models. Result…

Evaluation of MRI asymptomatic gadolinium-enhancing lesions conversion to persistent black hole with high‑dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic black holes (CBHs) on T1-weighted MRI signify irreversible axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVES: This research evaluated the potential of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) pulse therapy to prevent asymptomatic contrast-enhancing lesions (CELs) from progressing to chronic black hole (CBHs). METHODS: In a double‑blind controlled randomized trial during the study period of 2019-2021, 102 people with relapsing-remitting MS with at least one symptom-less contrast-enhancing lesion were randomized into two groups to receive an infusion of methylprednisolone (…

The Embedding of a Specialized Nurse Practitioner Palliative Care Clinic within a Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center.

People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) face an uncertain future as the nature of the disease can be progressive and unpredictable, leading to chronic serious symptomatology impacting quality of life. Serious illness discussions and symptom management should be part of routine care in all outpatient neurology clinics. Yet few standard clinical approaches to palliative care exist for this population. Providers frequently lack understanding about when to incorporate specialist palliative care. The MS-Support project established a specialized nurse practitioner (NP)-led palliative care clinic embed…

К лечению множественных склерозов

Множественный склероз (MS) является воспалительным и демиелинизирующим заболеванием центральной нервной системы (CNS). У большинства пациентов болезнь начинается с острого наступления, за которым следует этап ремиссии, последующие рецидивы и позднее переход к устойчивой хронической прогрессии. В меньшинстве пациентов эта постепенная фаза развивается с самого начала. Для рецидивов MS характерно в основном деновое образование побочного повреждения CNS и инфильтрация иммунных клеток, в то время как патологические особенности MS прогрессирования включают медленно расширяющиеся повреждения, глобаль

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In most patients, the disease starts with an acute onset followed by a remission phase, subsequent relapses and a later transition to steady chronic progression. In a minority of patients, this progressive phase develops from the beginning. MS relapses are …

Extracellular Matrix-Derived Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP): Implications in Systemic Sclerosis and Fibrosis.

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intracellular molecules released under cellular stress or recurring tissue injury, which serve as endogenous ligands for toll-like receptors (TLRs). Such DAMPs are either actively secreted by immune cells or passively released into the extracellular environment from damaged cells or generated as alternatively spliced mRNA variants of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins. When recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as TLRs, DAMPs trigger innate immune responses. Currently, the best-characterized PRRs include, in addition to T