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Scrub typhus-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

BACKGROUND: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, typically occurring after infections or vaccinations. To our knowledge, scrub typhus has not been described in association with ADEM. CASE REPORT: A 77-year-old man was admitted with fever, convulsions and an altered level of consciousness. On neurological examination, the patient was stuporous and had nuchal rigidity and left hemiparesis. A generalized tonic-clonic seizure was observed. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were positive for anti-Orientia tsutsugamushi…

In vitro reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 upon stimulation with scrub typhus rickettsial infection.

While a number of microbial infections induce a transient burst in viral load in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), a recent study has suggested that scrub typhus may suppress HIV-1 infection. We investigated the effects of Orientia tsutsugamushi on HIV-1 infection. In vitro HIV-1 infection experiments were conducted using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) acutely infected with R5 and X4 HIV-1 or PBMC derived from patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) whose plasma viral load was undetectable. Stimulation of PBMC with O. tsutsugam…

Possible scrub typhus coinfections in Thai agricultural workers hospitalized with leptospirosis.

Possible coinfections with Orientia tsutsugamushi the causative agent of scrub typhus, were prospectively evaluated in rice farmers hospitalized with leptospirosis in Northeast Thailand. Of 22 adults with leptospirosis diagnosed by the microscopic agglutination test, 9 also had serologic evidence of scrub typhus. Of 9 individuals with possible coinfections, 5 had signs or symptoms typical of scrub typhus and atypical of leptospirosis. Patients who appeared to have mixed infections had significantly higher median platelet counts and significantly lower median serum bilirubin and creatinine conc…

Естественная болезнь цуцугамуши на островах Нан Пэн Ли в Китае.

ЦЕЛЬ: Изучение естественных причин заболевания цуцугамуши, заболеваемость которым возросла на островах Нань-Пэн Ли в Китае, где эта болезнь ранее не регистрировалась. Мы записали естественный фасо и изолированный организм цутсугамуши (O. tsutsugamushi). Мы также изучали профилактические меры. Результаты: Эти острова имели природную основу южной субтропической зоны. Основными носителями и векторами были Rattus Norvegicus и Leptotrombidium deliens (L. deliens), соответственно. Сезонные тенденции изменения в количестве " Рэттус норвегикус " и " Лептотромбиум делььен " соответс

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: To investigate natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease whose incidence has increased in the Nan Peng Lie Islands in China, an area where this disease has not been previously recorded. METHODS: We recorded the natural foci and isolated Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) organism. We also studied prevention measures. RESULTS: These islands ha…

[Tick-borne rickettsioses in the Americas: clinical and epidemiological advances, and diagnostic challenges].

Rickettsioses are a group of zoonotic diseases caused by strict intracellular bacteria of the genus Rickettsia and Orientia which belong to the Rickettsiaceae family. Their ecology is influenced by environmental factors and the presence of specific vectors that determine the establishment and epidemiology in different world regions. In America, during the 20 th century, only three of these diseases were recognized: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, epidemic typhus and endemic typhus. However, since 2000, more than 10 different species that had previously been unknown in this continent have been de…

Review of the aetiologies of central nervous system infections in Vietnam.

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Vietnam, with many studies conducted to determi … y known to cause CNS infections in Vietnam but have been detected in neighbouring countries such as Orientia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi and Leptospira species and how these may contribute to the unknown causes in Vietnam. We anticipate that this review may help guide future public health measures to reduce the burden of known pathogens and broaden tes …

Two complicated cases of severe scrub typhus, eschar- a non-negligible sign: Case reports and literature review.

RATIONALE: Scrub typhus is a mite-borne, acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. The endemic areas of scrub typhus are expanding, both globally and in China. Patients who are not treated promptly, are likely to die of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. PATIENT CONCERNS: Case I A 61-year-old female patient complained of sudden chest tightness and shortness of breath accompanied by fever for 6 days. Case II A 54-year-old male patient complained of fever and cough for 4 days and renal insufficiency for 2 days. DIAGNOSES: Scrub typhus, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. INTE…

A case of acute encephalitis syndrome and cranial nerve palsy secondary to scrub typhus: A rare presentation from Western Nepal.

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: This case report highlights the importance of considering scrub typhus as a differential diagnosis for acute encephalitis with cranial nerve palsy in the region of the tsutsugamushi triangle. ABSTRACT: Scrub typhus is a zoonotic rickettsiosis caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. This disease is endemic to a region called the tsutsugamushi triangle that extends from Southeast Asia to the Pacific Ocean. We report a 17-year-old girl from western Nepal who presented with fever, headache, vomiting, and altered sensorium, as well as bilateral lateral rectus palsy, d…

[Surveillance of Chiggers Density in the Republic of Korea, 2022].

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease in autumn. Scrub typhus is spread to people through bites of infected chiggers (larval mites) with Orientia tsutsugamushi. The symptoms are fever, headache, and sometimes rash. In order to survey occurrence of chiggers in the Republic of Korea, chiggers were collected weekly at 18 locations nationwide from August 24 to December 14 in 2022. The number of chiggers collected per trap was calculated for comparison. The period of increasing of chiggers was hurried by 2 weeks compared to 2021. Moreover, after showing the highest occurrence (week 45), it decre…

Annotated world checklist of the Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae (17582021) (Acari: Trombiculoidea), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution.

The superfamily Trombiculoidea is a large and diverse group of acarines that comprises six families; of these, the families Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae are characterized by larvae commonly known as chiggers that are parasites of terrestrial vertebrates, including humans, and some species are of medical importance as vectors of chigger-borne rickettsiosis (scrub typhus), caused by the rickettsia Orientia tsutsugamushi. This paper presents an annotated checklist of 3,013 generally accepted chigger species, together with their distribution by zoogeographic region, and a non-comprehensive l…

Lateral Flow Rapid Test for Accurate and Early Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus: A Febrile Illness of Historically Military Importance in the Pacific Rim.

Scrub typhus (ST) is an infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Historically, ST was ranked as the second most important arthropod-borne medical problem only behind malaria during World War II and the Vietnam War. The disease occurs mainly in Southeast Asia and has been shown to emerge and reemerge in new areas, implying the increased risk for U.S. military and civilian personnel deployed to these regions. ST can effectively be treated by doxycycline provided the diagnosis is made early, before the development of severe complications. Scrub Typhus Detect is a lateral flow rapid test based …

Scrub typhus in Bhutan: a synthesis of data from 2009 to 2014.

Scrub typhus is an acute, febrile illness, caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, that affects millions annually in the endemic Asia-Pacific region. In untreated cases, the case-fatality rates range from 6% to 35%. In Bhutan, there was a probable outbreak in Gedu in 2009, which resulted in heightened awareness of the disease. Nevertheless, information on scrub typhus in Bhutan is limited and scattered and the epidemiology has yet to be established. To report the current picture of scrub typhus in Bhutan, this review gathered data from scholarly databases, surveillance reports, the Ann…

Rickettsial diseases.

Rickettsiae are a rather diverse collection of organisms with several differences; this prohibits their description as a single homogenous group. Rickettsiae are maintained in nature through a cycle involving reservoir in mammals and arthropod vectors. The public health impact of these on lives or productivity lost is largely unmeasured, but suspected to be quite high worldwide. The diseases caused by Rickettsia and Orientia species are often collectively referred to as rickettsioses. Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever is still frequently categorized as rickettsial disease. New or emergin…

Bilateral simultaneous facial palsy following scrub typhus meningitis: a case report and literature review.

Scrub typhus is widely distributed across the Asia-Pacific region, Taiwan included. The clinical manifestations and complications of scrub t … escent phase, which improved after the administration of a steroid. The diagnosis of infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi was confirmed by the Taiwan Center of Disease Control and the tests for Leptospira, Rickettsia typhi and Coxiella burnetii were all negative. This case indicates that scrub typhus needs to be included in the differential diagnoses of c …

Development and evaluation of a latex agglutination test for the rapid diagnosis of scrub typhus.

The purpose of this research was to develop a simple and rapid diagnostic test for scrub typhus using a latex agglutination test (LAT) to detect antibodies against Orientia tsutsugamushi. Five strains of O. tsutsugamushi were propagated in L929 cells. The rickettsiae were purified and concentrated with percoll density gradient centrifugation. A suitable concentration of O. tsutsugamushi soluble antigen was used to sensitize latex to prepare the latex antigen. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the latex antigen were assessed. The LAT, indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA), …

Болезнь Кавасаки с болезнью цуцугамуши: два случая.

Ряд микроорганизмов были гипотезы как аэтология болезни Кавасаки. К сожалению, до сих пор не было сообщено ни о каком конкретном агенте, который представил бы воспроизводимые доказательства. Мы сообщаем о двух случаях крайне редкой болезни Кавасаки с болезнью цуцугамуши. Эти сообщения свидетельствуют о том, что болезнь Кавасаки редко встречается одновременно или сразу же после рикетсиальной болезни, такой, как болезнь цуцугамуши.

Comparative morphology and ultrastructure of the prosomal salivary glands in the unfed larvae Leptotrombidium orientale (Acariformes, Trombiculidae), a possible vector of tsutsugamushi disease agent.

The prosomal salivary glands of the unfed larvae Leptotrombidium orientale (Schluger) were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. In total, four pairs of the prosomal glands were identified--three pairs, the lateral, the medial and the anterior, belong to the podocephalic system, and one pair, the posterior, is separate having an own excretory duct. All glands are simple alveolar/acinous with prismatic cells arranged around a relatively small intra-alveolar lumen with the duct base. The cells of all glands besides the lateral ones contain practically mature electron-dense secreto

Scrub typhus-induced serious gastric ulcer bleeding.

A 67-year-old woman presented with melena and general weakness. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy revealed multiple ulcers and projectile bleeding in the stomach. She also complained of a 10-day history of a fever and was diagnosed with scrub typhus based on a positive result of the eschar polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. She fully recovered with endoscopic hemostasis, and administration of minocycline and omeprazole. In a patient with GI manifestations, scrub typhus, a condition with pathologically systemic vasculitis, should be considered in the possible background in endemic are