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Clinical Impact and Genetic Analysis of Enteric Viruses Associated With Acute Gastroenteritis in Greater Accra, Ghana: A Comprehensive Study of Five Viruses.

Enteric viruses are significantly associated with acute gastroenteritis globally. Despite a decrease in severe rotavirus associated diarrhoea, Ghana still records high diarrhoea burden. Meanwhile aetiological investigations in hospital settings do not routinely include viral testing. Rotavirus vaccination is thought to alter enteric viral populations and impact evolution. To better understand virus-specific effects in acute gastroenteritis in both children and adults, we tested fecal samples from 228 patients at two hospitals in Accra from January to December 2019, using multiplex and singlepl…

On the lookout for influenza viruses in Italy during the 2021-2022 season: Along came A(H3N2) viruses with a new phylogenetic makeup of their hemagglutinin.

AIMS: To assess influenza viruses (IVs) circulation and to evaluate A(H3N2) molecular evolution during the 2021-2022 season in Italy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 12,393 respiratory specimens (nasopharyngeal swabs or broncho-alveolar lavages) collected from in/outpatients with influenza illness in the period spanning from January 1, 2022 (week 2022-01) to May 31, 2022 (week 2022-22) were analysed to identify IV genome and were molecularly characterized by 12 laboratories throughout Italy. A(H3N2) evolution was studied by conducting an in-depth phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene se…

Inactivation of pathogenic viruses by plant-derived tannins: strong effects of extracts from persimmon (Diospyros kaki) on a broad range of viruses.

Tannins, plant-derived polyphenols and other related compounds, have been utilized for a long time in many fields such as the food industry and manufacturing. In this study, we investigated the anti-viral effects of tannins on 12 different viruses including both enveloped viruses (influenza virus H3N2, H5N3, herpes simplex virus-1, vesicular stomatitis virus, Sendai virus and Newcastle disease virus) and non-enveloped viruses (poliovirus, coxsachievirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, feline calicivirus and mouse norovirus). We found that extracts from persimmon (Diospyros kaki), which contains ca. 22…

Review of the literature on avian influenza A viruses in pigeons and experimental studies on the susceptibility of domestic pigeons to influenza A viruses of the haemagglutinin subtype H7.

The scientific literature of the past century is reviewed on fowl plague (presently termed highly pathogenic avian influenza, HPAI) in pigeons. HPAI viruses cause epidemic disease outbreaks with high rates of losses in many avian species, particularily in chickens and turkeys. Also susceptible to disease are quails, guinea fowl, ducks, geese, ostriches, passerine birds, and birds of prey whereas conflicting reports on the susceptibility of the domestic pigeon exist. Based on literature reports and on own experiments, and applying as criteria for judgements clinically overt forms of disease, vi…

Viruses detected in the caecum contents of healthy pigs representing a new genetic cluster in genogroup II of the genus "Norwalk-like viruses".

Viruses of the genus 'Norwalk-like viruses' (NLVs) detected in humans have been genetically classified into two major genetic groups, genogroups I and II (GI and GII), which together are made up of at least 14 genetic subgroups. However, a comparable classification of NLVs in other species remains to be carried out. We sequenced a 2-kb region from within the RNA polymerase gene to the 3' end of open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of two NLV strains previously detected in the caecum contents of healthy pigs. The sequences of the entire ORF2 of these two NLV strains were analyzed for their genetic relat…

Prevalence of Influenza Viruses A and B, Adenovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Human Metapneumonia Viruses among Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection.

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. The majority of acute respiratory infections in children are caused by viruses, with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being the most frequently encountered. Other important viral pathogens include human metapneumovirus, human coronaviruses, adenovirus, and influenza. These infections can lead to complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia. So, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of influenza viruses A and B, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), …

Toscana, West Nile, Usutu and tick-borne encephalitis viruses: external quality assessment for molecular detection of emerging neurotropic viruses in Europe, 2017.

BackgroundNeurotropic arboviruses are increasingly recognised as causative agents of neurological disease in Europe but underdiagnosis is still suspected. Capability for accurate diagnosis is a prerequisite for adequate clinical and public health response.AimTo improve diagnostic capability in EVD-LabNet laboratories, we organised an external quality assessment (EQA) focusing on molecular detection of Toscana (TOSV), Usutu (USUV), West Nile (WNV) and tick-borne encephalitis viruses (TBEV).MethodsSixty-nine laboratories were invited. The EQA panel included two WNV RNA-positive samples (lineages…

Genetic analysis of rubella viruses found in the United States between 1966 and 2004: evidence that indigenous rubella viruses have been eliminated.

Wild-type rubella viruses are genetically classified into 2 clades and 10 intraclade genotypes, of which 3 are provisional. The genotypes of 118 viruses from the United States were determined by sequencing part of the E1 coding region of these viruses and comparing the resulting sequences with reference sequences for each genotype, using the Bayesian inference program MRBAYES. Three genotypes of rubella viruses were found in the United States too infrequently to be considered for indigenous transmission. A fourth genotype was found frequently until 1981, and a fifth genotype was found frequent…

Гемедсорбция, выраженная клонированными генами Н из вирусов подводного склероза панэнцефалита (SSPE) и их возможных вирусов кори потомства, изолированных в Осаке, Япония.

Большинство вирусов склероза панэнцефалита (ССПЕ), включая наш осака-1, -2 и -3 штаммы, изолированные в Осаке, показали отрицательное кровопоглощение (HAD) африканскими зелеными красными кровяными клетками. Считается, что это вещество характерно для вируса SSPE по сравнению с позитивной реакцией стандартного Эдмонстонского штамма вируса кори (MV). Однако это предположение стало довольно неясным, потому что MV мутирует часто на генетическом уровне во время его умножения, а также потому, что недавние полевые штаммы, изолированные лимфобаластоидными линиями клеток, продемонстрировали отрицательны

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Most subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) viruses, including our Osaka-1, -2, and -3 strains isolated in Osaka, have shown negative hemadsorption (HAD) by African green monkey red blood cells. This property has been thought to be characteristic of SSPE virus as compared to the positive reaction of the standard Edmonston strain of measles virus (MV). Ho…

Genetic Characterization of Palyam Serogroup Viruses Isolated in Japan from 1984 to 2018 and Development of a Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for Broad Detection of Palyam Serogroup Viruses and Specific Detection of Chuzan (Kasba) and D'Aguilar Viruses.

We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 15 Palyam serogroup virus (PALV) strains isolated from cattle or Culicoides biting midges in J … ains in the other genome segments. Our data suggest that the Japanese MARV strains were reassortant viruses between Asian and Australian PALVs. In addition to the WGS, we developed a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay that can broadly detect PALV and specifically detect CHUV and DAGV, utilizing the data obtained by the WGS in …

Construction and Immunogenicity Evaluation of Recombinant Influenza A Viruses Containing Chimeric Hemagglutinin Genes Derived from Genetically Divergent Influenza A H1N1 Subtype Viruses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Influenza A viruses cause highly contagious diseases in a variety of hosts, including humans and pigs. To develop a vaccine that can be broadly effective against genetically divergent strains of the virus, in this study we employed molecular breeding (DNA shuffling) technology to create a panel of chimeric HA genes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Each chimeric HA gene contained genetic elements from parental swine influenza A viruses that had a history of zoonotic transmission, and also from a 2009 pandemic virus. Each parental virus represents a major phylogenetic clade of i…

Large outbreak of swine influenza in southern Japan caused by reassortant (H1N2) influenza viruses: its epizootic background and characterization of the causative viruses.

In the winter of 1989 and the spring of 1990, there were large outbreaks of respiratory disease in two swine herds in Nagasaki Prefecture, southern Japan. Serological surveillance indicated that the majority of swine possessed antibodies to swine influenza virus H1 haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of early H3N2 influenza virus strains. Eight viruses were isolated from swine that showed typical clinical symptoms of influenza. The haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of these isolates were closely related to those of swine H1N1 and early human H3N2 viruses, respectively. At least two types of haemag…

Comparison of whole genome sequencing approaches for Capripox viruses.

BACKGROUND: Direct whole genome sequencing of Capripox virus genomes from diagnostic samples is not always straightforward. Low viral content in a sample, biased sequencing and subsequent assembly and mapping methods may all influence the outcome. METHODS: In this study we have tested and compared six next generation sequencing approaches on a homogenized skin sample from a bull infected with LSDV. We compared enrichment vs. non-enrichment strategies, different library preparation methods, short read Illumina sequencing with long read sequencing methods. RESULTS: We found that methods that use

Viruses and vectors tied to honey bee colony losses.

Commercial beekeepers in the US reported severe colony losses early in 2025, as colonies were being staged for their critical role in the al … alyses suggest that direct collections of morbid bees provide a complementary diagnostic for causal viruses, a suggestion supported by inoculation experiments that successfully replicated observed pathologies. Since these viruses are known to be vectored by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, mites from collapsed colonies were in turn screened for resis …

Emerging Oncolytic Viruses: Beyond Adenoviruses and Herpes Simplex Virus.

Oncolytic virotherapy represents an innovative therapeutic modality in oncology, exploiting the selective tropism of viruses to target and eradicate malignant cells. Unlike conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, oncolytic viruses (OVs) exhibit a dual mechanism of action: direct tumor cell lysis and potent immune activation. This approach transforms tumors into in situ vaccines, generating durable anti-tumor immune memory. The field has garnered substantial attention following the regulatory approval of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), a genetically engineered he…

Insights Into monoclonal antibodies and vaccines targeting respiratory viruses.

INTRODUCTION: Viral respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, with lower respiratory trac … tegies and explores knowledge that can be translated from RSV management to other major respiratory viruses, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and parainfluenza. DISCUSSION: RSV has reshaped pediatric respiratory prevention through the development of monoclonal antibodies and maternal vaccination strategies, enabl …

Occurrence of Enteric Viruses in Multi-Component Salad Bowls.

The expansion of e-commerce and last-mile food delivery has created an increasingly relevant but understudied context for food safety surveillance. However, the occurrence of enteric viruses in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods within this distribution context remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the presence of enteric viruses in multi-component RTE salad bowls obtained through last-mile delivery. The study was designed to characterize the virological status of products received through this distribution pathway, without attributing any detected contamination specifically to the…