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[Historical sketch of modern pharmaceutical science and technology (Part 3). From the second half of the 19th century to World War II].

The history of modern pharmaceutical science and technology, from the second half of the 19th century to the end of World War II, is divided … ienic chemistry and some problems of public hygiene. The causes of diseses unique to Japan, such as beriberi (Katuke), were searched for in medical and agricultural laboratories. Dr. Suzuki discovered olizanine from rice bran, which was effective for deficiency of vitamin B1 disease. However, pharmaceutical scientists did not participate in this research. …

High Output Heart Failure in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenetic Considerations.

The high output heart failure is a clinical condition in which the systemic congestion is associated to a high output state, and it can be observed in a non-negligible percentage of hematological diseases, particularly in multiple myeloma, a condition in which the risk of adverse cardiovascular events may increase, with a worse prognosis for patients. For this reason, though an accurate literature search, we provided in this review a complete overview of different pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for high output heart failure in multiple myeloma. Indeed, this clinical finding is present in

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… most common causes of HOHF, through pathogenetic mechanisms of vasodilatation and/or artero-venous shunting, include severe anemia, arteriovenous fistulas (acquired and/or congenital), Paget’s disease with bone involvement exceeding 15%, chronic hypercapnia, hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, sepsis, beriberi … The most common causes of HOHF include severe anemia, arteriovenous fistulas (acquired and/or congenital), Paget’s disease, chronic hypercapnia, hyperthyroidism with thyrotoxicosis, sepsis, beriberi, obesity during pregnancy, chronic liver disease and carcinoid syndrome. …

Diagnostic and management dilemmas in pulmonary hypertension.

INTRODUCTION: Although current international guidelines provide comprehensive evidence-based guidance for the management of pulmonary hypertension, clinicians are still regularly faced with uncertainty regarding correct diagnosis and optimal treatment. METHODS: Ten diagnostic and management dilemmas were formulated by a panel of experts in the field of pulmonary hypertension. Current evidence was reviewed and a practical approach suggested for each dilemma. RESULTS: Diagnostic and management dilemmas discussed include pulmonary hypertension with high cardiac output, idiopathic pulmonary arte

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… First, several common conditions such as pregnancy, liver disease, anaemia and obesity (as well as less common diseases such as beriberi) are characterised by systemic vasodilation and reduced systemic vascular resistance (SVR). … | Beriberi | A therapeutic trial of intravenous thiamine should be considered in patients with an unexplained high output picture and excessive alcohol intake. …