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[Respiratory infections in Emergencies].

Respiratory infections account for 63.8% of infections met. Of which a quarter are lower respiratory tract: acute bronchitis, exacerbation of COPD or bronchiectasis and pneumonia. Acute bronchitis usually of viral etiology and in immunocompetent patients without comorbidity treatment is symptomatic with analgesics and anti-inflammatories. The main cause of exacerbation of COPD is the respiratory infection. The indication of empirical antibiotic choice and it is based on clinical criteria, the severity of the underlying disease, the severity of the exacerbation and the presence of risk factors …

Infections and Brain Development.

Several different bodies of evidence support a link between infection and altered brain development. Maternal infections, such as influenza and human immunodeficiency virus, have been linked to the development of autism spectrum disorders, differences in cognitive test scores, and bipolar disorder; an association that has been shown in both epidemiologic and retrospective studies. Several viral, bacterial, and parasitic illnesses are associated with alterations in fetal brain structural anomalies including brain calcifications and hydrocephalus. The process of infection can activate inflammato…

Osteoarticular Infections in Children.

For a child with a suspected bone or joint infection, knowledge of the workup and initial therapy is important to provide quality care. Fever and pain are hallmarks of a pediatric osteoarticular infection, although occasionally the signs and symptoms can be more subtle. The use of C-reactive protein to diagnose and validate effective management of treatment has become standard. Multiple reports confirm the success of much shorter intravenous (IV) courses than traditionally taught. The ideal IV and oral antibiotic duration, as well as defining the markers indicating need for surgical interventi

Worm Infections in Children.

• On the basis of research evidence, worm infections are important global child health conditions causing chronic disability that lasts from childhood into adulthood (Table 1). (2)(3) Evidence Quality: B • On the basis of research evidence, the major worm infections found in developing countries include ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infection, and schistosomiasis; toxocariasis, enterobiasis, and cysticercosis are also found in poor regions of North America and Europe. (4)(9)(13) Evidence Quality: B • On the basis of expert consensus, children and adolescents are often vulnerable to acquir…

Common childhood viral infections.

Infections caused by viruses are universal during childhood and adolescence. Clinicians will regularly care for children and adolescents who present with infections caused by a wide number of viral pathogens. These infections have varied presentations. Many infections may have clinical presentations that are specific to the infecting virus but present differently, based on the age and immunocompetence of the patient. Some children are directly impacted early in their lives when maternal disease results in an in utero infection (cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, or parvovirus B19). Other viruses …

[Diagnosis of maternofetal infections].

Prevention is an essential aspect of management of infections that can be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy: The prescription and interpretation of serologic markers differ according to clinical context: screening, counts, clinical signs, or ultrasound signs. Testing for rubella IgG antibodies is recommended at the beginning of pregnancy, in the absence of written results proving either immunity or previous vaccination with two doses. Monthly serologic monitoring (IgG and IgM) is recommended for woman lacking immunity to toxoplasmosis. Diagnosis of a primary infection requires …

Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article describes the clinical features and laboratory and imaging abnormalities of the protean neurologic disorders produced by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. Diseases include not only zoster, but also chronic pain (postherpetic neuralgia), meningoencephalitis and cerebellitis, single or multiple cranial nerve palsies (polyneuritis cranialis), myelopathy (myelitis and spinal cord infarction), and VZV vasculopathy of intracerebral and extracerebral arteries that causes ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, aneurysm, subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, arter

Phlebovirus infections in Greece.

Sandfly fever viruses are endemic in the Mediterranean region causing to humans asymptomatic or mild infections to severe neurological syndromes. In order to investigate the epidemiology of phlebovirus infections in Greece, samples from 499 patients with acute febrile illness (50.2% accompanied by neurological symptoms) were tested during 2010-2014 by serological and molecular methods. Phlebovirus infection was detected in 40 (8%) patients, 25 of them presenting acute neurological infection. Most cases were observed in the summer, with a peak in August. Increased number of cases was observed i…

Cancers mimicking fungal infections.

Primary and metastatic malignancies may occasionally mimic or coexist with cutaneous fungal infections. The authors report 3 cases of cancers that were initially presumed to be cutaneous fungal infections. Dermatologists should maintain a low threshold for skin biopsy in patients with persistent or refractory fungal infections.

[Neurosurgical material-associated infections].

Cerebrospinal fluid shunts (CSF) are frequently implanted in acute or chronic hydrocephalus. Intraoperative contamination is the main cause … treatment is based on high-doses parenteral antibiotherapy, and more often removing the CSF shunt. Infections of cochlear implant are less common, and rarely deep. They are treated surgically by cleaning the surgical site, and in combination with systemic antibiotics. Their conservative treatment can be a concern.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections.

Pulmonary infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognized worldwide. Although over 150 different species of NTM have been described, pulmonary infections are most commonly due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium abscessus. The identification of these organisms in pulmonary specimens does not always equate with active infection; supportive radiographic and clinical findings are needed to establish the diagnosis. It is difficult to eradicate NTM infections. A prolonged course of therapy with a combination of drugs is req…

Уртика и бактериальные инфекции.

Связь между уртикарией и инфекционными заболеваниями обсуждается на протяжении более 100 лет. Вместе с тем трудно установить причинно-следственную связь с основной или окатывающейся инфекцией. Цель этой работы заключалась в проведении систематического анализа опубликованных случаев уртикарии, связанной с бактериальными инфекциями. Мы приводим общую разбивку последних систематических обзоров и других важных публикаций о сложной связи уртики и бактериальных инфекций. Мы провели медлайновый поиск статей на английском языке, опубликованных до января 2014 года, используя ключевые слова "urticaria"

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The association between urticaria and infectious diseases has been discussed for >100 years. However, a causal relationship with underlying or precipitating infection is difficult to establish. The purpose of this work was to perform a systematic analysis of the published cases of urticaria associated with bacterial infections. We give an umbrella breakdown …

[Deep soft tissue infections].

The clinical presentations of deep soft tissue infections can, initially, mimicry superficial skin infections such as erysipelas. However, a rapidly deteriorating health status, the spreading of the lesions and the lack of clear visual limitation of the infection on the skin are hallmarks of a more severe underlying infection, which may endanger patients' life. An immediate adequate multidisciplinary approach to therapy within a few hours is mandatory. The first step is surgical exploration with debridement of all infected tissues, accompanied by antibiotic therapy and additional supportive me…

Cryptosporidium infections: molecular advances.

Cryptosporidium host cell interaction remains fairly obscure compared with other apicomplexans such as Plasmodium or Toxoplasma. The reason for this is probably the inability of this parasite to complete its life cycle in vitro and the lack of a system to genetically modify Cryptosporidium. However, there is a substantial set of data about the molecules involved in attachment and invasion and about the host cell pathways involved in actin arrangement that are altered by the parasite. Here we summarize the recent advances in research on host cell infection regarding the excystation process, att

Resistant gram-negative infections.

This article reviews the global crisis of resistant gram-negative bacilli in the intensive care unit. The authors discuss drugs used for treating these infections and the different strategies used to maximize the effect of antimicrobials.

Necrotizing soft tissue infections.

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are infrequent yet highly lethal infections, and a high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis. Diagnosing NSTIs early can be challenging, and knowledge of the available tools is essential to provide appropriate treatment. The mainstay of treatment is early and complete surgical debridement combined with antimicrobial therapy, close monitoring with further debridement as needed, and physiologic support. Mortality continues to be high, and delayed surgical treatment is the most important risk factor. For the long-term recovery of patients w…