Результаты поиска

T cell therapies for human polyomavirus diseases.

Rapid restoration of virus-specific T immunity via adoptive transfer of ex vivo generated T cells has been proven as a powerful therapy for patients with advanced cancers and refractory viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). BK virus (BKV), John Cunningham virus (JCV), and Merkel cell carcinoma virus (MCV) are the members of the rapidly growing human polyomavirus (hPyV) family that commonly infects most healthy humans. These viruses have a clearly established potential for causing severe end-organ damage or malignant transformation, especially in individua

Pharmacovigilance and PML in the oncology setting.

Methods developed by the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions project, the only state-funded pharmacovigilance program in the nation, are i … , brain biopsies, and autopsy materials from patients with lymphoma and PML who tested positive for JC virus. The investigation identified an association of rituximab-chemotherapy administration and PML, although a causal relationship remains an area of active investigation. Additional investigations evaluated the epidemiology of PML in the oncology settin …

The human polyomavirus, JCV, and neurological diseases (review).

JC virus, a human neurotropic polyomavirus, is the established etiologic agent of the fatal demyelinating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, which usually affects individuals with defects in cell-mediated immunity. Cytolytic destruction of oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the central nervous system is attributed as the mechanism by which JCV induces demyelination. PML was at one time a rare complication however it is now a much more common disease affecting patients of all ages due to the prevalence of AIDS. Of interest, in vitro evidence points to a cooperativ…

JC Polyomavirus Infection Potentiated by Biologics.

The risk of JC polyomavirus encephalopathy varies among biologic classes and among agents within the same class. Of currently used biologics, the highest risk is seen with natalizumab followed by rituximab. Multiple other agents have also been implicated. Drug-specific causality is difficult to establish because many patients receive multiple immunomodulatory medications concomitantly or sequentially, and have other immunocompromising factors related to their underlying disease. As use of biologic therapies continues to expand, further research is needed into pathogenesis, treatment, and preve

The Greater Affinity of JC Polyomavirus Capsid for α2,6-Linked Lactoseries Tetrasaccharide c than for Other Sialylated Glycans Is a Major Determinant of Infectivity.

UNLABELLED: The human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) establishes an asymptomatic, persistent infection in the kidneys of the majority of the population and is the causative agent of the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunosuppressed individuals. The Mad-1 strain of JCPyV, a brain isolate, was shown earlier to require α2,6-linked sialic acid on the lactoseries tetrasaccharide c (LSTc) glycan for attachment to host cells. In contrast, a JCPyV kidney isolate type 3 strain, WT3, has been reported to interact with sialic acid-containing gangliosides, but t

[Therapeutic possibilities for polyomavirus infections in renal transplantation].

TO IMPROVE THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT: The aim is the early detection of polyomavirus infection, before the onset of tubulo-interstitial nephritic lesions, and to reduce viral replication. AT THE STAGE OF POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTION: Treatment relies on the reduction of immunosuppression. Efficacy is controlled by monitoring the decoy cells in the urine and the detection and quantification of the DNA of polyomaviruses in the plasma and urine. AT THE STAGE OF POLYOMAVIRUS DISEASE: The aim is to reduce the viral replication by further decreasing immunosuppression to stabilize renal function and avoid gra

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in sarcoidosis successfully treated with pembrolizumab.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC virus infection. The disease can be seen in sarcoidosis patients without additional risk factors. Here, we present an individual with PML secondary to sarcoidosis treated with 8 doses of pembrolizumab, a Programmed Cell-Death-1 (PD-1) Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor who showed significant improvement. This report illustrates the objective clinical and radiological improvement in a patient with PML due to sarcoidosis, and suggests further study of immune checkpoint inhibito…

Прогрессивная многофукальная лейкоэнцефалопатия в множестве миеломы.

Прогрессивная многофукальная лейкоэнцефалапатия (ПМЛ) является редкой и часто смертельной болезнью центральной нервной системы, вызванной возобновлением вируса JC в контексте иммунной подавления, такой как ВИЧ, злокачественность и некоторые иммуноводные препараты. О ПМЛ сообщалось лишь редко у нескольких пациентов, страдающих миэломой, и его характерные черты и естественная история этой группы населения не хорошо известны. Мы описываем шесть случаев PML среди многих пациентов миэломы, которые лечились в нашем учреждении в период с 2013 по 2022 год, включая два случая, которые развивались в ход

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by reactivation of the JC virus in the context of immune suppression such as HIV, malignancy, and certain immunomodulatory medications. PML has been reported only rarely in multiple myeloma patients, and its presenting feature…

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an HTLV-I carrier.

This report describes a previously 28-year-old healthy woman, identified as an asymptomatic human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) carrier, who developed both progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. For diagnostic confirmation of PML, stereotactic brain biopsy demonstrated multiple demyelinating lesions with the presence of JC viral antigen. Intramuscular alpha-interferon therapy for 2 weeks brought considerable neurologic improvement. Three years later, the patient developed lymphoma-type of adult T-cell leukemia, suggesting that HTLV-I carrie

New features of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and natalizumab.

Over the past three decades, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) evolved from being a clinical rarity to become an important ca … nosis and management of patients with PML, based on the recent advances in the understanding of the JC virus biology and discuss potential methods to monitor disease evolution and predict outcome.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after fludarabine therapy for low-grade lymphoproliferative disease.

Fludarabine is becoming the initial therapy for low-grade lymphoproliferative malignancies, such as CLL and follicular lymphoma. Fludarabine is highly immunosuppressive in addition to being myelosuppressive and has been associated with neurotoxicity. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an infection with JC virus of the white matter of the central nervous system seen mostly in immunosuppressed patients. We describe two patients treated with fludarabine who developed PML. Immunolabeling was positive for JCV in both patients, but PCR was repeatedly negative in one of them. We sugg…

A rapid method for in situ hybridization for viral DNA in brain biopsies from patients with AIDS.

Brain biopsy is often necessary in the diagnosis of neurological complications found in AIDS patients. We describe here a rapid method of tissue preparation and in situ DNA hybridization for detecting JC virus DNA in frozen brain biopsy sections which allows the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy to be established on the day of surgery. Once the diagnosis is established, therapeutic and management decisions can be made more easily. The commercial availability of biotinylated probes for several of the DNA viruses most frequently encountered in brain infections of AIDS patie…

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy revisited: Has the disease outgrown its name?

Nothing is more disappointing for patients than when a promising new treatment hits a roadblock because of unexpected side effects. This is what happened when natalizumab (Tysabri) was associated with a few cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease patients, caused by the reactivation of the polyomavirus JC. These dramatic events drew PML squarely into the spotlight and generated considerable interest from the medical community, the pharmaceutical industry, financial markets, and regulatory agencies alike. This scrutiny, in turn, helped

Fulminant inflammatory leukoencephalopathy associated with HAART-induced immune restoration in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

HAART-induced immune restoration is beneficial for patients with AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). However, in … r admission. Autopsy showed two types of lesions: (1) active inflammatory PML changes with abundant JC virus, and intraparenchymal and perivascular infiltration by T lymphocytes, and (2) acute perivenous leukoencephalitis devoid of JC virus. Most lymphocytes were CD8(+) lymphocytes; CD4(+) lymphocytes were virtually absent. Two pathological reactions were …

Differentiation of highly pathogenic strains of human JC polyomavirus in neurological patients by next generation sequencing.

BACKGROUND: JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) persists asymptomatic in more than half of the human population. Immunocompromising conditions may cause reactivation and acquisition of neurotropic rearrangements in the viral genome, especially in the non-coding control region (NCCR). Such rearranged JCPyV strains are strongly associated with the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). METHODS: Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics tools, the NCCR was characterized in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; N = 21) and brain tissue (N = 16) samples from PML patients (N = 25)

[Fatal neurological side effect of anti-CD20 antibody treatment].

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, often fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by reactivation of John Cunningham virus (JCV). The case of a 59-year-old woman presenting with neurological disorders after treatment of her relapsed lymphoma with rituximab, among others, is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging showed fast-growing white matter lesions of both hemisphere and cerebellar that were neither space-consuming nor enhancing contrast media. Clinical and radiological suspicion of PML was confirmed by detection of JCV-DNA in cerebrospinal fluid. The pat

[Progress on pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoence-phalopathy].

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and lethal central nervous demyelinating disease caused by JC polyomavirus (JCV), particularly in patients with impaired immune system. The variation of JCV plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PML, including the recombination of non-coding regulatory region (NCCR), which is closely related to binding sites of transcription factors and affect the level of gene transcription. Nucleotide mutations in VP1 region determine the antigenicity and receptor specificity of JCV, play an important role in cell adsorption, immune-mediatio

Оценка риска возникновения ПМЖ, связанных с натализумабом.

Алгоритм риска для PML, связанный с натализумабом, был впервые разработан в 2012 году с использованием наблюдений, согласно которым состояние антитела вируса JC, продолжительная продолжительность наследственной терапии (>2 года) и предварительное воздействие иммунодепрессивной терапии повысили риск заболевания. До публикации алгоритма Biogen был создан алгоритм риска Fox и Rudick с использованием таблицы Excel для решения проблем их пациентов. На основе самых последних имеющихся данных, касающихся PML, связанных с натализумабом, были пересчитаны оценки риска для PML. Нынешние данные свидетельс

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The risk algorithm for natalizumab-associated PML was first established in 2012 using the observations that JC virus antibody status, prolonged duration of natalizumab therapy (>2 years), and prior exposure to immunosuppressive therapy increased the risk for the disease. Prior to the publication of Biogen's algorithm, a risk algorithm was created by Fox and …

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic mastocytosis treated with cladribine.

BACKGROUND: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare opportunistic brain infection caused by the human polyomavirus JC (JCPyV). A particular problem with the drug cladribine seems to be prolonged suppression of the CD4+ T-cells, a well-known risk factor for PML. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 67-year-old male presented with a 3-weeks history of unsteady gait, dysarthria and a dysfunctional right arm. Seven years earlier, he had been diagnosed with urticaria pigmentosa, and 2 years later aggressive systemic mastocytosis. Cladribine treatment was initiated and regarded effective, but the