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Interlaboratory comparison for the Filovirus Animal Nonclinical Group (FANG) anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The need for an efficacious vaccine against highly pathogenic filoviruses was reinforced by the devastating 2014-2016 outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia that resulted in over 28,000 cases and over 11,300 deaths. In addition, the 2018-2020 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo currently has over 3,400 cases and over 2,200 deaths. A fully licensed vaccine and at least one other investigational vaccine are being deployed to combat this EVD outbreak. To support vaccine development and pre-clinical/clinical testing a Filovirus Animal Nonclin…

Foreign Medical Teams in support of the Ebola outbreak: a UK military model of pre-deployment training and assurance.

We discuss the training methodology developed and utilised to prepare UK military medical teams to establish an Ebola Treatment Centre in Sierra Leone. We highlight the process of identifying and mitigating nosocomial risk in the Pre-Deployment Training process, encompassing the challenges of developing, training and assuring a capability at pace, which deployed to deliver high quality clinical care to patients with Ebola Virus Disease.

Incidence of symptomatic Lassa virus infection in West African countries (Enable 1.0 Lassa Research Study): a prospective, multisite, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Lassa fever vaccine trials are hampered by knowledge gaps on disease incidence, at-risk populations, sequelae, and transmission risks. We aimed to estimate symptomatic Lassa virus infection incidence in endemic areas and determine community Lassa fever case fatality risk (CFR), malaria co-infection, hearing loss in survivors, and household risk factors. METHODS: The Enable 1.0 Lassa Research Study was a prospective, multisite, cohort study conducted in 111 rural communities across Benin, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone, with documented Lassa fever transmission. Households were …

Impact of population ageing on cancer-related disability-adjusted life years: A global decomposition analysis.

BACKGROUND: As the global population ages, the burden of cancer is increasing. We aimed to assess the impact of population ageing on cancer-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). METHODS: We used the decomposition method to estimate the impact of ageing, population growth, and epidemiological change on cancer-related DALYs from 1990 to 2019, stratified by 204 countries/territories and by their sociodemographic index (SDI). This approach separates the net effect of population ageing from population growth and change in age-specific DALY rates. RESULTS: Cancer-related DALYs among indi

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… | −28.04 202 | Liberia | −43.84 | Liberia | −61.80 | Equatorial Guinea | −31.18 203 | Afghanistan | −61.62 | Afghanistan | −88.72 | Chad | −35.36 204 | Equatorial Guinea | −63.36 | Equatorial Guinea | −100.62 | Afghanistan | −43.72 Figure 3 Proportion of DALYs attributed to population ageing between … Interestingly, population ageing was linked to a decrease in cancer-related DALYs in several low-SDI countries such as Afghanistan, Guinea, and Liberia. …

Incorporation of cultural competencies ensured achievement of project goals across multiple states supported by Howard University Global Initiative, Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: Howard University has served as the technical lead for ensuring best practices in pharmacy services and systems across multipl … ram (CPARP) model now has global appeal with other countries especially in Africa such as Kenya and Liberia, South Africa replicating the framework. The Level-adjusted training for participants helped to achieve desired program objectives. CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of cultural competence into program design and implementation contributed to the achi …

Estimation of the correlates of protection of the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Zaire ebolavirus vaccine: a post-hoc analysis of data from phase 2/3 clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Establishment of immune correlates of protection can provide a measurable criterion for assessing protection against infection o … icipants with serology data from three phase 2/3 immunogenicity trials in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia (n=2199). Two of the trials were open-label, single-arm trials (one randomised [STRIVE], one non-randomised [FLW]); and one trial was randomised, placebo-controlled with two vaccine comparators (PREVAIL). Endpoints were total IgG antibody response ( …

Prevalence and Determinants of Early Adolescent Childbearing in High Maternal Mortality Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Analysis of DHS Data.

BACKGROUND: Preventable complications related to early adolescent childbearing continue to be a major contributor to maternal mortality in S … AOR = 1.9, 95% CI:1.7, 2.18), nonuser intend to use later (AOR=,1.4 95% CI: 1.32, 1.56), countries: Liberia (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI:1.3, 1.99) and Chad (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.82, 2.59) were positively associated with early adolescent childbearing whereas not having work (AOR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.99), not visited by community health worker (AOR = 0.8, 95% CI: …

Demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions: are they relevant to population health patterns in Africa?

BackgroundStudies of trends in population changes and epidemiological profiles in the developing world have overwhelmingly relied upon the concepts of demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions, even though their usefulness in describing and understanding population and health trends in developing countries has been repeatedly called into question. The issue is particularly relevant for the study of population health patterns in Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, as the history and experience there differs substantially from that of Western Europe and North America, for which these conce

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… Since the 1960s, many western African countries have also been submerged under PI, with notable civil wars in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Côte d'Ivoire, and a succession of military coups in Ghana and Burkina Faso. … This is particularly obvious when examining the availability of physicians, whose number per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004 was below the 1960 level in a number of countries (Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Liberia, Mozambique, and Sierra Leone). …

Multi-country assessment of residual bio-efficacy of insecticides used for indoor residual spraying in malaria control on different surface types: results from program monitoring in 17 PMI/USAID-supported IRS countries.

BACKGROUND: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is the application of insecticide to the interior walls of household structures that often serve … for PMI/USAID-supported IRS campaigns was measured in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The WHO cone bioassay tests were used to assess the mortality rate of mosquitoes exposed to insecticide-treated mud, wood, cement, and other comm …

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

BACKGROUND: Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, … countries; iron-deficiency anaemia in Somalia and Venezuela; depression in Uganda; onchoceriasis in Liberia; and other neglected tropical diseases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. INTERPRETATION: Ageing of the world's population is increasing the number of people living with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Shifts in the epidemiological profile …

Donor Evaluation for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Collection

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… Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor) Vietnam Angola Benin Burkina-Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Liberia … Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor) Vietnam | Angola Benin Burkina-Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea | Guinea-Bissau Kenya Liberia …

Doxycycline plus ivermectin versus ivermectin alone for treatment of patients with onchocerciasis.

BACKGROUND: Onchocerciasis, also known as "river blindness," is a parasitic disease that is caused by infection from the filarial nematode ( … longer. The studies were conducted at various centers across three countries (Cameroon, Ghana, and Liberia). We judged all studies to be at overall high risk of bias because of inadequate randomization and lack of masking (one study), missing data (two studies), and selective outcome reporting (three studies).Only one study measured visual outcomes. This …

Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Health systems need timely and reliable access to essential medicines and health commodities, but problems with access are commo … All studies were conducted in African (Tanzania, Kenya, Malawi, Ghana, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Zambia, Liberia, Uganda, South Africa, and Rwanda) and Asian (Pakistan and India) countries. Most of the interventions aimed to make data about stock levels and potential stockouts visible to managers, who could then take corrective action to address them. We ident …

Mapping Cancer in Africa: A Comprehensive and Comparable Characterization of 34 Cancer Types Using Estimates From GLOBOCAN 2020.

ObjectiveCancer incidence and mortality rates in Africa are increasing, yet their geographic distribution and determinants are incompletely characterized. The present study aims to establish the spatial epidemiology of cancer burden in Africa and delineate the association between cancer burden and the country-level socioeconomic status. The study also examines the forecasts of the cancer burden for 2040 and evaluates infrastructure availability across all African countries.MethodsThe estimates of age, sex, and country-specific incidence and mortality of 34 neoplasms in 54 African countries, we

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… 0.66 Guinea | 7,871 [7,297–8,490] | 116.6 | 90.7 | 5,888 [5,465–6,344] | 0.75 Guinea–Bissau | 1,127 [902–1,408] | 107.2 | 83.3 | 836 [679–1,029] | 0.74 Kenya | 42,116 [40,219–44,103] | 149.2 | 103.2 | 27,092 [25,708–28,550] | 0.64 Lesotho | 1,876 [1,711–2,057] | 109 | 74.8 | 1,256 [1,148–1,374] | 0.67 Liberia …

Phase IIB, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Intravenous Defibrotide for the Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Distress and Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: Endothelial dysfunction is key in COVID-19 pathogenesis. This randomized, double-blind phase IIb trial investigated continuous intravenous infusion of defibrotide in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection and respiratory failure. METHODS: One-hundred and fifty patients were randomized (2:1) to defibrotide or placebo, stratified by disease severity (WHO COVID-19 severity scale 4/5 vs. 6). The primary endpoint was clinical improvement time (days from first improvement through Day 30). RESULTS: Median clinical improvement time was not significantly different with defibrot

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… Dean , et al., “ Perceived Impacts of COVID‐19 Responses on Routine Health Service Delivery in Liberia and UK: Cross‐Country Lessons for Resilient Health Systems for Equitable Service Delivery During Pandemics ,” BMC Health Services Research 23 ( 2023 ): 304 , 10.1186/s12913-023-09162-8 . 36991477 PMC10057690 …

The burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors by state in the USA, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides a comprehensive assessment of health and ris … six countries had age-standardised rates of YLDs higher than the USA in 2021: Afghanistan, Lesotho, Liberia, Mozambique, South Africa, and the Central African Republic, largely because the impact of musculoskeletal disorders, mental disorders, and substance use disorders on age-standardised disability rates in the USA is so large. At the state level, eigh …

Decoding iron deficiency in cancer: mechanisms, immune modulation, and therapeutic potential.

Iron is a vital micronutrient in many biological functions, including DNA metabolism, oxygen transport, and cellular energy generation. In this context, it is intimately linked to cancer biology. However, although many studies have comprehensively investigated and reviewed the effects of excess iron on tumor initiation and progression, the potential interrelations of iron deficiency with tumors have been largely neglected and need to be better defined. Recent studies have highlighted the complex relationship between iron deficiency and tumor biology. Iron deficiency in specific tumor types can

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… For instance, among children aged 6 months to 5 years, ID rates range from 10.6% in Colombia to 26.1% in Liberia, with intermediate values observed in Cameroon (20.2%), Laos (18.4%), and Mexico (14.8%). …

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

BACKGROUND: How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill

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… | 62·2 (60·3–64·2) | 51·6 (50·1–53·0) | 59·3 (57·2–61·4) | 44·7 (42·2–47·1) | 53·8 (50·9–56·4) | 44·8 (42·6–46·9) | 51·9 (49·1–54·5) Guinea-Bissau | 52·1 (49·9–54·5) | 62·6 (60·3–64·9) | 45·5 (43·3–47·6) | 57·4 (55·1–59·7) | 44·6 (41·7–47·4) | 53·9 (50·8–56·8) | 39·8 (37·5–42·2) | 50·2 (47·4–52·8) Liberia … Guinea | 12·4 (11·8–13·0) | 13·1 (12·1–14·2) | 12·8 (12·2–13·4) | 12·2 (11·4–13·2) | 9·0 (8·1–10·0) | 9·7 (8·6–10·8) | 9·4 (8·6–10·3) | 9·1 (8·0–10·2) Guinea-Bissau | 11·3 (10·4–12·5) | 13·0 (11·8–14·5) | 9·6 (8·9–10·5) | 11·4 (10·6–12·1) | 8·2 (7·1–9·3) | 9·5 (8·2–10·7) | 7·0 (6·1–7·9) | 8·4 (7·4–9·3) Liberia …

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

BACKGROUND: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with e