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Cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity, molecular mechanism, challenges, and research trends.

Cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity (CTRC) encompasses a spectrum of cardiovascular complications associated with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiotherapy. This review synthesizes recent mechanistic insights to delineate distinct pathological pathways: anthracyclines provoke oxidative mitochondrial damage and disrupt cardiomyocyte iron homeostasis; HER2-targeted therapies inhibit the PI3K-Akt survival pathway, compromising contractile function and calcium regulation; tyrosine kinase inhibitors impair VEGF and PDGF signaling, inducing endothelial dysfunction and microvascular rarefa

Snail and Slug collaborate on EMT and tumor metastasis through miR-101-mediated EZH2 axis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Lung diseases, including COVID-19 and lung cancers, is a huge threat to human health. However, for the treatment and diagnosis of various lung diseases, such as pneumonia, asthma, cancer, and pulmonary tuberculosis, are becoming increasingly challenging. Currently, several types of treatments and/or diagnostic methods are used to treat lung diseases; however, the occurrence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy, drug-resistant bacteria, side effects that can be significantly toxic, and poor drug delivery necessitates the development of more promising treatments. Nanotechnology, as an emerging t

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… Functional carbon quantum dots as medical countermeasures to human coronavirus. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2019;11:42964–42974. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b15032. [200] Yuan Y, Cao D F, Zhang Y F, Ma J, Qi J X, Wang Q H, Lu G W, Wu Y, Yan J H, Shi Y, et al. …

Pathophysiology of Bone Loss in Patients with Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications for the Management of Bone Health: A Comprehensive Review.

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is a systemic therapy administered for the management of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Although ADT may improve survival, long-term use reduces bone mass density (BMD), posing an increased risk of fracture. Considering the long natural history of PCa, it is essential to preserve bone health and quality-of-life in patients on long-term ADT. As an alternative to pharmacological interventions targeted at preserving BMD, current evidence recommends lifestyle modifications, including individualized exercise and nutritional interventions. Exercise interventions i

Искусственный интеллект и машинное обучение в нейрогенной дисфункции нижних мочевых путей и травме спинного мозга: текущее состояние, новые технологии и этические перспективы.

Искусственный интеллект (АИ) и машинное обучение все чаще применяются во всех областях урологии, при этом особое значение придается нейрогенной дисфункции нижних мочевых путей (НЛУТД) у лиц с повреждениями спинного мозга (КВП). Кроме того, существуют особые перспективы в том, что касается лечения NLUTD — сложного, пожизненного состояния, затрагивающего людей с SCI, а также связанного с множественным склерозом, болезнью Паркинсона и другими неврологическими расстройствами. В этой статье содержится всеобъемлющий анализ нынешней и формирующейся роли МА в нейроурологии с уделением особого внимания

Cancer, immune suppression and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Need to manage drug safety (French Society for Oncology Pharmacy [SFPO] guidelines).

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting our health environment. As expected, studies highlighted the great susceptibility of cancer patients to COVID-19 and more severe complications, leading oncologists to deeply rethink patient cancer care. This review is dedicated to the optimization of care pathways and therapeutics in cancer patients during the pandemic and aims to discuss successive issues. First we focused on the international guidelines proposing adjustments and alternative options to cancer care in order to limit hospital admission and cytopenic treatment in cancer p

Innovative Biomaterials for the Treatment of Bone Cancer.

Bone cancer is a demanding challenge for contemporary medicine due to its high frequency of presentation and significant heterogeneity of malignant lesions developing within the bone. To date, available treatments are rarely curative and are primarily aimed at prolonging patients' survival and ameliorating their quality of life. Furthermore, both pharmacological and surgical therapies are aggravated by a consistent burden of adverse events and subsequent disability due to the loss of healthy bone structural and functional properties. Therefore, great research efforts are being made to develop

Charting the Current Landscape and Future Prospects of Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiovascular Toxicity in Cancer Survivors: From Bench to Bedside.

Cardio-oncology represents an emerging interdisciplinary discipline focusing on optimizing oncologic efficacy while mitigating treatment-related cardiovascular complications. The advent of novel anticancer agents such as targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and endocrine therapies has transformed cancer care, significantly improving survival rates. Nevertheless, prolonged patient survivorship has unmasked clinically significant cardiovascular sequelae, termed cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT), which manifests as acute manifestations during therapy and delaye

Mechanisms and effects of metformin on skeletal muscle disorders.

Skeletal muscle disorders are mostly genetic and include several rare diseases. With disease progression, muscle fibrosis and adiposis occur, resulting in limited mobility. The long course of these diseases combined with limited treatment options affect patients both psychologically and economically, hence the development of novel treatments for neuromuscular diseases is crucial to obtain a better quality of life. As a widely used hypoglycemic drug in clinical practice, metformin not only has anti-inflammatory, autophagy-regulating, and mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating effects, but it has a

Global first-in-class drugs approved in 2023-2024: Breakthroughs and insights.

First-in-class (FIC) drugs are considered the main drivers of new drug discovery and have novel targets and mechanisms. The proportion of FIC drugs among new drugs provides fundamental guidance for both academic and pharmaceutical research. From a global perspective, 81 FIC drugs were approved in 2023 and 2024. Among them, small-molecule drugs account for a greater percentage (51.9%), illustrating the discovery of new chemical entities. Macromolecule drugs (48.1%), which mainly consist of antibody analogs, represent a growing trend as new biotechnology techniques have emerged. In terms of FIC

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… Neurosteroids as Novel Anticonvulsants for Refractory Status Epilepticus and Medical Countermeasures for Nerve Agents: A 15-Year Journey to Bring Ganaxolone from Bench to Clinic J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut. 388 2024 273 300 10.1124/jpet.123.001816 PMC10801762 37977814 112 Perucca E. Bialer M. …

Nutritional Prehabilitation Intervention in Hematological Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplant: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional interventions play a critical role in bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients. This review evaluates the effectiveness of nutritional strategies in mitigating post-transplant malnutrition and improving clinical outcomes. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The search terms included "bone marrow transplant", "malnutrition", and "preoperative nutritional interventions". The quality of studies and risk of bias were assessed using the JBI framework, while evidence certainty was evaluated with the Oxford OCEBM. RESUL

The potential of mesenchymal stem cells in the management of radiation enteropathy.

Although radiotherapy is effective in managing abdominal and pelvic malignant tumors, radiation enteropathy is still unavoidable. This disease severely affects the quality of life of cancer patients due to some refractory lesions, such as intestinal ischemia, mucositis, ulcer, necrosis or even perforation. Current drugs or prevailing therapies are committed to alleviating the symptoms induced by above lesions. But the efficacies achieved by these interventions are still not satisfactory, because the milieus for tissue regeneration are not distinctly improved. In recent years, regenerative ther

Bone Loss, Osteoporosis, and Skeletal Fragility: Hidden Consequences of Cancer Cachexia.

Cancer cachexia (CC) is a devastating, multi-organ syndrome historically defined by the progressive wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, emerging evidence suggests that the skeletal system is also a major, yet underappreciated target of this catabolic state. While bone loss in oncology is primarily attributed to skeletal metastasis or cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL), clinical and preclinical data has increasingly demonstrated that tumor and host-derived systemic signals can drive severe bone deterioration even in non-metastatic disease. This review synthesizes cur

Harnessing Type I IFN Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 with Early Administration of IFN-β.

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Pharmaceutical Prevention and Management of Cardiotoxicity in Hematological Malignancies.

Modern treatment modalities in hematology have improved clinical outcomes of patients with hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, many new or conventional anticancer drugs affect the cardiovascular system, resulting in various cardiac disorders, including left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, arterial hypertension, myocardial ischemia, cardiac rhythm disturbances, and QTc prolongation on electrocardiograms. As these complications may jeopardize the significantly improved outcome of modern anticancer therapies, it is crucial to become familiar with all aspects of cardiotoxicity and pr

Radioprotectors & mitigators in radiation therapy: Harnessing diverse pathways for optimizing clinical outcomes.

Radioprotectors are agents that protect normal tissues from the harmful effects of radiation during cancer treatment. Combining these protective agents with advanced radiotherapy techniques such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and proton therapy offers a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. However, despite extensive research and the identification of numerous potential radioprotectors, only a few have made it into clinical practice. It is primarily because the transition from laboratory research to clinical application faces sign

Stem Cells Collection and Mobilization in Adult Autologous/Allogeneic Transplantation: Critical Points and Future Challenges.

Achieving successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) relies on two fundamental pillars: effective mobilization and efficient collection through apheresis to attain the optimal graft dose. These cornerstones pave the way for enhanced patient outcomes. The primary challenges encountered by the clinical unit and collection facility within a transplant program encompass augmenting mobilization efficiency to optimize the harvest of target cell populations, implementing robust monitoring and predictive strategies for mobilization, streamlining the apheresis procedure to minimize colle

Efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell in the treatment of hematologic malignancy: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This umbrella review consolidates data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the efficacy and safety of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in hematologic malignancies. The aim is to assess CAR-T efficacy across different malignancies, identify key safety concerns, and provide clinical recommendations. METHODS: We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to May 2024. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating CAR-T efficacy in hematologic malignancies were included. The AMSTAR tool wa

Rational drug repositioning for coronavirus-associated diseases using directional mapping and side-effect inference.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected hundreds of millions of people and caused millions of deaths. Looking for valid druggable targets with minimal side effects for the treatment of COVID-19 remains critical. After discovering host genes from multiscale omics data, we developed an end-to-end network method to investigate drug-host gene(s)-coronavirus (CoV) paths and the mechanism of action between the drug and the host factor in a directional network. We also inspected the potential side effect of the ca

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… A national strategy for COVID-19 medical countermeasures: vaccines and therapeutics JAMA 327 2022 215 216 10.1001/jama.2021.24165 34989782 Bottcher E. Matrosovich T. Beyerle M. Klenk H.D. Garten W. Matrosovich M. …

The Roles of EDA2R in Ageing and Disease.

Ageing is a complex biological process driven, in part, by inflammaging. Recent research identifies the ectodysplasin A2 receptor (EDA2R) as a key regulator of inflammaging and a novel biomarker of ageing, with its expression increasing with age across diverse tissues in humans and animal models. Elevated EDA2R gene expression is associated with accelerated ageing, cellular senescence, frailty, obesity, acne, radiation response and increased levels of inflammatory, renal, cardiac and vascular biomarkers. Similarly, elevated EDA2R protein levels, a critical component of the proteomic ageing clo

mHealth technologies in research studying cardiovascular health in cancer: A systematic review.

Cancer survivors face an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to treatment-related toxicity, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Addressing CV health is crucial for improving quality of life and long-term outcomes. The American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 framework highlights modifiable determinants of CV health, emphasizing early detection and monitoring. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies, such as wearables and smartphone apps, offer continuous tracking, yet their applications in cancer survivorship remain unclear. This review systematically characterizes the typ