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Neuroimmunology of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis.

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of both adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HAM/TSP is clinically characterized by chronic progressive spastic paraparesis, urinary incontinence, and mild sensory disturbance. Given its well-characterized clinical presentation and pathophysiology, which is similar to the progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), HAM/TSP is an ideal system to better understand other neuroimmunological disorders such as MS. Since the discovery of HAM/TSP, large numbers of clin…

Central nervous system targeted autoimmunity causes regional atrophy: a 9.4T MRI study of the EAE mouse model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Atrophy has become a clinically relevant marker of progressive neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). To better understand atrophy, mouse models that feature atrophy along with other aspects of MS are needed. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS was used to determine the extent of atrophy in a model of inflammation-associated central nervous system pathology. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and atlas-based volumetric analysis were performed to measure brain regional volumes in EAE mice. EAE brains were larger at peak clinical disease (da…

Detection of ectopic B-cell follicles with germinal centers in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by synthesis of oligoclonal immunoglobulins and the presence of B-cell clonal expansions in the central nervous system (CNS). Because ectopic lymphoid tissue generated at sites of chronic inflammation is thought to be important in sustaining immunopathological processes, we have investigated whether structures resembling lymphoid follicles could be identified in the CNS of MS patients. Sections from post-mortem MS brains and spinal cords were screened using immunohistochemistry for the presence of CD20+ B-cells, CD3+ T-cells, CD138+ plasma cells and CD2…

Pet Therapy as a Nonpharmacological Treatment Option for Neurological Disorders: A Review of the Literature.

Animal therapy and ownership have been studied as a nonpharmacologic treatment option for cardiovascular and psychological disorders. Animal companionship is less studied in neurological disorders such as stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, and acute brain injury. This review examines the effects that emotional support dogs, dog therapy, or dog ownership has on these specific neurological disorders. It may serve as a nonpharmaceutical option to improve patient symptoms, quality of life, or the disease course itself. Articles were gathered …

Neurologic manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, relapsing and remitting inflammatory conditions affecting the digestive system, comprising tw … hrombosis of the dural sinus and cerebral veins are at least as frequent as arterial stroke in IBD. Multiple sclerosis has been repeatedly associated with IBD. Up to 50% of IBD present asymptomatic white matter lesions. Other central nervous system complications include a slowly progressive myelopathy, epidural and subdural spinal empyema secondary to fistulous exte …

Focal white matter lesions induce long-lasting axonal degeneration, neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with episodes of inflammatory demyelination and remyelination. While remyelination has been linked with functional recovery in MS patients, there is evidence of ongoing tissue damage despite complete myelin repair. In this study, we investigated the long-term consequences of an acute demyelinating white matter CNS lesion. For this purpose, acute demyelination was induced by 5-week-cuprizone intoxication in male C57BL/6 J mice, and the tissues were examined after a 7-month recovery period. While myelin…

[The treatment of skin ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis].

Systemic Sclerosis (Ssc) is a complex disease of the connective tissue, characterized by progressive thickening and fibrosis of the skin and the internal organs and by diffused damage of the microvascular system. The fibrosis ones of the skin associated to the characteristic vascular alterations lead to the genesis of ulcers, more or less extended, often multiple, peripheral localization, chronic course, painful, able to influence patient's quality of life. Indeed, immunity reactivity, the thinning and the loss of elasticity of the skin, the peripheral neurological damage and the eventual drug

Обзор множественных склерозов: Неустранение сложностей патогенеза, прогресса, механизмов и терапевтических инноваций.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое, подстрекательское демиелионирующее расстройство центральной нервной системы (CNS), направленное на миелионированные аксоны. Патогенез MS влечет за собой сложное генетическое, экологическое и иммунологическое взаимодействие. Регулирование иммунной реакции, т.е. автореактивные T & B-Cells и инфильтрация макрофага в CNS, приводит к воспалению, обезвоживанию и нейродегенерации. Инфекционное развитие НР варьируется между отдельными лицами, которые переходят от одной из форм повторного образования к вторичному прогрессивному НР (СПМС). В ходе исследований бы

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) targeting myelinated axons. Pathogenesis of MS entails an intricate genetic, environmental, and immunological interaction. Dysregulation of immune response i.e. autoreactive T & B-Cells and macrophage infiltration into the CNS leads to inflammation, …

Strategies for Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis and the Role of Calcium.

Calcium ions are vital for maintaining the physiological and biochemical processes inside cells. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly dependent on calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD), as well as with multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, the modulation of calcium influx into the cells and the targeting of calcium-mediated signaling pathways may present a promising therapeutic approach for these diseases. This review provides an over…

Immunopathogenesis and Cellular Interactions in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis.

HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neuropathological disorder in 1-3% of individuals infected with Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1). This condition is characterized by progressive spastic lower limb weakness and paralysis, lower back pain, bladder incontinence, and mild sensory disturbances resembling spinal forms of multiple sclerosis. This disease also causes chronic disability and is therefore associated with high health burden in areas where HTLV-1 infection is endemic. Despite various efforts in understanding the virus and discovery of novel diag…

Бремя наследственного транстиретинового амилоида на качество жизни.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: амилоидоз наследственного транстиретина (ХАТТР) является прогрессивным, дегенеративным заболеванием с периферической нейропатией, кардиомиопатией и другими клиническими проявлениями. В этом исследовании рассматривается воздействие амилоидоз hATTR на качество жизни (QOL). МЕТОДЫ: Удельный QOL, измеряемый с помощью Norfolk QOL-Diabetic Neuropathy, сопоставлялся между пациентами с амилоидозом HATTR и пациентами с типом 2 диабет, в то время как общий QOL, измеряемый с помощью 36-item Вариант обследования состояния здоровья в краткой форме 2 (В тыс.SF-36v2), были сопоставлены между пациен

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Hereditary transthyretin (hATTR) amyloidosis is a progressive, degenerative disease, with peripheral neuropathy, cardiomyopath … an that seen in the general population, with physical functioning worse than that for patients with multiple sclerosis and congestive heart failure. DISCUSSION: Patients with hATTR amyloidosis show significant burden on QOL, particularly in physical functioning. Muscle Nerve 60: 169-175, 2019.

Biotherapies in multiple sclerosis: a step toward remyelination and neuroprotection?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by CNS-restricted inflammation with subsequent demyelination and neurodegeneration. Current disease-modifying therapies efficiently reduce relapse rate and new lesions appearance, but still fail to impact the progressive course of the disease. There is a great need for the avenue of new therapies aimed at promoting myelin repair or reducing neurodegeneration that should result in the prevention of neurological disability in this chronic disease. This review will focus on the potentials and limitatio…

[Differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and autoimmune rheumatic diseases].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating-inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, probably of autoimmune etiology. Characteristic qualities include multifocal demyelination, which result in varied clinical pictures of the disease. MS must be differentiated from chronic or recurring diseases, as well as from those with multifocal neurological manifestations and multifocal lesions revealed in a MR scan. Particular signs may precede the development of the full-blown MS, but they may be initial manifestations of autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus, antiphospholipid s…

[Course of illness and prognosis of multiple sclerosis. 2: Predictive value of clinical and paraclinical factors].

The second part of this review summarizes the predictive value of demographic factors, the early clinical course and paraclinical methods in the prognosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The chronic progressive course is generally thought to be associated with a worse outcome compared to relapsing-remitting MS. Moderate disability within 5 years, residual pyramidal and cerebellar deficits 6 months following an acute attack, motor, cerebellar and possibly brain stem exacerbations as well as frequent relapses were found to indicate an increased risk for developing severe disability or increased mort…

Plasma exchange in Canada. The Canadian Apheresis Study Group.

Since 1982 the Canadian Apheresis Study Group (CASG) has collected data on plasma exchange activities in Canada. In 1987, 5907 such procedur … al application of plasma exchange. These studies, currently under review, include 168 patients with multiple sclerosis, 100 with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and 43 with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Reactions occur in 12% of cases; they are usually minor and are limited to circumoral paresthesia, mild hypertension or hypotension and hives.

T cells responsive to myelin basic protein in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Gene mutation in vivo in human T lymphocytes appears to occur preferentially in dividing cells. Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are assumed to have one or more populations of diving T cells that are being stimulated by autoantigens. Mutant T cell clones from MS patients were isolated and tested for reactivity to myelin basic protein, an antigen that is thought to participate in the induction of the disease. The hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) clonal assay was used to determine mutant frequency values in MS patients with chronic progressive disease. Eleven of 258 …

Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Presenting With Obstructive Uropathy and Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report.

Very-late-onset multiple sclerosis (VLOMS), defined as disease onset after the age of 60, is a rare and often diagnostically challenging entity that may present with atypical features. We describe the case of a 67-year-old man who presented with progressive urinary symptoms culminating in obstructive uropathy and acute kidney injury (AKI), ultimately diagnosed as progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). The patient had a three-year history of left upper limb weakness and gait difficulty, which had been previously unexplored. He presented acutely following a fall, with new-onset left-sided facial d…

Viruses and multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disorder of unknown etiology, possibly caused by a virus or virus-triggered immunopathology. The virus might reactivate after years of latency and lyse oligodendrocytes, as in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, or initiate immunopathological demyelination, as in animals infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus or coronaviruses. The argument for a viral cause of MS is supported by epidemiological analyses and studies of MS in identical twins, indicating that disease is acquired. However, the most important evidence is the…

Differential effects of decoy chemokine (7ND) gene therapy on acute, biphasic and chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implication for pathomechanisms of lesion formation.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits several clinical subtypes such as the relapsing-remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) forms. In accordance with this, formation of demyelinating plaques in the central nervous system (CNS) occurs by different mechanisms. In the present study, we induced acute, biphasic and chronic (RR or SP) EAE in rats and examined the effects of decoy chemokine (7ND) gene therapy, which inhibits the migration of macrophages, to address the above issue. Interestingly, it was demonstrated that the clinical signs of acute EAE and the first attack of biphasic EAE were min…

Роль адаптивной иммунной системы в инициировании и стойкости множественных склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) является воспалительным и демиелинизирующим заболеванием центральной нервной системы (CNS), в котором сложные сети взаимодействия иммунных клеток порождают и поддерживают это заболевание. Патогенез реанимации MS движется адаптивными иммунными клетками, которые активируются за пределами отсека CNS и затем мигрируют в CNS для инициирования, предположительно, аутоиммунного провокационного процесса. Последние технологические достижения, в частности анализ одиночных клеток, выявили значительную неоднородность клеток Т и В, вовлеченных в этот этап заболевания. Эпидемиологи

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which complex networks of interacting immune cells initiate and sustain the disease. The pathogenesis of relapsing MS is driven by adaptive immune cells that become activated outside the CNS compartment and then migrate into the CNS to initiate a presumab…