Результаты поиска

Biobutanol production from rice straw using a redox-modulated fungal-bacterial consortium: Transcriptional regulation and process integration.

Producing butanol from lignocellulosic biomass is a key strategy for addressing climate change and the energy crisis. Consolidated bioprocess (CBP), which combines enzyme production, hydrolysis, and fermentation into a single step, offers an effective way to lower the production costs of biobutanol. Despite the crucial role of fungi in cellulolytic decomposition, developing efficient fungal-bacterial consortia for butanol production remains challenging due to the fundamental conflict between the aerobic nature of fungi and the strict anaerobicity of solventogenic clostridia. In this study, a m

The blue light receptor gene PoWC-1 plays a role in the formation of Pleurotus ostreatus primordia.

Blue light is a critical environmental signal that triggers fruiting body initiation in mushroom-forming fungi. Pleurotus ostreatus is a widely cultivated model mushroom, yet the molecular mechanisms linking light perception to primordia formation remain poorly understood. Here, we functionally characterized the blue light receptor gene PoWC-1, a homolog of Neurospora crassa white collar 1, during early morphogenesis. Antisense-mediated silencing of PoWC-1 caused a marked delay in primordia formation under light/dark cycles and complete arrest at the undifferentiated mycelial stage under conti

Metabolic vulnerabilities in pleural mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma is a rare tumour of mesothelial origin that is often diagnosed at advanced stages. Despite recent approval of immunotherapy, the prognosis of mesothelioma remains dismal. Growing evidence links tumour metabolism to the molecular mechanisms driving mesothelioma's aggressiveness, therapeutic resistance and poor outcomes. Mesothelioma-specific metabolic alterations may be derived from asbestos-induced chronic inflammation, the mesothelial origin, the pleural microenvironment and tumour-stroma interactions, as well as recurrent genomic alterations that distinguish mesothelioma from ma

Effect of Zearalenone on Microbial Spatial Differences in the Chyme and Intestinal Mucosa of Piglets.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a widely distributed estrogenic mycotoxin that compromises intestinal health in pigs, but its spatial difference ZEN and niche-specific regulatory effects on the intestinal microbiota remain largely unelucidated. In this study, 12 healthy three-way crossbred weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly divided into two treatments. The control group (CON) was fed with the basal diet, and the treatment group (ZEN) was supplemented with 1.5 mg ZEA/kg of the basal diet for 28 days. Chyme and mucosal microorganisms in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and cecum

Proton motive force as a driver of persister sensitization by adenosine.

Antibiotic tolerance and persistence contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, yet strategies to reverse these phenotypes remain limited. Our previous work revealed that the naturally occurring nucleoside adenosine can reverse antibiotic tolerance in diverse bacterial strains by modulating cellular energetics. Here, we define the mechanism underlying this potentiation, identifying adenosine metabolism as a driver of cytoplasmic alkalinization and proton motive force (PMF) generation. Using RNA sequencing, metabolite assays, and pH-sensitive fluorescent reporters, we show that ad

Hepatocyte-Specific ApoJ Knockout Improves Metabolic Profiles in the Liver of Diabetic Mice.

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major metabolic disorder and is frequently accompanied by liver steatosis. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) is a glucose-regulated molecular chaperone that has been implicated in hepatic lipid deposition under nutrient overload. This study aimed to investigate the role of hepatocyte-specific ApoJ deletion in hepatic metabolism under diabetic conditions. Methods: A T2DM mouse model with hepatocyte-specific ApoJ knockout (HKO) was established through a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injection. Hepatic metabolic profiles were analyzed

Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Molecule Targeting Nucleoside Homeostasis to Restore Energy Metabolism and Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and cerebral metabolic impairment. Yet, the therapeutic options for addressing the disease pathogenesis are limited. Here, we report an approach by targeting brain nucleoside homeostasis and energy metabolism to alleviate AD-associated cognitive deficits. A compound, J4, was designed to modulate nucleoside homeostasis by interacting with the equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT1). The effects of J4 on brain nucleoside homeostasis and energy metabolism were examined in mice. T

Key biochemical pathways during pregnancy in livestock: mechanisms regulating uterine and placental development and function.

ABSTRACT: Development and function of the uterus and placenta are essential for a successful pregnancy, particularly in livestock species where reproductive efficiency is economically important. Several metabolic pathways play critical roles in uterine and placental function during pregnancy by supporting processes important for cellular function and proliferation, as well as conceptus growth and development. Among these, one-carbon metabolism, the pentose cycle, serine biosynthesis (serinogenesis), and polyamine metabolism have emerged as key metabolic pathways contributing to uterine and pla

Plexin C1 modulates metabolic programming for resolution of severe inflammation.

Persistent, unresolved inflammatory processes disrupt the complex homeostatic state and lead to severe disease, ultimately resulting in organ failure, shock, and death. The mediators that monitor and control the programmed mechanisms in tissue homeostasis and repair remain elusive. A recently discovered group of endogenous proteins, termed neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs), has gained attention as important mediators of immunoregulation and tissue homeostasis through their role in the complex interplay between metabolic reprogramming and immunity. In murine peritonitis, the deficiency of the N

Vacuum fractional distillation enhances the antibacterial activity of Mentha haplocalyx essential oil against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri by disrupting cell membrane and inhibiting biofilm.

Citrus canker, a significant bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is currently managed primarily with copper-based treatments. However, the long-term use of these agents can result in pesticide residue and increased bacterial resistance. This study employed the vacuum fractional distillation (VFD) technique to fractionate the essential oil of Mentha haplocalyx (MHEO) to produce MHF3, which exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Xcc. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MHF3 was 0.20 μL/mL, superior to that of the positive control, copper sulf

The Role of HK2 in Tumorigenesis and Development: Potential for Targeted Therapy with Natural Products.

Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is widely distributed in various tissues, particularly showing significantly elevated expression levels in tumor tissues. As the initial rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolysis process, HK2 is believed to directly participate in the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells. This phenomenon, known as the "Warburg effect," provides the energy and substances necessary for the rapid proliferation, growth, and division of tumor cells. Furthermore, by enhancing glycolysis, HK2 exerts its influence on various metabolic pathways in tumor cells, such as pentose phosphate metabolism, glu

Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer Cells and Therapeutics Targeting Cancer Metabolism.

BackgroundCancer metabolism is a field focused on the unique alterations in metabolic pathways that occur in cancer cells, distinguishing them from the metabolic processes in normal cells.MethodsAn extensive review of the current literature on the metabolic adaptation of cancer cells was carried out in the current study.ResultsThe rapidly proliferating cells require high levels of molecules, such as glucose, amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides, along with increased energy demand (ATP). These requirements are met through alterations in the processes involving glucose, amino acid, lipid, and nu

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Pentose Phosphate Pathway The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is a multienzyme metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytosol of cells, producing NADPH, pentoses, and ribose‐5‐phosphate [ 9 ]. It has two phases: the oxidative phase and the nonoxidative phase [ 9 ]. … Tong , “ The Role of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Diabetes and Cancer ,” Frontiers in Endocrinology 11 ( 2020 ): 365 . 32582032 10.3389/fendo.2020.00365 PMC7296058 11 W. Du , P. Jiang , A. …

Mechanistic insights into metformin's anti-hyperuricemic effect: Targeting PPP/DNPB/XOD-mediated purine pathway, purinosome assembly, and gut microbiota homostasis in rats.

Hyperuricemia has become a public threat to human health, and conventional medical treatment only aims to inhibit xanthine oxidase (XOD). Endogenous purine biosynthesis and purinosome formation are neglected in research of medical mechanism. In this study, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of metformin was explored in chronic high-fructose-induced hyperuricemic rats. Results indicated that four weeks of metformin administration effectively reduced uric acid (UA), creatinine, and urea levels, ameliorated renal and hepatic injuries, and promoted glycogen synthesis in hyperuricemic rats. Furth

Therapeutic potential of NRF2 activating drug RTA-408 in suppressing T cell effector responses and inflammatory bowel disease.

RTA-408, also known as Omaveloxolone, is an FDA-approved drug for treating Friedrich's Ataxia, a neurological disorder. It is a triterpenoid compound that activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a key regulator of cellular redox balance. In this study, we explored the impact of RTA-408 on T cells and evaluated its therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In vitro activation of murine and human T cells in the presence of RTA-408 resulted in suppressed proliferation, reduced expression of IFN-γ, cytotoxic granules and IL-17, but enhanced frequency of Foxp3

Biochar promotes the dissolution of inorganic inactive phosphorus by mediating the bacterial community during corn stover and cattle manure composting.

Phosphorus (P) is a macroelement primarily found in insoluble forms in nature. Enhancing the effectiveness of P is crucial for sustainable agricultural development and ecosystems. The research employed a combination of sequential extraction methods, high-throughput sequencing techniques, microbial culturing, and ecological network analysis of bacterial communities, along with module comparison, to explore the dynamics of different P fractions in calcareous soils. The objective of incorporating biochar into the composting of maize stover and cattle dung was to uncover potential microbial proces

PYGM Protects Against Myocardial Infarction by Enhancing Glycogenolysis and Facilitating Autophagic Flux.

BACKGROUND: PYGM (muscle glycogen phosphorylase), the rate-limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis, plays an indispensable role in maintaining cardiac energy metabolism. However, the role of PYGM in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear. METHODS: The expression profiles of PYGM in cardiac tissues and plasma samples from subjects with MI were assessed using immunoblotting. The role of PYGM in MI was determined by evaluating the effects of PYGM deficiency and its replenishment through adeno-associated virus-mediated PYGM expression in mice with MI. RESULTS: We found that cir

An updated transketolase activity assay to probe thiamine utilization in fish.

Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency is causative of reproductive failures and population declines in lake trout, Atlantic salmon, and other predatory fish species. Transketolase (TKT) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the non-oxidative phase of the pentose-phosphate pathway. TKT is critical for mediating the availability of sugars to return to glycolysis and for synthesizing NADPH and R5P, which are needed to maintain the cellular oxidation state and to produce biomolecules necessary for successful growth and reproduction. TKT activity provides a measure of functional thiamine availability since it

Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili facilitates pathogenicity by modulating central carbon metabolism.

INTRODUCTION: Strategies specifically targeting the initial host-pathogen interactions, hold great promise in the identification of accurate biomarkers for tuberculosis (TB) prevention interventions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) curli pili (MTP) (encoded by mtp/Rv3312A), a surface adhesin utilised by the pathogen to interact with host receptor cells, has been reported as a suitable target for TB diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Previous "omics" studies highlighted the role MTP potentially plays in Mtb central carbon metabolism (CCM). However, its precise contribution to metabolism re

Resistance Response and Regulatory Mechanisms of Ciprofloxacin-Induced Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium Based on Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Salmonella infections pose a serious threat to both animal and human health worldwide. Notably, there is an increasing trend in the resistance of Salmonella to fluoroquinolones, the first-line drugs for clinical treatment. METHODS: Utilizing Salmonella Typhimurium CICC 10420 as the test strain, ciprofloxacin was used for in vitro induction to develop the drug-resistant strain H1. Changes in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antimicrobial agents were determined using the broth microdilution method. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to inve

Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces metabolic rewiring of human-derived cytotrophoblast cells to promote cell migration.

The placenta has an extraordinary metabolic rate with high oxygen consumption. Extravillous cytotrophoblast cells (EVT) metabolism and function are critical to sustain their invasive phenotype supporting fetal development. Deficient EVT function underlies pregnancy complications as preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) promotes human cytotrophoblast cell migration and invasion through mTOR signaling pathways suggesting its crucial role during placentation. Here we explored fatty acid uptake as well as lipid and glucose metabolism in human