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Genetic epidemiology and risk factors for brain tumors.

This report summarized current knowledge and findings relevant to environmental and genetic risk factors in brain tumors, with a particular focus on glioma. To date, the established risk factors for brain tumors are family history and ionizing radiation exposure; whereas there is an inverse association between tumors and other factors such as history of allergies, atopic conditions, chickenpox, and varicella zoster virus infection. To identify inherited genetic variants impacting susceptibility of brain tumors, large scale familial linkage-scan pedigree analysis, population-based candidate gen…

Human monkeypox: an emerging zoonosis.

Human monkeypox is a rare viral zoonosis endemic to central and western Africa that has recently emerged in the USA. Laboratory diagnosis is important because the virus can cause disease that is clinically indistinguishable from other pox-like illnesses, particularly smallpox and chickenpox. Although the natural animal reservoir of the monkeypox virus is unknown, rodents are the probable source of its introduction into the USA. A clear understanding of the virulence and transmissibility of human monkeypox has been limited by inconsistencies in epidemiological investigations. Monkeypox is the m…

Can mild head injury cause ischaemic stroke?

Five cases of ischaemic stroke preceded by minor head trauma in children are described. All patients had striatocapsular infarction. Three h … ffected children remains unexplained; both genetic and environmental factors (for example, previous chickenpox) may be implicated.

Смертельный массивный некроз печени от варицелла-зостерного гепатита.

Сообщается о необычайном случае гепатита варицелла-зостера, который привел к смертельному массовому некрозу печени у 64-летней белой женщины. У пациента была ветрянка за 30 лет до смерти, но никогда не было каучуконосных зостеров. Печень показала типичные эозинофильные внутриядерное включение, а герпесвирусные вироны были продемонстрированы электронной микроскопией. Косвенные иммунофлюоресцентные сероологические исследования подтвердили удалённую и недавнюю инфекцию вирусом варицелла-зостер. Обсуждается потенциальное значение случайной селелектомии, проведенной за 14 месяцев до смерти, и общая

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
An unusual case of varicella-zoster hepatitis is reported which resulted in fatal massive hepatic necrosis in a 64-year old white female. The patient had had chickenpox 30 years prior to death but no cutaneous zoster at any time. The liver showed typical eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions and herpesvirus virions were demonstrated by electron microscopy. In…

Герпес Зостер Офтальмик Средние до Периорбитального Целлулита.

Заражение вирусом Варичелла-зостер (VZV), также известным как ветрянка, является инфекционным заболеванием, которое чаще всего заражается в детстве в результате контакта, воздушной или капельной передачи. После двухнедельного периода инкубации пациенты могут испытывать продромальную фазу, которая включает в себя правитичную везикулярную сыпь с сопутствующими конституционными симптомами, такими, как лихорадка, головная боль, болезнь, мышцы, усталость и боль в горле. Симптомы часто являются самоограничивающимися и требуют лишь поддержки и наблюдения. Мы сообщаем о случае 54-летней женщины, у кот

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection, also commonly known as chickenpox, is a communicable disease most often contracted in childhood via contact, airborne, or droplet transmission. After about a two-week incubation period, patients can experience a prodromal phase, which includes a pruritic vesicular blistering rash with associated constitutional symptoms…

Zoster in patients infected with HIV: a review.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a member of the human herpesvirus family, causes childhood chickenpox (varicella), becomes latent in sensory ganglia, and reactivates years later in immunocompromised and elderly persons to produce shingles (herpes zoster). Early in the AIDS epidemic, zoster was noted in adults and children infected with HIV. Severe and debilitating zoster-associated dermatological, ophthalmic, and neurological complications may occur in patients infected with HIV. Antiviral therapy can modify the duration of zoster and alleviate its attendant complications. Varicella vaccine may …

Cerebral vasculopathy associated with primary varicella infection.

A previously healthy 5-year-old boy developed cerebral vasculopathy, presenting as two episodes of acute hemiparesis 3 and 9 months, respectively, after a primary varicella infection (chickenpox). This association has not been reported before, to our knowledge, although cerebral vasculopathy is a well-known complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. The diagnosis was based on the presence of oligoclonal varicella-specific IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid and angiographic findings. Clinical and angiographic follow-up, and serial thymidine kinase activity levels in the cerebrospinal fluid suggest…

Differentiation of strains of varicella-zoster virus by changes in neutral lipid metabolism in infected cells.

Eleven isolates of varicella-zoster virus were tested for their effects on the incorporation of [14C]acetate into lipids in infected human e … rstanding the development of lipid changes seen in children affected with Reye's syndrome following chickenpox.

[Analysis of influencing factors on the second dose of varicella vaccine for children aged 1-12 years in 10 provinces of China].

Objective: To understand the influencing factors of the second dose of varicella vaccine for children aged 1-12 years in 10 provinces of China. Methods: In December 2022, a multistage random sampling method was employed to recruit children aged 1-12 years who had received one dose of varicella vaccine and their guardians from 180 vaccination clinics in 10 provinces of China. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect information on children's characteristics, guardians' demographic characteristics, and vaccination status. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to i

Varicella in the 21st Century.

Varicella is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus and has a wide range of clinical presentations. Varicella can cause mild disease in infants born to infected persons who are immunized as a result of previous vaccination or previous clinical or subclinical infection. However, varicella can also lead to severe life-threatening disease in infants, particularly for those born to nonimmunized persons. In this review, we will summarize the natural history of varicella-zoster infection in pregnant persons, infants with congenital varicella syndrome, and infants with postn

Assessment of attenuation of varicella-zoster virus vaccines based on genomic comparison.

Live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccines are used to prevent chickenpox and shingles. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that occur during the attenuation of parental strains are critical indicators of vaccine safety. To assess the attenuation of commercial VZV vaccines, genetic variants were comprehensively examined through high-throughput sequencing of viral DNA isolated from four VZV vaccines (Barycela, VarilRix, VariVax, and SKY Varicella). Whole-genome comparison of the four vaccines with the wild-type strain (Dumas) revealed that the sequences are highly conserved on a g…

Maternal varicella antibodies in children aged less than one year: Assessment of antibody decay.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate maternal antibody levels to varicella in infants <12 months of age in Ontario, Canada. STUDY DESIGN: In this study, we included specimens from infants <12 months of age, born at ≥37 weeks gestational age, who had sera collected at The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada) between 2014-2016. We tested sera using a glycoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA). We measured varicella susceptibility (antibody concentration <150mIU/mL) and mean varicella antibody concentration, and assessed the probability of susceptibility and concentration betwe

A Case of Aseptic Meningitis Without Skin Rash Caused by Oka Varicella Vaccine.

Here, we present a previously healthy adolescent with aseptic meningitis without skin rash caused by varicella vaccine derived from the Oka/Biken strain; the patient received a single dose of varicella vaccine at 1 year of age. Pediatricians should be aware of the potential for reactivation of varicella vaccine derived from the Oka/Biken strain, which can cause aseptic meningitis in vaccinated children even in the absence of a skin rash.

The impact of universal varicella vaccination on the clinical burden of varicella in Colombia: A National database Analysis, 2008-2019.

In 2015, one-dose universal varicella vaccination (UVV) was introduced in the Colombian National Immunization Program targeting children aged 12 months, expanding to a two-dose program in 2019. This study aimed to examine the effect of one-dose UVV on the burden of varicella in Colombia. A retrospective study was conducted using national databases to estimate incidence and mortality for the target (1-4 years old), non-target (less than 1 and 5 years and older) and overall (all age groups) populations from the pre-UVV period (January 2008-June 2015) to the post-UVV period (July 2015-December 20

The Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccine: 25 Years of Postlicensure Experience in the United States.

We summarize studies of varicella vaccine's effectiveness for prevention of varicella and lessons learned during the first 25 years of the varicella vaccination program in the United States. One dose of varicella vaccine provided moderate protection (82%-85%) against varicella of any severity and high protection (100%) against severe varicella, with some waning of protection over time. The 1-dose program (1995-2006) had a substantial impact on the incidence both of varicella and of severe outcomes (71%-90% decrease) although it did not prevent low-level community transmission and some outbreak

Effect of the varicella vaccination implementation on the development of herpes zoster in children and adolescents.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is an infectious disease caused by latent varicella-zoster virus reactivation. There are conflicting reports on the varicella vaccine's effect on the incidence of HZ in children and adolescents. This study aimed to determine the impact of the single dose of varicella vaccination on HZ prevalence during childhood and adolescence. The study included children and adolescents aged <18 years who presented to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 2005 and 2019 and were diagnosed with HZ. Considering that the universal vaccination program started to be implemented in Turkey in

Randomised controlled trial showed long-term efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of varicella vaccines in Norwegian and Swedish children.

AIM: Several countries, such as Norway and Sweden, have not implemented universal varicella vaccination. We present data for Norway and Sweden that were generated by a paediatric multi-country Phase III study over a 10-year period. This assessed the efficacy, antibody persistence and safety of two varicella vaccines containing the same Oka strain. METHODS: This was an observer-blind, controlled trial conducted in 10 European countries. Children aged 12-22 months (n = 5803) were randomised 3:3:1 and vaccinated between 1 September 2005 and 10 May 2006. The two-dose group received two tetravalen

Understanding the role of exogenous boosting in modeling varicella vaccination.

INTRODUCTION: The exogenous boosting (EB) hypothesis posits that cell-mediated immunity is boosted for individuals reexposed to varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Historically, mathematical models of the impact of universal childhood varicella vaccination (UVV) have used limited data to capture EB and often conclude that UVV will temporarily increase herpes zoster (HZ) incidence. AREAS COVERED: We updated a 2013 systematic literature review of 40 studies to summarize new evidence from observational or modeling studies related to EB and its parameterization. We abstracted data on observational stud

Evaluating the effectiveness of the universal immunization program against varicella in Japanese children.

OBJECTIVE: Matched case control study was conducted to elucidate the effectiveness of the Oka/Biken vaccine immediately after implementation of the universal immunization program in Japan. METHODS: Cases were laboratory confirmed varicella patient under 15years of age diagnosed at 14 designated pediatric clinics between September 2015 and September 2016. Controls were selected from patients who visited the same practice for different reasons as the varicella case within 2weeks. Swab samples were collected from varicella suspected patients and molecular diagnostic assays were used to confirm v

Varicella-zoster virus: pathogenesis, incidence patterns and vaccination programs.

Varicella or chickenpox is a common and highly contagious exanthematic disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) that during primary infection has the ability to establish latency. VZV reactivation, even decades after primary infection, causes herpes zoster. In healthy immunocompetent subjects, children in particular, varicella results in mild to moderate illness and for this reason, regardless its high morbidity, it is not considered a public health priority. Varicella still represents the most widespread vaccine preventable childhood infectious disease in industrialized countries; d…