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Pulmonary plasma cell disorders: histopathology, diagnosis, and clinical perspectives.

Plasma cell disorders in the lungs include a broad range of conditions from benign reactive processes to malignant neoplasms. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of these diseases, focusing on their histopathological, immunohistochemical, and diagnostic characteristics. Four case studies illustrate the diagnostic challenges in distinguishing between reactive plasma cell infiltrates and neoplastic conditions. Key diagnostic tools, such as histological analysis and molecular techniques, are discussed to guide clinical evaluation. A systematic approach to diagnosis and management is ma

Transendoscopic laser ablation of an esophageal plasma cell tumor in a cat.

CASE SUMMARY: A 15-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented for acute lethargy, vomiting and hyporexia. Abdominal and thoracic radiographs revealed a caudal thoracic/esophageal soft tissue opacity with concern for an esophageal mass or an esophageal foreign body. Esophagoscopy confirmed the presence of a large, irregular, mid-esophageal mass. Laser ablation using esophagoscopy was utilized to debulk the mass. Approximately 80% of the mass was removed without complication and an esophagostomy feeding tube was placed. The cat was discharged the same day of the procedure. Hist

Plasma cell-free RNA signatures of inflammatory syndromes in children.

Inflammatory syndromes, including those caused by infection, are a major cause of hospital admissions among children and are often misdiagnosed because of a lack of advanced molecular diagnostic tools. In this study, we explored the utility of circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) in plasma as an analyte for the differential diagnosis and characterization of pediatric inflammatory syndromes. We profiled cfRNA in 370 plasma samples from pediatric patients with a range of inflammatory conditions, including Kawasaki disease (KD), multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), viral infections

Families with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and plasma cell dyscrasias in their pedigrees.

Although reports of familial clustering of hematologic malignancies have appeared for decades, the cause(s) of this uncommon occurrence is still not completely understood. Most modern investigations, however, support a genetic rather than an environmental exposure as a cause of this observation. Most pedigrees of families with familial hematologic malignancies demonstrate age of onset anticipation, with the disease diagnosed at an earlier age in successive generations. The cause of this phenomenon is clear in some familial neurologic disorders (trinucleotide repeat expansion) but not at all cl

Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of plasma cell gingivitis- A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to describe the demographics and clinicopathological characteristics of the cases of plasma cell gingivitis (PCG … ent. The cases comprised 3 males and 6 females with their ages ranging between 14 and 82 years. The plasma cells exhibited equivocal reactivity for kappa and lambda; and immunonegativity for CD56, CD117 with low Ki67 proliferation index. Published literature in English showed 43 cases of PCG were predominantly female; the diffuse involvement of maxilla and man …

Cutaneous Involvement in Diseases with Plasma Cell Differentiation: Diagnostic Approach.

Neoplasms with plasma cell differentiation may occasionally involve the skin. Cutaneous lesions may represent the first sign of an underlying systemic plasma cell malignancy, such as multiple myeloma, or the skin itself may be the primary site of occurrence of a hematological tumor with plasma cell differentiation. Starting from examples encountered in our daily practice, we discussed the diagnostic approach pathologists and clinicians should use when faced with cutaneous lesions with plasma cell differentiation. Cases of primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma, localized primary amyloidosis/

Plasma cell neoplasms and related entities-evolution in diagnosis and classification.

Plasma cell neoplasms including multiple myeloma (MM) and related terminally differentiated B-cell neoplasms are characterized by secretion … plasmacytic aggregates in trephine biopsies < 10% of cellularity and evidence of clonal B-cells and plasma cells. • IgM MGUS is subdivided into a plasma cell type and a not otherwise specified (NOS) type. • Primary cold agglutinin disease is recognized as a new entity. • The term "multiple myeloma" replaces the term "plasma cell myeloma" used in the 2016 WHO c …

Plasma Cell Dyscrasia of the Calcaneus: A Rare and Unusual Case Presentation.

A rare and unusual case of plasma cell dyscrasia of the calcaneus is presented. Clinically, the patient had a draining and painful ulcer that was treated with appropriate antibiotics and wound care but failed to show any signs of healing. Radiographic images showed cystic changes of the calcaneus in the vicinity of the ulcer. Blood work was negative for bone and soft-tissue infection, but uric acid and alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated. Nuclear bone scan showed increased uptake in the calcaneus suggestive of osteomyelitis. One possible differential diagnosis was an intraosseous gouty t

Acute Plasma Cell Leukemia Presenting as Primary Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy.

Primary plasma cell leukemia (PPCL) is a rare form of multiple myeloma (MM) and is a rare aggressive disease with a median overall survival of 6 - 11 months. We present a case of acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy as the initial presentation of PPCL in a 78-year-old woman to highlight an atypical presentation of this disorder.

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… Pleural involvement by plasma cell leukemia (PCL) was confirmed by the presence of plasma cells in the pleural fluid. A hematologist consultation was requested for suspected plasma cell malignancy. … Plasma Cell Leukemia. Rockefeller Cancer Institute. https://cancer.uams.edu/myeloma/myeloma-related-diseases/plasma-cell-leukemia . 2. Gundesen MT, Lund T, Moeller HEH, Abildgaard N. Plasma cell leukemia: definition, presentation, and treatment. …

Plasma cell-directed therapies in monoclonal gammopathy-associated scleromyxedema.

Scleromyxedema is a rare skin and systemic mucinosis that is usually associated with monoclonal gammopathy (MG). In this French multicenter retrospective study of 33 patients, we investigated the clinical and therapeutic features of MG-associated scleromyxedema. Skin molecular signatures were analyzed using a transcriptomic approach. Skin symptoms included papular eruptions (100%), sclerodermoid features (91%), and leonine facies (39%). MG involved an immunoglobulin G isotype in all patients, with a predominant λ light chain (73%). Associated hematologic malignancies were diagnosed in 4 of 33

Primary plasma cell leukaemia in a 39-year-old man.

Plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy which is classified into primary (pPCL) and secondary PCL. A 39-year-old Indian man presented to the Department of Hematology with a 2-week history of fever and lethargy. Clinically, he was pale and febrile. Haemogram revealed bicytopenia with leucocytosis. The peripheral blood film portrayed rouleax formation with 45% of circulating plasma cells. Serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation revealed IgG lambda paraproteinaemia of 48 g/L. Bone marrow aspirate, flow cytometry and trephine were consistent with IgG lambda …

Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiac Amyloidosis Related to Plasma Cell Dyscrasias.

Light chain amyloidosis is a deadly disease in which a monoclonal plasma cell dyscrasia produces misfolded immunoglobulin light chains (AL) that aggregate and form rigid amyloid fibrils. The amyloid deposits infiltrate one or more organs, leading to injury and severe dysfunction. The degree of cardiac involvement is a major driver of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent irreversible end-organ damage and improve overall survival. Treatment of AL cardiac amyloidosis involves eliminating the underlying plasma cell dyscrasia with chemotherapy and pursuing s

Early-onset preeclampsia, plasma microRNAs, and endothelial cell function.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive pregnancy disorder in which generalized systemic inflammation and maternal endothelial dysfunction are involved in the pathophysiology. MiRNAs are small noncoding RNAs responsible for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and involved in many physiological processes. They mainly downregulate translation of their target genes. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the plasma miRNA concentrations in preeclampsia, healthy pregnant women, and nonpregnant women. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of 3 highly increased plasma miRNAs in pree

The Cell Activation Phenomena in the Cold Atmospheric Plasma Cancer Treatment.

Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) is an ionized gas with a near room temperature. CAP is a controllable source for reactive species, neutral particles, electromagnetic field and UV radiation. CAP showed the promising application in cancer treatment through the demonstration in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we first demonstrate the existence of an activation state on the CAP-treated cancer cells, which drastically decreases the threshold of cell vulnerability to the cytotoxicity of the CAP-originated reactive species such as H2O2 and NO2-. The cytotoxicity of CAP treatment is still dependent on

Thalidomide in plasma cell balanitis refractory to conventional topical treatment.

Zoon's plasma cell balanitis is a chronic genital inflammatory dermatosis that affects uncircumcised men, especially the elderly. It's characterized by painless erythematous plaques of orange hue, located on the glans penis and foreskin. Circumcision is the most effective treatment; however, it can be hard for patients to accept. As an alternative, topical calcineurin inhibitors are used, with good response. This article reports the case of a 32-year-old patient, HIV carrier, diagnosed with Zoon's plasma cell balanitis. Treatment with topical tacrolimus was administered, without improvement. A