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The supplement-drug interaction of quercetin with tamsulosin on vasorelaxation.

The food supplement quercetin is used as self-medication for prostate disorders and is known to induce vasorelaxation. The drug tamsulosin i … n the food supplement quercetin and tamsulosin underlines the potential of the impact of supplement-drug interactions that warrant more research.

Kinetics of drug interaction with the Kv11.1 potassium channel.

The Kv11.1 potassium channel is the molecular target for the majority of drugs implicated in acquired long QT syndrome, the most common cause of drug-induced sudden cardiac death, and a common reason for drug restriction or withdrawal from the market. While the IC50 for block of Kv11.1 is commonly used to estimate the risk of acquired long QT syndrome, this approach is crude, and it is widely accepted that the kinetics of drug interactions with the channel are a critical component in understanding their mechanism of action and risk profiles. In this study we report the first directly measured …

Prediction of cancer drugs by chemical-chemical interactions.

Cancer, which is a leading cause of death worldwide, places a big burden on health-care system. In this study, an order-prediction model was built to predict a series of cancer drug indications based on chemical-chemical interactions. According to the confidence scores of their interactions, the order from the most likely cancer to the least one was obtained for each query drug. The 1(st) order prediction accuracy of the training dataset was 55.93%, evaluated by Jackknife test, while it was 55.56% and 59.09% on a validation test dataset and an independent test dataset, respectively. The propos

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… It is necessary to point out that some drug interactions had two or more than two kinds of scores. …

Hemodynamic changes by drug interaction of adrenaline with chlorpromazine.

Adrenaline (epinephrine) is included in dental local anesthesia for the purpose of vasoconstriction. In Japan, adrenaline is contraindicated for use in patients receiving antipsychotic therapy, because the combination of adrenaline and an antipsychotic is considered to cause severe hypotension; however, there is insufficient evidence supporting this claim. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the changes in hemodynamics caused by drug interaction between adrenaline and an antipsychotic and to evaluate the safety of the combined use of adrenaline and an antipsychotic in an animal stu

[Effects of isorhamnetin on CYP3A4 and herb-drug interaction].

The study is to report the investigation of the effects of isorhamnetin on CYP3A4 and herb-drug interaction. A reporter gene assay is used to test pregnane X receptor transactivation action, qRT-PCR and a luminescence-based assay were applied to determine mRNA induction and enzyme activity of CYP3A4 after isorhamnetin treatment. The interaction of irinotecan and isorhamnetin was assessed by inhibition assay of cell proliferation. Isorhamnetin at 1, 10 and 25 micromol x L(-1) transactivated the CYP3A4 reporter construct and upregulated CYP3A4 mRNA as well in a dose-dependent manner. However, is

Valproic acid and warfarin: an underrecognized drug interaction.

BACKGROUND: Drug interactions in the neurosciences intensive care unit (NICU) may involve antiepileptic drugs and warfarin. Most commonly used antiepileptic drugs are either potent hepatic enzyme inducers or inhibitors and they affect the metabolism of warfarin. Valproic acid also displaces warfarin from the protein binding sites resulting in significant INR changes but this type of drug interaction is less well known. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 71 year-old female patient with a glioblastoma multiforme presented to the NICU with refractory partial complex seizures. Patient was on warfa…

[Grapefruit consumption and food-drug interaction hazard].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of grapefruit consumption in patients admitted to a tertiary care emergency department (ED) and its potential impact on the risk of fruit-drug interaction. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study conducted in a medical ED between July and December 2009. Data analysis searched for the main drugs which can dramatically interact with grapefruit and for adverse drug events (ADEs). Among the 162 patients who were interviewed, 59 (36%) reported grapefruit consumption (regardless form or frequency) and 11 (7%) were prescribed a treatment with a risk of frui

[Positive interaction between immunosuppressive and antifungal drugs].

Immunosuppressive and antifungal drugs are frequently associated to treat solid organ transplant patients or patients with hematological malignancies. To cure invasive fungal infection (IFI), immunosuppression has to be reduced. However, immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin A, tacrolimus, sirolimus (rapamycin) or mycophenolate mofetil possess antifungal properties. Indeed fungi and humans have in common calcineurin and TOR signalization pathways which are inhibited by these molecules. In vitro experiences suggest a positive interaction between immunosuppressive and antifungal drugs such

Screening for the drug-phospholipid interaction: correlation to phospholipidosis.

Phospholipid bilayers represent a complex, anisotropic environment fundamentally different from bulk oil or octanol, for instance. Even "simple" drug association to phospholipid bilayers can only be fully understood if the slab-of-hydrocarbon approach is abandoned and the complex, anisotropic properties of lipid bilayers reflecting the chemical structures and organization of the constituent phospholipids are considered. The interactions of drugs with phospholipids are important in various processes, such as drug absorption, tissue distribution, and subcellular distribution. In addition, drug-l

Pharmacokinetics of zonisamide and drug interaction with phenobarbital in dogs.

The purposes of the present study were to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of zonisamide, determine the presence of a drug interaction with phenobarbital, and evaluate how long any interaction lasted after discontinuation of phenobarbital in dogs. Five dogs received zonisamide (5 mg/kg, p.o. and i.v.) before and during repeated oral administration of phenobarbital (5 mg/kg, bid, for 30-35 days). Zonisamide (5 mg/kg, p.o.) was also administered 8, 10, and 12 weeks after discontinuation of phenobarbital. Blood was sampled until 24 h after each zonisamide administration and serum concentrations of

[Carbamazepine and clarithromycin: a clinically relevant drug interaction].

BACKGROUND: Carbamazepine is associated with clinically relevant drug interactions especially with macrolide antibiotics such as troleandomycin and erythromycin. These drugs inhibit the metabolism of carbamazepine. Clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic similar to erythromycin, is widely used to treat respiratory tract infections and is used for the treatment of atypical mycobacterial infections and Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease. METHODS: To report an interaction between carbamazepine and clarithromycin, we present a study that includes three regular attenders at the epi…

[Adverse effects of interactions of antibiotics with other drugs].

Many drugs used in combination with antibiotics may show different interactions of clinical significance (for instance: an increase of toxicity of the drugs used). It is important especially among patients treated concurrently with antibiotics and other drugs in high doses for a long time. The most significant clinically are pharmacokinetic interactions of antibiotics that are inhibitors of microsomal enzymes (makrolide or quinolones antibiotics, metronidazole or imidazole antifungal agents). Clinical caution is indicated when these antibiotics are combined with drugs that have a narrow therap

Interactions between drugs and vitamins at advanced age.

Drug consumption increases at advanced age due to increased morbidity. At the same time the state of repletion is reduced for several vitamins. Physiological and kinetic alterations in the elderly are reviewed in order to analyse possible interrelations between these two phenomena. At high age the status of all vitamins is compromised by reduced food intake. Decreased active intestinal transport and an increased propensity for atrophic gastritis may reduce the absorption of vitamins A, B1, folate and B12. Decreased exposure to sunlight and reduced cutaneous synthesis impair the vitamin D statu

Magnesium and cardiovascular drugs: interactions and therapeutic role.

Numerous experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies have pointed out a relevant role for magnesium deficiency in the development of many cardiovascular diseases. Some pharmacological treatments may interfere with magnesium turnover, and magnesium deficiency may alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of some cardiovascular drugs. Loop and thiazide-like diuretics increase magnesiuresis, and total bodily magnesium deficiency may appear during prolonged treatment with diuretically active doses of these drugs. The potassium retaining agents, such as amiloride, triamterene and spiro

A fatal drug interaction between clozapine and fluoxetine.

A case is presented of a fatal drug interaction caused by ingestion of clozapine (Clozaril) and fluoxetine (Prozac). Clozapine is a tricyclic dibenzodiazepine derivative used as an "atypical antipsychotic" in the treatment of severe paranoid schizophrenia. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used for the treatment of major depression. Clinical studies have proven that concomitant administration of fluoxetine and clozapine produces increased plasma concentrations of clozapine and enhances clozapine's pharmacological effects due to suspected inhibition of clozapine metabolism

Teicoplanin with other drugs: possible pharmacological interactions.

The contemporaneous employment of two or more drugs may present the risk of modifying the required therapeutic effect or producing adverse reactions. These interactions are of a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic type. Teicoplanin is an antibiotic with a glycopeptide structure, produced by Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, active against both anaerobic and aerobic Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to various chemotherapeutic drugs (beta-lactam and macrolide antibiotics, tetracyclines, co-trimoxazole). Then the aim of this work was to verify experimentally the possible pharmacological inte

Adverse reactions and interactions of the neuromuscular blocking drugs.

The adverse reactions seen following administration of neuromuscular blocking agents are mainly cardiovascular. Due to the lack of specificity for the nicotinic receptor at the neuromuscular junction, these agents may interact with receptors in autonomic ganglia and muscarinic receptors in the heart. Furthermore, muscle relaxants may have histamine-releasing properties. The cardiovascular effects vary with potency and specificity of the drug, depending mainly on the chemical structure. Pancuronium, fazadinium and especially gallamonium block cardiac muscarinic receptors, and tachycardia may be

Gold-naproxen pneumonitis. A toxic drug interaction?

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed restrictive lung disease and blood eosinophilia. Gold pneumonitis was suspected but the patient did not improve until naproxen was discontinued as well. Lymphocyte transformation studies suggested hypersensitivity to gold. We hypothesize that naproxen unmasked and perpetuated the manifestations of gold hypersensitivity in our patient.

Pharmacologic interactions between valproate and other drugs.

Valproate is often administered with other antiepileptic drugs, a practice that can lead to clinically significant pharmacologic interactions. Concomitant administration of such enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs as carbamazepine, phenobarbital, primidone, or phenytoin will markedly accelerate the metabolic conversion of valproate, particularly in children. In response to the effects of enzyme induction, valproate dosage may need to be doubled to maintain therapeutic serum levels. Valproate does not appear to induce enzymatic drug metabolism, but rather acts as a metabolic inhibitor. Because