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Clinical utility of vitamin d testing: an evidence-based analysis.

UNLABELLED: This report from the Medical Advisory Secretariat (MAS) was intended to evaluate the clinical utility of vitamin D testing in av … icles with unknown eligibility were reviewed with a second clinical epidemiologist, then a group of epidemiologists until consensus was established. The quality of evidence was assessed as high, moderate, low or very low according to GRADE methodology. Observational studies that evaluated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Canada in the population of inter …

Intra-articular viscosupplementation with hylan g-f 20 to treat osteoarthritis of the knee: an evidence-based analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of hylan G-F 20 as a substitute for existing treatments for pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, other viscosupplementation devices, and/or as an adjunct to conventional therapy. Hylan G-F 20 (brand name Synvisc, which is manufactured by Genzyme) is a high molecular weight derivative of hyaluronan, a component of joint synovial fluid. It acts as a lubricant and shock absorber. It is administered by injection into the joint space to treat pain associated with OA of the knee. Although the injection procedure is an insured serv

The Danish National Multiple Myeloma Registry.

AimThe Danish National Multiple Myeloma Registry (DMMR) is a population-based clinical quality database established in January 2005. The primary aim of the database is to ensure that diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell dyscrasia are of uniform quality throughout the country. Another aim is to support research. Patients are registered with their unique Danish personal identification number, and the combined use of DMMR, other Danish National registries, and the Danish National Cancer Biobank offers a unique platform for population-based translational research.Study populationAll newly diagno

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… Statisticians and clinical epidemiologists are used at the Competence Centre. Scientific hematological expertise and an administrative secretary are connected part time. … A DMSG database committee reviews, comments, and writes the annual reports in collaboration with an epidemiologist and a statistician from the Competence Centre. Conclusion The DMMR is a population-based database eligible for clinical, epidemiological, and translational research. …

Response-The Road Less Travelled: Why did Miles Little Turn to Qualitative Research and Where Did This Lead?

Miles Little is an Australian surgeon, poet, and philosopher whose published work spans diverse topics in surgery, medicine, philosophy, and bioethics. In 1974 he co-authored a survey that included an analysis of interviews conducted with amputees. This was his first foray into qualitative research. Twenty years later he established a research centre at the University of Sydney that initiated a programme of qualitative research in cancer medicine. For twenty years after that, the centre acted as a hub for research that applied qualitative methods from the social sciences to study the experienc

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… This points to another wellspring of EBM in the early 1970s: research into the heuristics people use to make judgments in the face of uncertainty and which give rise to systematic errors or what epidemiologists call “biases” (Tversky and Kahnemann 1974 ). … For the epistemological pluralist, truth can issue from narratives of personal experience as well as from unbiased measurements produced by clinical epidemiologists. The link with error also explains why Little did not pursue quality of life (QoL) research. …

Surveillance for waterborne disease and outbreaks associated with recreational water use and other aquatic facility-associated health events--United States, 2005-2006.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have collaboratively maintained the Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System for collecting and reporting data related to waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs) associated with drinking water. In 1978, WBDOs associated with recreational water (natural and treated water) were added. This system is the primary source of data regarding the scope and effects of disease associated with recreational water in the United States. In addition, data are collected…

Emulating a target trial of the comparative effectiveness of clomiphene citrate and letrozole for ovulation induction.

STUDY QUESTION: What are the comparative pregnancy outcomes in women who receive up to six consecutive cycles of ovulation induction with letrozole versus clomiphene citrate? SUMMARY ANSWER: The risks of pregnancy, livebirth, multiple gestation, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and congenital malformations were higher for letrozole compared with clomiphene in participants with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), though no treatment differences were observed in those with unexplained infertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Randomized trials have reported higher pregnan

Community wide interventions for increasing physical activity.

BACKGROUND: Multi-strategic community wide interventions for physical activity are increasingly popular but their ability to achieve population level improvements is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of community wide, multi-strategic interventions upon population levels of physical activity. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Public Health Group Specialised Register, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, MEDLINE in Process, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, PsycINFO, ASSIA, The British Nursing Index, Chinese CNKI databases, EPPI Centre (DoPHER, TRoPHI), ERIC, HMIC, Sociological Abstracts,

Неинфекционные заболевания на юго-западе Ирана: профиль и базовые данные из исследования < < Шахрекорд ПЕРСИАН Корт > > .

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Критические межпровинциальные различия в структуре неинфекционных заболеваний (НИЗ) в Иране и трудности, связанные с определением методов профилактики для сокращения смертности от НИЗ, поставили под угрозу осуществление провинциального плана в области здравоохранения. Исследование < < Шахрекорд кохорт > > (СКС) было предназначено для устранения этих пробелов в Чахармахале и Бахтиари, провинции с высокой высотой на юго-западе Ирана, характеризующейся большим населением Бахтиари, а также этническими группами Фарса и Турка. МЕТОДЫ: Эта текущая группа, перспектив

Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks and other health events associated with recreational water --- United States, 2007--2008.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Since 1978, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have collaborated on the Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS) for collecting and reporting data on waterborne disease outbreaks associated with recreational water. This surveillance system is the primary source of data concerning the scope and health effects of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. In addition, data are collected on other select recreational water--associated health events, including pool chemical--associate…

Unacceptable pain in oncology: The patients' perspective on reasons for absence of pain interventions.

ObjectiveAround 40% of oncology patients receive inadequate pain treatment. A previous study reported pain interventions for only 70% of patients who reported unacceptable pain at the self-service registration desk. The aim of this study is to gain insight in reasons for the absence of pain intervention among oncology patients who reported unacceptable pain.MethodsIn this mixed methods study, 20 patients visiting the oncology outpatient clinic were selected via patient record assessment and interviewed about their perceived reasons for absence of pain intervention.ResultsThe reasons mentioned

Applications of Structural Expert Elicitations for Economic Evaluations: A Systematic Review Update.

BackgroundStructured expert elicitation (SEE) has become increasingly important in health technology assessment and economic evaluations. Complementing previous work, we aimed to synthesize recent developments in published SEE applications within health economics over the past 8 years.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases from April 2017 to February 2026, supplemented with snowball sampling, to identify applications of SEE as part of economic evaluations. Data extraction and synthesis focused on expert selection, elicitation methods, and analytical

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… gynecology, internal medicine, orthopedics and traumatology, endocrinology, rheumatology, and radiology) | Purposive sampling | 6 | VIM | Mode, minimum, maximum, and most likely: estimates checked for consistency | Mathematical | No | NA Di Fusco et al. (2023) [ 27 ] | Clinicians, health economists, epidemiologists … Recruitment used purposive sampling throughout, targeting clinicians with relevant specialization, though several studies incorporated multidisciplinary perspectives from health economists, epidemiologists, policy experts, and in one case, a patient representative [ 27 ]. …

2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.

UNLABELLED: Since 1980, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) have translated scientific evidence in … the need for objective, independent Evidence Review Committees (ERCs) that include methodologists, epidemiologists, clinicians, and biostatisticians who systematically survey, abstract, and assess the evidence to address systematic review questions posed in the PICOTS format (P=population, I=intervention, C=comparator, O=outcome, T=timing, S=setting).,– Practica …

Translation and validation of the Dutch Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ2.0) to evaluate health-related quality of life in patients with symptomatic spinal metastases.

BackgroundThe primary goal of palliative treatment of spinal metastases is to maintain or improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We translated and validated a Dutch version of The Spine Oncology Study Group Outcome Questionnaire (SOSGOQ2.0), a valid and reliable 20-item questionnaire to evaluate HRQOL in patients with spinal metastases.MethodsAfter cross-cultural translation and adaptation, the questionnaire was pre-tested in fifteen patients referred for spine surgery and/or radiotherapy. This resulted in a final questionnaire that was sent to patients for assessment of internal cons

In the time of COVID-19: challenges, successes, and lessons learned from studies in cancer patients.

The COVID-19 pandemic created the urgent need to monitor risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality and to evaluate immune responses to novel vaccines. A foremost concern was the unknown risks to patients with cancer, considering their overall health, immune status, and interactions with cancer therapies. The US National Cancer Institute, in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, established the SARS-CoV-2 Serological Sciences Network as the nation's largest coordinated effort to identify and establish standardized serology tests to study immune responses a

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… This included dynamic partnerships among virology and immunology scientists, health communication researchers, epidemiologists, and the clinical sciences of infectious disease, hematology, oncology, immunology, pathology, laboratory medicine, and virtually every organ-based clinical subspecialty. … COVID-19 brought together scientists and clinicians across a vast array of fields who had never worked together, including virologists, immunologists, cancer experts, epidemiologists, behavioral scientists, statisticians, infectious disease specialists, clinical investigators across essentially all specialties …

Preface to the Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Thrombosis and Hemostasis Issues in Cancer, 2020.

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… It is a unique conference bringing together epidemiologists, clinical trialists, practicing physicians, basic scientists and translational researchers from disciplines as varied as pulmonology, hematology, oncology and supportive/palliative care, all focused on the same important clinical problem. …

Practical guidance for engaging patients in health research, treatment guidelines and regulatory processes: results of an expert group meeting organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO).

There is increasing emphasis on patient-centred research to support the development, approval and reimbursement of health interventions that best meet patients' needs. However, there is currently little guidance on how meaningful patient engagement may be achieved. An expert working group, representing a wide range of stakeholders and disciplines, was convened by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Through a structured, collaborative process the group generated pract

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… The working group comprised a global representation of clinicians, outcome researchers, social scientists, epidemiologists, health technology assessment (HTA) and regulatory experts, pharmacists and patient representatives. … GRAPPA was formed in 2003 of > 600 rheumatologists, dermatologists, radiologists, geneticists, methodologists, epidemiologists and biopharmaceutical industry representatives with an interest in PsA and psoriasis research. …

2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.

UNLABELLED: Since 1980, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) have translated scientific evidence in … the need for objective, independent Evidence Review Committees (ERCs) that include methodologists, epidemiologists, clinicians, and biostatisticians who systematically survey, abstract, and assess the evidence to address systematic review questions posed in the PICOTS format (P=population, I=intervention, C=comparator, O=outcome, T=timing, S=setting).,– Practica …

Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--United States, 1999-2000.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for the occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs).This surveillance system is the primary source of data concerning the scope and effects of waterborne diseases on persons in the United States. REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: This summary includes data regarding outbreaks occurring during January 1999-December 2000 and previously unreported outbreaks occurring in 1995 and 1997. DE…

Long-term survival, prevalence, and cure of cancer: a population-based estimation for 818 902 Italian patients and 26 cancer types.

BackgroundPersons living after a cancer diagnosis represent 4% of the whole population in high-income countries. The aim of the study was to provide estimates of indicators of long-term survival and cure for 26 cancer types, presently lacking.Patients and methodsData on 818 902 Italian cancer patients diagnosed at age 15-74 years in 1985-2005 were included. Proportions of patients with the same death rates of the general population (cure fractions) and those of prevalent patients who were not at risk of dying as a result of cancer (cure prevalence) were calculated, using validated mixture cure

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… The general aim of the present study was to expand the spectrum of indicators of long-term survival and cure among cancer patients, in order to provide helpful information for epidemiologists and health-care planners, as well as for oncologists [ 9 ] and patients [ 7 ]. … The availability of reliable and accurate estimates of long-term survival and cure for the increasing number of persons living many years since cancer diagnosis may be helpful not only to epidemiologists and health-care planners, but also to clinicians in developing guidelines to enhance and standardize …

Molecular mechanisms of the preventable causes of cancer in the United States.

Annually, there are 1.6 million new cases of cancer and nearly 600,000 cancer deaths in the United States alone. The public health burden associated with these numbers has motivated enormous research efforts into understanding the root causes of cancer. These efforts have led to the recognition that between 40% and 45% of cancers are associated with preventable risk factors and, importantly, have identified specific molecular mechanisms by which these exposures modify human physiology to induce or promote cancer. The increasingly refined knowledge of these mechanisms, which we summarize here,

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… Epidemiologists provided a first answer half a century ago using statistical methods and data from cancer registries ( Kolonel et al. 1980 ; Ziegler et al. 1993 ). … Small case control studies by epidemiologists first showed that lung cancer patients were far more likely to be smokers than noncancer controls. …