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Морские биоактивные компоненты и хроническая нейроинфламмация: сосредоточение внимания на нейродегенеративных заболеваниях.

Достижения в нейробиологии, иммунологии и нейромундологии показали, что нервная и иммунная системы образуют двунаправленную интегрированную сеть, начиная от регулирования воспаления и кончая реагированием на стресс, что имеет ключевое значение для поддержания физиологии мозга. Как и периферийные воспаления, нейроинфламмация представляет собой сохраненный процесс, направленный на активацию врожденных/адаптивных иммунных и неиммунных клеток для эффективной борьбы с бактериями, вирусами, токсинами и травмами и, в конечном счете, на удаление микробных патогенов и поддержку ремонта и восстановления

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Advances in neuroscience, immunology, and neuroimmunology have revealed that the nervous and immune systems form a bidirectional integrated … oping neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Marine-derived bioactive components are able to modulate lipid and glucose metabolism as well as inflammation and oxidative stress. In this review, we describe the neuroinflammatory process and its invo …

HERV-W envelope protein is present in microglial cells of the human glioma tumor microenvironment and differentially modulates neoplastic cell behavior.

Gliomas are the most common parenchymal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). With regard to their still unclear etiology, several recent studies have provided evidence of a new category of pathogenic elements called human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) which seem to contribute to the evolution and progression of many neurological diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), schizophrenia, chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy (CIDP) and, particularly, multiple sclerosis (MS). In these diseases, HERVs exert effects on cellular processes such as inflammation, proliferation, and mi…

Accelerated atherosclerotic calcification and Monckeberg's sclerosis: a continuum of advanced vascular pathology in chronic kidney disease.

Autopsy studies have demonstrated the near universal presence of fatty streaks and fibroatheromas in the general population from which patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) arise. The vast majority of patients with CKD have multiple conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Vascular atherosclerotic calcification develops in most patients as they transition from the general population to significant CKD as part of cholesterol crystallization within atherosclerotic lesions. Once present, however, atherosclerotic medial calcification can become prominent and has been previously identified as

Psychopathological changes and cognitive impairment in encephalomyelitis disseminata.

Two hundred and twelve patients with clinically evidenced encephalomyelitis disseminata (ED), hospitalized in a neurological hospital, were observed with regard to psychopathological characteristics and cognitive changes in conformity with ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. The basis of this investigation was a standardized psychiatric interview. The age of the patients averaged 47 years whereas the duration of the disease averaged 14.3 years. 83.5% of the patients had a disease history of more than 6 years. The medium range of EDSS scores was 5.95%, the BPRS 36.7%. In 5.2% of the patients the course

Hepatic Safety of Adjunctive High-Dose Melatonin in Participants Receiving Ocrelizumab for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Liver Toxicity Findings from a Phase I/II Randomised Clinical Trial (MELATOMS-1).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Based on melatonin's neuroprotective effects in pre-clinical multiple sclerosis models, the MELATOMS-1 study was designed to evaluate melatonin treatment in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PP-MS) receiving ocrelizumab treatment. The trial was prematurely halted due to hypertransaminasemia. This study aimed to analyse observed cases of hypertransaminasemia and explore potential underlying mechanisms, focusing on drug-drug interactions . METHODS: This study reports findings from MELATOMS-1 (NCT03540485), a multicentre, phase I/II, randomised, dou…

Increased functional network connectivity following cognitive rehabilitation in progressive multiple sclerosis with moderate to severe disabilty: findings from the CogEx study.

BACKGROUND: Functional neuroplasticity likely occurs following cognitive rehabilitation (CR) and aerobic exercise (EX) in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS). We explored network resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) changes and associations with cognitive measure modifications in CogEx study participants. METHODS: Patients with PMS were randomly assigned to four groups and underwent 12 weeks of treatment with a combination of CR and EX or sham therapies. Cognitive and fMRI assessments were performed at baseline, immediately post-intervention (week-12) and 6 months post-interventio…

Chitinase-1 in cerebrospinal fluid and white matter injury in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: In patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), previous studies reported increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers, but these correlated only weakly with structural damage. We aimed to identify inflammatory CSF biomarkers that associate with tissue damage in PMS. METHODS: We performed four substudies: [1] A cross-sectional exploratory study of patients with primary (PPMS) or secondary progressive MS (SPMS) (n = 38) in whom we explored correlations between CSF concentrations of 1128 proteins and CSF neurofilament light chain (NFL) and myel…

Efficacy of intrathecal mesenchymal stem cell-neural progenitor therapy in progressive MS: results from a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell-neural progenitors (MSC-NPs) are a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived ex vivo manipulated cell product with therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to determine efficacy of intrathecal (IT) MSC-NP treatment in patients with progressive MS. METHODS: The study is a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with a compassionate crossover design conducted at a single site. Subjects were stratified according to baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (3.0-6.5) and disease su…

CSF parvalbumin levels reflect interneuron loss linked with cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION AND METHODS: In order to verify whether parvalbumin (PVALB), a protein specifically expressed by GABAergic interneurons, could be a MS-specific marker of grey matter neurodegeneration, we performed neuropathology/molecular analysis of PVALB expression in motor cortex of 40 post-mortem progressive MS cases, with/without meningeal inflammation, and 10 control cases, in combination with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assessment. Analysis of CSF PVALB and neurofilaments (Nf-L) levels combined with physical/cognitive/3TMRI assessment was performed in 110 naïve MS patients and in 32 controls

Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific intrathecal oligoclonal antibody response is predominantly detected in a subset of multiple sclerosis patients with progressive forms.

The purpose of this study was to verify the actual involvement of Chlamydia pneumoniae in multiple sclerosis (MS) by the evaluation of its specific intrathecal humoral immune response in MS. We measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of anti-C. pneumoniae immunoglobulin G (IgG) in 27 relapsing-remitting (RR), 9 secondary progressive (SP), and 5 primary progressive (PP) MS patients, grouped according to clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of disease activity. Twenty-one patients with other inflammatory neurolo…

Platelets and platelet-derived vesicles as an innovative cellular and subcellular platform for managing multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease that involves young individuals. The drug delivery systems now are available for this disease have chronic and non-targeted effects on the patients. Because of the presence of BBB (blood-brain-barrier), their concentration in the CNS (central nervous system) is low. Because of this flaw, it is critical to use innovative active targeted drug delivery methods. RESULT: Platelets are blood cells that circulate freely and play an important role in blood hemostasis. In this review, we emphasize the various roles …

Th17 cells and inflammation in neurological disorders: Possible mechanisms of action.

Neurological disorders (NDs) are one of the leading causes of global death. A sustained neuroinflammatory response has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of multiple NDs, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating evidence shows that the recruitment of abundant lymphocytes in the central nervous system may contribute to promoting the development and progress of inflammation in neurological disorders. As one subset of T lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells ha…

Nutracutical Strategies for Testing Mitohondrial Dysфункции в нейродегенеративных заболеваниях.

В нейронах митохондрия генерирует энергию посредством производства СПС, тем самым поддерживая высокие энергетические потребности центральной нервной системы (ЦНС). Митохондриальная дисфункция внутри CNS была причастна к патогенезу и прогрессированию нейродегенеративных заболеваний, таких, как болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона, амиотропический боковой склероз и множественный склероз, часто связанный с изменчивой митохондриальной динамикой, как фрагментация и функциональные нарушения. Таким образом, митохондриальные цели представляют собой альтернативную терапевтическую стратегию лечения э

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In neurons, mitochondria generate energy through ATP production, thereby sustaining the high energy demands of the central nervous system (C … tive diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, often involving altered mitochondrial dynamics like fragmentation and functional impairment. Accordingly, mitochondrial targeting represents an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these disorders. Current standard drug treatments …

The long-term costs for treating multiple sclerosis in a 16-year retrospective cohort study in Brazil.

BackgroundMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease that appreciably impacts on the quality of life of patients and is associated with high expenditure. MS is a chronic multifactorial disease, characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss. The Brazilian public health system provides pharmacological treatment as well as hospital and outpatient care for patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. However, we are not aware of any previous publications assessing total direct medical costs in patients with a long follow-up within the Brazilian healthcar…

Multiple sclerosis as an asynchronous neuroinflammatory system.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has traditionally been conceptualized through an event-based framework in which relapses, lesion accumulation, and disability progression evolve along a linear temporal axis. However, converging pathological, imaging, biomarker, and clinical trial evidence indicates that inflammatory activity, chronic lesion expansion, axonal degeneration, and network reorganization unfold with partially independent temporal dynamics. The 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria formally incorporate markers of immune persistence and chronic inflammatory organization. Dissemination in spa…

Задержка с лечением и диагностиками при проведении различия между многофукальными сенсорными и моторными нейропатиями и волчанками: доклад по делу и обзор литературы.

Мультифокальная демиелинационная сенсорная и моторная нейропатия (MADSAM) является редкой аутоиммунной воспалительной реакцией с отрицательными антителами, которая приводит к демиелинации множественных периферийных нервов в асимметричном распределении как с моторными, так и сенсорными нарушениями. Диагноз MADSAM может быть клинически сложным, основываться на сочетании клинических и электродиагностических исследований, а симптомы могут пересекаться с другими неврологическими условиями, такими, как системная волчанка (SLE). MADSAM, как правило, ассиметричен, демиелинирован и ограничен периферийн

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BACKGROUND: Multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (MADSAM) is a rare autoimmune-mediated inflammatory response with … ome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Serological studies, neuroimaging studies, nerve conduction studies, and electromyography (EMG) were performed. She was ultimately diagnosed with Lewis-Sumner syndrome, or MADSAM, a variant of CIDP. CONCLUSIONS: T …

Influence of JC virus coding region genotype on risk of multiple sclerosis and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Two features of the biology of JC virus make it a particularly suitable candidate for an agent in MS-like disease: its neurotropic capability targeting glial cells as evidenced in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy lesions, and its capacity for latency and persistence as illustrated by its behaviour in the kidney. JC virus is chronically or intermittently excreted in the urine by some 40% of the population. The existence of JC virus in multiple coding-region genotypes provides a unique approach to the study of JC virus-induced neurological disease. We have previously shown that a genot

Роль врожденных иммунных клеток в множественном склерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное, воспалительное и нейродегенеративное заболевание, затрагивающее центральную нервную систему (КНС). MS ассоциируется со сложным взаимодействием между нейродегенеративными и воспалительными процессами, в основном связанными с патогенными Т и В клетками. Однако все большее количество доклинических и клинических данных свидетельствует о том, что врожденный иммунитет играет ключевую роль в поощрении и развитии НР. В этой связи в настоящее время изучаются доклинические и клинические исследования, ориентированные на различные врожденные иммунные

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). MS is associated with a complex interplay between neurodegenerative and inflammatory processes, mostly attributed to pathogenic T and B cells. However, a growing body of preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that innat…

Therapeutic effects of diosgenin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Currently, there is no drug available to cure this kind of disease. Diosgenin is a plant-derived steroid saponin. A previous study in our lab revealed that diosgenin can promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and accelerate remyelination. In the present study, we found that diosgenin dose-dependently alleviated the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with reduced central nervous system inflammation and demyelination. We also found that diosgenin treatment c…

Inflammatory Mechanisms and Oxidative Stress as Key Factors Responsible for Progression of Neurodegeneration: Role of Brain Innate Immune System.

Chronic inflammation is characterized by longstanding microglial activation followed by sustained release of inflammatory mediators, which a … ative disorders of central nervous system like age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington' disease, and tauopathies. This review highlights the basic mechanisms of neuroinflammation, the characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases, and the main immunologic responses in CNS neurodegenerative disorders. A …