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Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Quantitative Assessment of Pupillary Dysfunction in Acute Internal Carotid Artery Dissection.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diagnosing internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) can be challenging even for experienced clinicians, as one of i … S (3.23 ± 0.64 mm vs. 5.12 ± 0.51 mm, p < 0.01). The AE also showed reduced CR response in terms of mydriasis (4.03 ± 2.8% vs. 9.76 ± 3.36%, p < 0.01) and dilation time (2.984 ± 0.278 s vs. 2.071 ± 0.223 s, p < 0.01). Similar differences were observed between the AE and controls. Quantitative pupillary abnormalities were identified by UP in 96.9% of patient …

Acute Anticholinergic Toxic Syndrome Due to Scopolamine Exposure: A Case Report with Possible Drug-Facilitated Administration.

INTRODUCTION: Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid and non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist capable of inducing a central anticholinerg … . Clinical findings included delirium, hallucinations, psychomotor agitation, dysarthria, bilateral mydriasis with preserved light reflex, sinus tachycardia, and marked urinary retention. Routine laboratory investigations were largely within normal limits, and standard urine toxicology screening was negative except for iatrogenic benzodiazepines. Given the …

Micropulse Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation in Refractory Glaucoma: Two-year Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) for refractory glaucoma. PATIENTS … spectively. The treatment success rate was 77.4% at 24 months. Postoperative complications included mydriasis (n=10), conjunctival hemorrhage (n=9), mild anterior chamber inflammation (n=1), hyphema (n=1), mild ciliary body detachment (n=3), and choroidal detachment (n=1), all reversible after treatment. CONCLUSION: MP-TSCPC appears to be a safe and effect …

Retrospective evaluation of the prevalence of known and presumed hereditary eye diseases in a population of Labradoodles referred for ophthalmic screening examinations in the Netherlands.

INTRODUCTION: The popularity of designer crossbreed dogs, including Labradoodles, has increased markedly in recent years. This retrospective … Screening consisted of slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy following pharmacologic mydriasis. The prevalence of each KP-HED was calculated relative to the total number of dogs examined. RESULTS: A total of 1,182 Labradoodles (940 females, 242 males; median age 27.8 months, range 4.2-131.7 months) were included. Ninety-two dogs (7.8%) were …

The role of cerebral ptosis in assessing recovery and prognosis in traumatic brain injury: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral ptosis is a rare and often under-recognized condition characterized by eyelid drooping due to central nervous system dy … rorehabilitation unit after sustaining a severe TBI with left-sided epidural hematoma and bilateral mydriasis. Following emergency neurosurgery and prolonged coma, the patient exhibited bilateral cerebral ptosis, minimal responsiveness, and severe cortical dysfunction. Imaging revealed bilateral structural damage including the left temporal and occipito-par …

Optic Neuritis Associated with Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: A Systematic Review and Analysis.

PURPOSE: To systematically review and analyze reported cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO)-related optic neuritis (ON) without retinal … and eye pain were the most frequent symptoms. Common signs include visual field defect, congestion, mydriasis, and ophthalmoplegia. Keratitis was the most common observation in slit-lamp examination (62.8% (22 of 35 cases)). Corticosteroid therapy, including high-dose and pulse regimens, was administered in a third-fourth (28 of 38) of patients. In outcome …

Ocular melanosis in the adult Cairn Terrier population within the United Kingdom.

PURPOSE: Prospective investigation to determine the prevalence of ocular melanosis in adult Cairn Terriers within the United Kingdom using a … 1 mmHg), respectively. Incomplete pupil dilation was noted in affected dogs following pharmacologic mydriasis. CONCLUSION: Ocular melanosis was identified in approximately 10% of examined dogs, over half were dogs of breeding age (<7 years of age). It is possible that Grade 1 disease could go undetected, prior to obvious scleral pigment accumulation (Grade …

Recovery of Oculomotor Nerve Palsy After Surgical and Endovascular Repair of Unruptured Internal Carotid-Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: Unruptured posterior communicating artery (Pcom) aneurysms cause oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP). However, the time course of recove … or in symptom presentation (ptosis, diplopia, ocular paralysis, pupillary light reflex disorder, or mydriasis). All patients achieved complete or partial recovery during the follow-up period. The median time to partial or complete improvement in ONP was significantly shorter for clipping compared to coiling (2 days vs. 33 days; P = 0.009). Preoperative part …

Современный подход к диагностике диабетической ретинопатии

В этой статье рассматриваются инновационные методы диагностики диабетической ретинопатии, поскольку распространение сахарного диабета и его осложнений продолжает расти. Новые методы сосредоточены на раннем обнаружении заболеваний. Технологические новшества, такие как телеофтальмология, смартфонная фотография, искусственный интеллект с глубоким обучением или широкополосная фотография, могут повысить диагностическую точность и ускорить лечение. В ходе обзора в качестве перспективных решений для дистанционного офтальмологического обслуживания рассматриваются телеоптальмология и ручная фотография.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
This article reviews innovative diagnostic approaches for diabetic retinopathy as the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its complications … ocol. It allows retinal imaging without pupil dilation, especially for individuals with compromised mydriasis. However, they also have drawbacks, including high costs, artifacts from eyelashes, eyelid margins, and peripheral distortion. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning, particularly through convolutional neural networks, are r …

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in dogs suggests postoperative ocular hypertension may be associated with ciliary cleft changes related to cataract surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether novel pre- and postsurgical ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) measurements of the canine ciliary cleft (CC) are associated with postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) following cataract surgery and to explore the relationship between intraocular pressure and CC UBM measurements. METHODS: Following pharmacologic mydriasis, UBM images were obtained from 31 client-owned dogs before elective cataract surgery, immediately postsurgery, and 4 to 6 hours following surgery or while experiencing POH ≥ 25 mm Hg. Presurgery and the pre- to postsurgery change in CC measuremen…

Diminished pupillary light reflexes, elevated third eyelids, and decreased tear production are commonly associated with canine dysautonomia.

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively describe ocular abnormalities reported in dogs with presumed dysautonomia. ANIMALS: 79 dogs with dysautonomia … es were bilaterally decreased in 32 of 56 (57.1%) dogs. Other ocular abnormalities included resting mydriasis, ocular discharge, photophobia, blepharospasm, corneal ulceration, and conjunctival vessel pallor. The most common nonocular clinical signs were vomiting or regurgitation in 69 of 79 (87.3%) and diarrhea in 34 of 79 (43.0%) dogs. Pharmacologic testi …

Diphenhydramine-Induced Antimuscarinic Delirium Treated with Physostigmine and Transdermal Rivastigmine.

INTRODUCTION: Recurrent physostigmine shortages present a challenge to healthcare providers treating antimuscarinic delirium. Other centrall … l status after rivastigmine discontinuation, the patient had a dry mouth, difficulty urinating, and mydriasis until hospital day 5. She never developed muscarinic toxicity. DISCUSSION: Transdermal rivastigmine may be a useful treatment alternative or adjunct during physostigmine shortage for antimuscarinic delirium and has a long duration of action without …

Efficacy of the intracamerally administered mydriatics for cataract surgery in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To compare Mydrane®, mydriatic eye drops, and Mydriasert® in terms of pupil site stability, surgical time, visual field, and anteri … ne, remaining stable for 30 days after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Mydrane® produced adequate and stable mydriasis as effectively as produced by Mydriasert® and topical eye drops.

Serotonin Syndrome Triggered by Overuse of Caffeine and Complicated With Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A Case Report.

Serotonin syndrome is a rare complication occurring in patients with psychiatric disorders that are treated with selective serotonin reuptak … s diagnosed with serotonin syndrome based on her clinical symptomology, which included diaphoresis, mydriasis, fine tremor, myoclonus, hypertension, and tachycardia. She was treated with diazepam and cyproheptadine hydrochloride hydrate. Later, she experienced muscle pain with increased creatinine kinase levels after she failed to take levodopa and carbidop …

Massive Brain Swelling Following Reduction Cranioplasty for Secondary Turricephaly.

Cranioplasty is commonly performed to treat craniosynostosis. A rare postsurgical complication is massive brain swelling with elevated intracranial pressure. This commonly presents with mydriasis, coma, and seizures; radiologic findings include cerebral edema, parenchymal hemorrhages, and ischemic changes.The authors describe a 9-year-old boy who developed massive brain swelling following reduction cranioplasty for secondary turricephaly. His history included surgical repair of metopic-craniosynostosis at age 5.5 months, by means of an anterior cranial-vault reconstruction with fronto-orbital …

Safety and efficacy data supporting U.S. FDA approval of intracameral phenylephrine and ketorolac 1.0%/0.3% for pediatric cataract surgery: clinical safety and pupil and pain management.

PURPOSE: To assess the safety of phenylephrine and ketorolac (PE/K) 1.0%/0.3% compared with phenylephrine (PE) 1.0% in children aged 0 to 3 … and 0.021, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: PE/K 1.0%/0.3% was safe for use in children and maintained mydriasis during cataract surgery. Postoperative pain levels were lower in the PE/K 1.0%/0.3% group.

Trends in licence approvals for ophthalmic medicines in the United Kingdom.

OBJECTIVES: The grant of marketing authorisation (MA) for new medicines requires comprehensive assessment by regulatory authorities. This st … ajority of glaucoma FDCs. Other FDCs were approved for antibiotic/inflammatory (5; 7.5%), pupillary mydriasis (2; 3%), allergy (2; 3%) and ocular surface lubrication (1; 1.5%) products. A median of 16 licences were approved per year (range 7 [2005] to 35 [2011]). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of MAs granted were for single-agent products, particularly ocular h …

Cerebellar cortical degeneration associated with feline leukemia virus infection and cerebellar lymphoma in a young cat.

BACKGROUND: Cerebellar cortical degeneration (CCD) is the premature death of cerebellar neurons of heterogeneous etiology that is uncommonly observed as a neurological complication of certain neoplasia. CASE DESCRIPTION: Here, we report an 8-month-old male domestic cat with altered consciousness, symmetric ataxia, hypermetric gait, vertical positional nystagmus, mydriasis, strabismus, intention tremor of the head, and increased patellar reflexes. Neuroanatomical diagnosis suggested a multifocal brain dysfunction (cerebellar and cerebral). The cat tested seropositive for feline leukemia virus.…

Isolated schwannoma involving extraocular muscles.

BACKGROUND: Progressive strabismus initially considered idiopathic may be caused by isolated schwannomas of motor nerves to extraocular musc … trochlear schwannoma caused hypertropia and cyclotropia. Intracranial oculomotor schwannoma caused mydriasis and exotropia. Intraorbital schwannoma caused exotropia with or without hypertropia. Since lesion diameters were 3-9 mm, 6 had been previously missed on routine MRI. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive, acquired strabismus may be caused by isolated cranial ne …

Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon: a review article.

Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon (KWNP) is a false localising sign which may still cause diagnostic confusion. It was first described by Ke … drome. Additional clinical manifestations to hemibrachiocrural syndrome included third nerve palsy, mydriasis of the contralateral and ipsilateral pupils, facial nerve palsies, and parkinsonism. Twenty-six (67%) patients had improvement in motor function of varying degrees, with twelve (31%) patients attaining complete motor recovery or independence. More s …