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Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Tetraena simplex extracts of various polarities.

Nowadays, infectious and oxidative stress-related diseases are leading to many deaths worldwide. Tetraena simplex, a new species (synonym) that is mainly grown in Oman, has traditionally been used as a medicine for asthma. This study aimed to assess antioxidant and antibacterial activities of T. simplex extracts of various polarities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and agar gel diffusion assays. Among the six extracts prepared, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest antioxidant activity and hexane extract showed the lowest antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of the extracts…

Can developing countries face novel coronavirus outbreak alone? The Iraqi situation.

Iraq is one of seven Arabic countries (Lebanon, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia) that acquired novel coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) via people who have visited Iran recently. Iraqi outdated public healthcare settings are already overwhelmed with many acute injuries from ongoing unrest. Iraq faces six challenges in controlling COVID-19 [1]: A shortage in number of quarantine facilities [2], the availability of the testing which is limited to one governmental lab only in Baghdad [3], a shortage in personal protective equipment (PPE) and ambulances [4], a low level of public awar…

The Identification of Pompe Disease Mutations in Archival Tissues and Development of a Rapid Molecular-based Test.

OBJECTIVES: Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease that is caused by acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency. Early enzyme replacement therapy can benefit infants with the disease but the diagnosis is complicated by the rarity of the disease and the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestations. In this study, DNA extracted from archival postmortem formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues was used to identify Pompe disease mutations in Oman and develop a rapid molecular-based test. METHODS: Intronic primers were designed to amplify sh…

The parasitic nematodes Hysterothylacium sp. type MB larvae as bioindicators of lead and cadmium: a comparative study of parasite and host tissues.

Cadmium and lead concentrations were compared in tissues of cutlassfish, Trichiurus lepturus L., its intestinal nematode Hysterothylacium sp. type MB larvae, and in water from the same location in the Sea of Oman. Metal accumulation in hosts, parasites and sea water was measured by ICP-OES. Hysterothylacium larvae from the intestinal lumen and visceral cavity showed much higher metal concentrations than in host tissues or sea water. Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in metal accumulation between infected and uninfected hosts. Cadmium concentration in the host muscle was …

Tear film status in patients attending the eye clinic in South sharqiya region.

OBJECTIVE: To study the tear film profile of patients attending the eye clinic of Sur hospital of South Sharqiya region of Oman and to study the epidemiology of patients having abnormal tear film profile. METHOD: Patients attending the eye clinic of Sur hospital and B. Ali eye clinic were asked about the clinical symptoms relevant to dry eye and subjected to tear film tests namely TBUT (Tear Break up Time) and Schirmer's 1 to assess tear film profile. Patients with irregular corneas were excluded from the study. Overall 127 patients were included in the study. RESULTS: 42.5% (95% CI: 33.9% t…

Validation of the supinator fat pad sign in radial head and neck fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the displacement of the supinator fat pad in radial head and neck fractures and to validate its significance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred two adult patients from the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman with confirmed radial head and/or neck fractures were included. Fractures were classified using the Mason-Johnston classification. The displacement of the supinator fat pad from the radius was measured on anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral radiographs and correlated to fracture classification. RE…

Нынешнее состояние геморрагической лихорадки Крымско-Конго в регионе Восточного Средиземноморья Всемирной организации здравоохранения: вопросы, проблемы и будущие направления.

Крымско-конголезская геморрагическая лихорадка (CFF) является наиболее распространенным вирусным заболеванием, передаваемым тиками, от которого страдают люди. Это заболевание носит эндемический характер во многих регионах, таких, как Африка, Азия, Восточная и Южная Европа и Центральная Азия. В последнее время в странах Восточносредиземноморского региона Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) наблюдается стремительный рост распространенности CFV, при этом из ряда стран региона поступают сообщения о спорадических случаях заболевания людьми и вспышках CFV. Несмотря на быстрый рост заболеваем

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most widespread, tick-borne viral disease affecting humans. The disease is endemic in many re … that are hindering effective control interventions, a sub-regional meeting was organized in Muscat, Oman, from December 7 to 9, 2015. This article summarizes the current knowledge of the disease in the region, identifies the knowledge gaps that present challenges for the prevention and control of CCHFV, and details a strategic framework for research an …

True Intramural Esophageal Duplication Cyst.

Esophageal duplication is the second most common site of gastrointestinal duplication and most cases present with complications. These complications include bleeding, infection, dysphagia, and dyspnea. We report an incidental case of a true intramural esophageal duplication cyst in a new military recruit. The patient was diagnosed in Armed Forces Hospital, Oman. The patient came for a pre-recruitment routine check-up, he was found to have a suspicious soft tissue lesion on chest X-ray. He was referred to the thoracic surgeon for further investigations. The investigations included computed tomo…

Study of total phenol, flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of various leaves crude extracts of locally grown Thymus vulgaris.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare various crude extracts using different polarities of solvent and to quantitatively evaluate their total phenol, flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of Thymus vulgaris collected from Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman. METHODS: The leave sample was extracted with methanol and evaporated. Then it was defatted with water and extracted with different polarities organic solvents with increasing polarities. The prepare hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol crude extracts were used for their evaluation of total phenol, flavonoids contents…

Estimation of effective half life of clearance of radioactive Iodine (I) in patients treated for hyperthyroidism and carcinoma thyroid.

BACKGROUND: In medical applications of radioisotopes, for calculations of whole body doses and radiation safety applications, there is a need to estimate radioactive body burden. Local recommendations in Oman stipulate the need for hospitalization of patients treated for radioactive-iodine ((131) I) with activities above 400 MBq. MATERIALS #ENTITYSTARTX00026; METHODS: A study of body burden estimation from sequentially measured exposure rates from patients treated for carcinoma thyroid and hyperthyroidism was undertaken. A digital auto-ranging beta gamma survey instrument calibrated for measu…

Determinants of myopia among Omani school children: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to determine risk factors for myopia in students of 10th grade of eight regions of Oman. METHODS: This was a case control study. Students of 10th grade with and without myopia were cases and controls respectively. In 2002 to 2003, their vision, refractive status, and physical measurements were recorded. The health records of all students were reviewed for their ocular and physical status in the 7th grade. The association of myopia to anthropometric variables, "Protein Energy Malnourishment" status, gender, history of myopia in parents and sibling, trachoma, and allergi…

Evaluation of the Industrial Source Complex Short-Term model: dispersion over terrain.

Terrain around an air discharge source can have several influences on diffusion, the pattern of plume dispersion, the wind flow, and the turbulence characteristics. The Industrial Source Complex Short-Term (ISCST) model contains simple algorithms to attempt to account for the effects of terrain. The model has the ability to analyze concentrations in any type of terrain by using the terrain options available for running the model. In this study, the ISCST model was adopted to predict the concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in and around the Mina Al-Fahal refinery in Oman. The central purpose …

Recessive Robinow syndrome, allelic to dominant brachydactyly type B, is caused by mutation of ROR2.

The autosomal recessive form of Robinow syndrome (RRS; MIM 268310) is a severe skeletal dysplasia with generalized limb bone shortening, seg … yrosine kinase domain and all subsequent 3' regions of the gene in 14 patients from 7 families from Oman. The nature of these mutations suggests that RRS is caused by loss of ROR2 activity. The identification of mutations in three distinct domains (containing Frizzled-like, kringle and tyrosine kinase motifs) indicates that these are all essential for …

LUNELORD: A descriptive, prospective study on the demographics, disease characteristics and health-related quality of life of patients with LUpus NEphritis and long-term ORgan damage in rheumatology clinics in the Arabian Gulf.

BackgroundLupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. However, there is a paucity of literature on the clinical characteristics and standard of care of patients in the Arabian Gulf. The LUNELORD study aimed to describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with LN in the region.MethodsEligible adult patients with LN were enrolled from rheumatology centres in the UAE, Qatar, Oman and Kuwait and followed up for 12 months of routine care. Data were…

Enhancing Delirium Prediction and Prevention in Elderly Patients Through Machine Learning-Based Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify predictors of delirium within 24 hours of admission in elderly patients using machine learning (ML) models and evaluate their performance. METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted among patients aged 65 years and older admitted to the general medical unit of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, from January 2022 to May 2023. Clinical and demographic data were collected and analysed using 4 ML models: logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting and support vector machine. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, p…

Biofilm-Induced Bone Degradation in Osteomyelitis: Insights from a comprehensive ex vivo pathogen interaction study.

OBJECTIVES: Osteomyelitis, characterised by bone inflammation due to microbial infection, presents significant healthcare challenges. While … om patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between January 2021 and December 2022. The samples were then inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus to simulate in vitro bone infection. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyse the bacterial interaction wi …

Clinical and Autoimmune Profiles of Omani Patients with True Versus False Positive Autoimmune Encephalitis Antibodies Panels.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the clinical profiles of Omani patients with true-positive autoimmune encephalitis (AE) autoantibodies and compare them with those having false-positive autoantibodies. The incidence of AE is rising due to growing awareness and the detection of new autoantibodies. Coinciding with this rise are false positive autoantibodies without clinical correlates. METHODS: The medical records of all patients who tested positive for AE antibodies in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, from May 2016 to December 2022 were reviewed. Cases were verified by th…

Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Omani children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer: a prospective cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer often experience psychological distress, encompassing anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of these conditions among Omani children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer, alongside identifying contributing factors. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to June 2023 among a cohort of Omani children and adolescents (6-18 years old) diagnosed with cancer at three primary cancer referral centres in Oman. Validated Arabic-language …

Noise Mapping, Prevalence and Risk Factors of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss among Workers at Muscat International Airport.

UNLABELLED: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common occupational hazard and a major cause of deafness among airport workers. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the various risk factors related to hearing loss. PURPOSE: the purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence and risk factors of NIHL among Muscat International Airport airside workers. METHOD: Their daily noise exposure level at the airport was measured, and the time-weighted average (TWA) was calculated for each airside department. A cross-sectional study design involving 312 workers from the eight d

Driving and diabetes mellitus in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: Call for action.

The aim of the present article is to increase awareness concerning safe driving for patients with diabetes in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and to provide recommendations concerning the management of these patients. The cognitive, motor, and sensory skills required for driving can be adversely affected by diabetes as well as the side effects of anti-diabetic medications, particularly hypoglycemia. The prevalence of diabetes in the GCC countries is among the highest in the world. As the number of diabetic drivers in these countries continues to increase, the number at risk of hav