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An Enigmatic Clinical Presentation of Plasma Cell Granuloma of the Oral Cavity.

Plasma cell granuloma is a rare benign lesion characterized by the infiltration of plasma cells; primarily occurring in the lungs. It is also seen to occur in the brain, kidney stomach, heart, and so on but its intraoral occurrence is a rarity. This case report represents one of the uncommon locations in the oral cavity affected by plasma cell granuloma, its clinical and histological features, and establishes the differential diagnosis with other malignant or benign disease entities and planning the treatment accordingly. This report discusses the diagnostic enigma and the associated terminolo…

Characteristics of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients With Plasma Cell Disorders.

BACKGROUND: Although increased rates of vitamin B12 deficiency have been reported in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs), no mechanism has been identified. Excess free light chains (FLCs) could disrupt the renal proximal tubule receptors where B12 is reabsorbed. We sought to characterize the relationship between B12 deficiency and PCDs. We hypothesized that rates of B12 deficiency would be highest in patients with PCDs with high FLC burdens. METHODS: We reviewed the electronic medical records of 501 patients who met inclusion criteria (diagnosed PCD with documented serum B12 and FLC l

A Rare Case of Primary Plasma Cell Leukaemia with Monosomy X.

Primary Plasma Cell Leukaemia (pPCL) is a very rare and aggressive subtype of plasma cell dyscrasias with a very poor outcome and characterized by presence of >2x109/l circulating plasma cells. Overall incidence being 1%-2% of all malignant plasma cell diseases and 0.9% of all acute leukaemias. Patients with primary and secondary PCL have similar clinical features but differences do exist. Here we report a rare and interesting case diagnosed as primary PCL in a 44-year-old female with unusual clinical presentation and complex karyotyping. Her serum electrophoresis showed a monoclonal IgG compo…

Plasma Gelsolin Promotes Proliferation of Mesangial Cell in IgA Nephropathy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is an actin-binding protein that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. However, whether pGSN is involved in other immunological diseases remains unknown. This study focused on the relationship between pGSN and immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN). METHODS: Two hundred patients with IgAN, 200 patients each with several other types of nephropathy and healthy controls (HCs) who underwent kidney biopsies between 2000 and 2014 were enrolled in the study. The Oxford classification system was used to predict the risk of diseas

Future Directions in the Evaluation and Treatment of Precursor Plasma Cell Disorders.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease that progresses from a premalignant stage termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and an intermediate stage of smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). Recent major advances in therapy with more effective and less toxic treatments have brought reconsideration of early therapeutic intervention in management of SMM, with the goal of reducing progression of the disease before the occurrence of end-organ damage to MM and improving survival. Key to this effort is accurate identification of patients at high risk of progression who woul

A case of acute promyelocytic leukemia concomitant with plasma cell myeloma.

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… The cellularity of biopsy was 70% and diffuse infiltration of two distinct populations consisting of leukemic myeloid cells (myeloblasts and abnormal promyelocytes) and plasma cells was observed. … In addition, bone marrow with 16% plasma cells was noted, which is not usually seen in reactive plasmacytosis, where plasma cells typically do not exceed 10% [ 13 ]. …

Plasma cell neoplasms in US solid organ transplant recipients.

Transplant recipients have elevated risk for plasma cell neoplasms (PCNs, comprising multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma), but little is known about risk factors in the transplant setting. Through linkage of the US solid organ transplant registry with 15 state/regional cancer registries, we identified 140 PCNs in 202 600 recipients (1987-2009). PCN risk was 1.8-fold increased relative to the general population (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] 1.80, 95%CI 1.51-2.12). Among cases, 102 were multiple myeloma (SIR 1.41) and 38 were plasmacytoma (SIR 7.06). PCN incidence increased with age, but due

[Clinical analysis of plasma cell granuloma occurred in head and neck].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell granuloma in the head and neck region. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 3 cases of plasma cell granuloma occurred in head and neck. One case treated with endoscopic surgery and nasal and oral steroids after operation. Two cases treated with Caldwell-Luc style resection, followed by oral steroids and radiotherapy, one of the two cases combined with chemotherapy simultaneously. RESULT: The patient done with endoscopic surgery followed up for 5 years, there was no tumor recurrence in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus openings

Plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid gland: a challenging diagnostic problem.

This study reports a case of plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid gland in a 47-year-old woman, presenting with a right subhyoid mass and a previous diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis dating back to 1988, which was made on a subtotal thyroidectomy. Plasma cell granuloma preferentially involves the lung, with only 18 cases of thyroid gland involvement having been reported to date in the English literature. Thyroid plasma cell granuloma preferentially affects women and classically shows a prominent plasma cell infiltrate embedded in a variable degree of fibrous stroma: only 2 of the reported cas

Renal failure caused by plasma cell infiltration in multiple myeloma.

We report on a case of severe renal failure in a 61-year-old female with multiple myeloma (MM). Two months prior to admission, the patient was diagnosed to have anemia and progressive renal failure associated with urinary Bence Jones protein and was referred to our hospital. A bone marrow biopsy revealed 40% plasma cells with κ light chain restriction. Thus, she was considered to have MM. A renal biopsy revealed neoplastic plasma cell infiltration within the kidney, moderate interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and punctate, electron-dense material along the peripheral capillary walls, tubu…

Plasma decorin predicts the presence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Using a microarray technique, we found decorin to be underexpressed, but osteopontin (OPN) to be overexpressed, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aims to examine whether plasma decorin and OPN plus personal substances use (tobacco, alcohol and areca) can serve as suitable clinical markers to predict the presence of ESCC. In total, 570 archived plasma specimens (275 patients and 295 controls) were collected from 2 medical centers in Taiwan between 2000 and 2008. Decorin and OPN protein levels were measured by ELISA. Means and standard deviation of plasma decorin were 5.6

A rare case of plasma cell leukemia in a 35 year old.

Plasma cell leukemia is a rare, aggressive form of multiple myeloma. A 35-year-old male presented with backache, generalized weakness, and facial puffiness. His complete blood count showed anemia and a high WBC count with atypical cells on peripheral smear. Bone marrow examination showed more than 90% of atypical plasma cells, confirming a diagnosis of plasma cell leukemia. Patient also had azotemia, hypercalcemia, and hyperuricemia. The patient was started on chemotherapy along with supportive care. Patient improved dramatically and he was discharged on regular follow-up.

The endoplasmic reticulum is a key component of the plasma cell death pathway.

Plasma cells (PC) are the effector cells of the humoral Ab response. Unlike other dedicated secretory cells, they exist as two populations with opposite cell fates: short-lived and long-lived PC. Upon transformation they lead to an incurable neoplasia called multiple myeloma. In this study we have explored the molecular mechanism of PC death. Our data show that their apoptotic pathway is unique among other hemopoietic cells inasmuch as neither the death receptors nor the mitochondria play the central role. PC apoptosis is initiated by activation of Bax at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and…

Cell-free DNA in maternal plasma: is it all a question of size?

Fetal cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) represents only a small fraction of the total cf-DNA in maternal plasma. This feature has rendered it difficult to reliably distinguish fetal alleles which are not very disparate from maternal ones, such as those involving point mutations, by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approaches. It has recently been shown that cell-free fetal DNA molecules have a smaller size than comparable cf-DNA molecules of maternal origin, and that this feature can be exploited for the selective enrichment of fetal DNA sequences, thereby permitting the detection of ot

Polyclonal plasma cell proliferation with marked hypergammaglobulinemia and multiple autoantibodies.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) exists in various forms including physical, psychological, sexual, and economic. Although abundant literature documented the association between physical, psychological, or sexual violence with the associated mental well-being outcomes on survivors, the literature on economic violence, and its consequences were insufficient. In the past, most of the literature captured economic abuse within the scope of psychological abuse. However, different from psychological abuse, survivors of economic abuse may directly suffer from deteriorating economic well-being. Therefo

Meningeal plasma cell granuloma with relapsing polychondritis. Case report.

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare systemic disease characterized by recurrent inflammation of the cartilaginous structures and connective tissue. Central nervous system lesions in association with RP have occasionally been reported, but intracranial mass lesions have not been described. The authors report the first such case, in which a 51-year-old man presented with parasagittal meningeal plasma cell granuloma with RP. The mass was subtotally resected and adjuvant radiotherapy was administered. The patient did not experience any recurrence of the lesion during an 8-year follow-up period