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Effects of a multispecies synbiotic on glucose metabolism, lipid marker, gut microbiome composition, gut permeability, and quality of life in diabesity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.

PURPOSE: Diabesity, the combination of obesity and type 2 diabetes, is an ever-growing global health burden. Diabesity-associated dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome has gained attention as a potential driver of disease and, therefore, a possible therapeutic target by means of pro- or prebiotic supplementation. This study tested the effects of a multispecies synbiotic (i.e. a combination of probiotics and prebiotics) on glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, gut permeability, neutrophil function and quality of life in treatment-experienced diabesity patients. METHODS: A randomized, double-bli…

The effect of oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation on gut microbiota, nutritional status and gastrointestinal symptoms in paediatric coeliac disease patients on a gluten-free diet: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: A lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) is regarded as the only proven and accepted therapy for coeliac disease (CD). However, even patients who strictly follow a GFD often suffer from intestinal symptoms and malabsorption. Selective modulation of intestinal microbiota with prebiotics could remedy various symptoms associated with CD. The use of prebiotics in the treatment of intestinal diseases remains insufficiently investigated. To our knowledge, this study makes the first attempt to evaluate the effect of prebiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal symptoms and nutritional status of…

Is early nutrition related to short-term health and long-term outcome?

This paper summarizes the literature concerning the effects of administering (1) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), (2) probiotics and/or (3) prebiotics to preterm infants. Clinically relevant, short- and long-term efficacy outcomes, such as those related to a reduced risk of disease, as well as outcomes related to safety, were sought. MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library literature searches performed in September 2010 were limited to randomized controlled trials, their systematic reviews or meta-analyses. LCPUFA supplementation, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), of infant for…

Lactobacillus crispatus as biomarker of the healthy vaginal tract.

Decades of research have shown that the lactobacilli inhabiting the human vagina are the first line of defense in the female urogenital and reproductive tracts. In healthy cervicovaginal microbiota, Lactobacillus crispatus is prevalent and beneficial with production of copious amounts of lactic acid potent broad spectrum bactericide virucide and immunomodulator. Future and preventic approaches may need to include probiotics, prebiotics also have the potential to optimize and restore the vaginal ecosystem.

Bioactive fructans from Bacillus subtilis and the multifunctional role of L3 with cytotoxic, anticoagulant, and antimicrobial activities.

This study examined how culture conditions affect the molecular weight (MW), structure, and function of four Bacillus subtilis fructans (L1-L4). The polysaccharides (170-34 kDa) were characterized using TLC, FTIR, and NMR, revealing clear MW-dependent bioactivities. The highest-MW fructan, L1 (170 kDa), showed broad antimicrobial effects and strong prebiotic activity with minimal cytotoxicity. L2 (61 kDa) demonstrated exceptional anticoagulant efficacy, extending clotting time to 187 min, surpassing heparin. The low-MW L3 (34 kDa), enriched in extended β-(2 → 6) linkages, exhibited the stronge

Mechanistic insights into formose side reactions: Cannizzaro disproportionation and competing pathways.

As a leading candidate for prebiotic synthesis of carbohydrates, the formose reaction has been the subject of extensive investigation. However, formaldehyde's reactivity enables competing pathways that divert the formose condensation, generating dead-end products. Here, we employ our recently developed roto-translationally invariant potential-driven molecular dynamics to investigate the side pathways in the formose reaction network, identifying several new reaction mechanisms. Complementary density functional theory calculations with transition state optimization demonstrate the Cannizzaro dis

Effects of lactoferrin in 6 patients with refractory bacterial vaginosis.

We previously reported that lactoferrin (LF) could be effective for preventing preterm delivery and intrauterine infections, based on data derived from mice and rabbits. Here we describe 6 women with a history of multiple pregnancy losses or preterm delivery and refractory bacterial vaginosis, who received prebiotic LF therapy and delivered an infant normally. Five of the women were pregnant and one was not at the time of this study. The Ethics Committee at Showa University Hospital and Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital approved the therapeutic protocol. Vaginal suppositories and oral preb

The microbiota-gut-immunity axis in teleost fish: dual regulatory mechanisms of viral infections and prospects for microbiome-based antiviral strategies.

Bacteria and viruses engage in complex synergistic and antagonistic interactions with profound implications for host health, particularly th … iviral interventions. Furthermore, we critically evaluate emerging strategies-including probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), microalgae, seaweed, and phytoactive compounds-to develop preventive and therapeutic countermeasures. Based on mechanistic insights, probiotics and prebiotics emerge as the most promi …

Interventions targeting the gut microbiota and their possible effect on gastrointestinal and neurobehavioral symptoms in autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that is characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetit … biota - such as fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), microbiota transplant therapy (MTT), probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, antifungals, and diet - promise to improve gut health and can potentially improve neurological symptoms. The modulation of the gut microbiota using MTT in ASD has shown beneficial and long-term effects on GI symptoms and co …

Роль кишечного микробиота и взаимодействия иммунной системы в области аутоиммунных заболеваний.

СТРУКТУРА: Сложная взаимосвязь между кишечной микробиотой и иммунной системой стала центральной темой в понимании аутоиммунного патогенеза. В этом обзоре всесторонне изучается роль кишечного микробиота в формировании иммунного развития, установлении иммунной терпимости и содействии как местному, так и системному иммунальному регулированию. МЕТОДЫ: В настоящем обзоре синтезируется модульное воздействие микробных метаболитов (например, короткоцепных жирных кислот и производных индолов) на регулируемые Т-элементы (Трегы) и подстрекательские пути. Концепция "дисбиоза" изучается с функциональной и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The intricate interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system has emerged as a central theme in understanding … immune disorders (IBD, MS, RA, and T1D). Microbiota-targeted therapeutic interventions (probiotics, prebiotics, FMT) are also evaluated. KEY FINDINGS: The synthesis of the literature confirms that microbial metabolites have a direct impact on Treg differentiation and inflammatory pathways. Dysbiosis, through functional and compositional disruptions, is stro …

Serum Concentration of Antibodies to Mumps, but Not Measles, Rubella, or Varicella, Is Associated with Intake of Dietary Fiber in the NHANES, 1999-2004.

Treatment with prebiotics, a type of dietary fiber, was recently shown to increase antibody concentrations following influenza vaccination in a meta-analysis of clinical trials. In observational epidemiologic studies it is not possible to estimate intake of prebiotics, but quantifying intake of dietary fiber is routine. Our objective was to investigate the potential effect of dietary fiber on immunogenicity. We examined serum antibody concentrations (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella) in relation to dietary fiber in more than 12,000 subjects in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Exami…

Functional abiotic metabolite assembly hypothesis for the early events in the origin of life.

The RNA world hypothesis provides a compelling framework for the emergence of life, yet a fundamental gap remains between simple abiotic molecules and complex functional RNA polymers. Here, we propose the Functional Abiotic Metabolite Assembly hypothesis, in which simple prebiotically abundant molecules, particularly amino acids and nucleobases, preceded peptides and RNA as self-organizing functional entities. Unlike peptides, which are rarely detected in abiotic contexts, metabolite-like molecules are readily found in meteorites and early Earth simulations and can self-assemble into ordered,

Rapid Activation of Amino Acids with Cyanide and Hypochlorite.

Cyanogen chloride (NCCl) produced from the reaction of -CN with HOCl has previously been shown to afford activation of ribonucleotides. We now report that NCCl reacts with primary aliphatic amino acids to rapidly produce N-carbamoyl dipeptides in excellent yields (89-98%). Studies with l-alanine suggest that racemization of the amino acids does not occur significantly during the reaction. Quantum chemical (DFT) calculations predict that the mechanism proceeds via activated 2-amino-5(4H)-oxazolone intermediates, which undergo amino acid nucleophilic attack. NCCl can also be generated in situ fr

Protective Effect of Alkaline Phosphatase Supplementation on Infant Health.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is abundant in raw milk. Because of its high heat resistance, ALP negative is used as an indicator of successful sterilization. However, pasteurized milk loses its immune protection against allergy. Clinically, ALP is also used as an indicator of organ diseases. When the activity of ALP in blood increases, it is considered that diseases occur in viscera and organs. Oral administration or injecting ALP will not cause harm to the body and has a variety of probiotic effects. For infants with low immunity, ALP intake is a good prebiotic for protecting the infant's intest

Stability of DL-Glyceraldehyde under Simulated Hydrothermal Conditions: Synthesis of Sugar-like Compounds in an Iron(III)-Oxide-Hydroxide-Rich Environment under Acidic Conditions.

Researchers have suggested that the condensation of low-molecular-weight aldehydes under basic conditions (e.g., pH > 11) is the prebiotic reaction responsible for the abiotic formation of carbohydrates. It has also been suggested that surface hydrothermal systems were ubiquitous during the early Archean period. Therefore, the catalysis of prebiotic carbohydrate synthesis by metallic oxide minerals under acidic conditions in these environments seems considerably more probable than the more widely hypothesized reaction routes. This study investigates the stability of DL-glyceraldehyde and its r

Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and virginiamycin on the cecal microbial community and intestinal morphology of chickens raised under suboptimal conditions.

There is an increasing movement against use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed. Prebiotic supplementation is a potential alternative to enhance the host's natural defense through modulation of gut microbiota. In the present study, the effect of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and virginiamycin (VIRG) on cecal microbial ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens raised under suboptimal conditions was evaluated. MOS and VIRG induced different bacterial community structures, as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA. The antibiotic treatment reduced cec

Ethanolic chicory leaf extract enhances hematological profile, gut microbiota, and intestinal morphology in rabbits.

BACKGROUND: Prebiotics contribute substantially to livestock physiology by promoting health equilibrium. Chicory leaves have been a subject of research as a natural prebiotic and exhibit various phytoconstituents that act as nutraceutical agents. However, the in vivo efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract remains under-researched. AIM: This study aimed to examine the impact of ethanolic chicory leaf extract (CLE) on the blood profile, intestinal microbial species, and histology of male rabbits. METHODS: To prepare the leaf extract, ethanol was used as the solvent and was extracted using a rotato…

Improved Functionality, Quality, and Shelf Life of Merguez-Type Camel Sausage Fortified with Spirulina as a Natural Ingredient.

The objective of the present work was to examine the effect of incorporating spirulina powder (SP) in merguez-type sausages made exclusively with camel meat, as well as to evaluate its physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory quality attributes and its prebiotic potential. The final purpose was to offer an innovative meat product to increase camel meat consumption. Several innovative fresh sausage formulations were developed using SP (00, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and stored under vacuum conditions with refrigeration at 1 ± 1 °C for 35 days. A control group of camel sausage without SP was

Supplementation of dietary non-digestible oligosaccharides from birth onwards improve social and reduce anxiety-like behaviour in male BALB/c mice.

Objective: The intestinal microbiota is acknowledged to be essential in brain development and behaviour. Their composition can be modulated by prebiotics such as short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS) and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (lcFOS). Several studies reported potential health benefit of prebiotics on behaviour. As the prebiotic mixture of scGOS and lcFOS is included in infant formula, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with this specific mixture from the day of birth onwards on behaviour and intestinal microbiota development in mice. Method: Healthy male …

The role of microbiota on thyroid cancer: from carcinogenicity, treatment and predictability.

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the mechanism of microbiota in thyroid cancer (TC). Gut microbiota (GM) and its me … in non-surgical treatments for TC. Furthermore, gut microbiota modulators, including probiotics and prebiotics, represent a potential therapeutic strategy for TC, offering new avenues for individualized treatment. In addition, the differences of microbiota in patients with TC can be used to predict tumor subtype, invasion, lymph node metastasis, and the effi …