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Occlusive retinal vasculopathy with macular branch retinal artery occlusion as a leading sign of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome - a case report.

BACKGROUND: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a rare disorder characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure, considered within the group of thrombocytic microangiopathies. Ocular complications in HUS are very rare. Here, we report an adult patient who suffered from acute onset of paracentral scotoma, caused by branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), as a leading symptom of atypical HUS. CASE PRESENTATION: A 39-year-old healthy male was lately diagnosed with essential hypertension and mild renal impairment. He complained about acute…

Subclinical inner retinal layer thickness changes in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral central retinal artery occlusion: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: To investigate microstructural changes in the macular inner retinal layers over time in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). METHODS: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans of 16 patients with CRAO were performed at initial examination (1st day), at 1st month, at 3rd month, at 6th month, and the central macular thickness (CMT) and inner retinal layer thicknesses in the fellow eyes of the patients were compared between each visit. The thicknesses of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform …

Optical coherence tomography-based determination of ischaemia onset - the temporal dynamics of retinal thickness increase in acute central retinal artery occlusion.

PURPOSE: Acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) induces ischaemic retinal oedema. The purpose of this study was to define sensitivity and specificity of optical coherence tomography (OCT) based retinal thickness analysis in determining ischaemia onset in CRAO. METHODS: The relative retinal thickness increase (RRTI) in comparison with the fellow eye was analysed retrospectively in OCT scans of 66 patients diagnosed with CRAO between January 2010 and December 2019 within 48 hr of ischaemia onset. The natural course of RRTI and the sensitivity and specificity of OCT-based determination of…

Successful intra-arterial thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion secondary to chronic internal carotid artery occlusion: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Chronic internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) is an uncommon etiology of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). The role of intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) remains contentious in such cases. This report details the technical feasibility of IAT administered through angiographically identified maxillary-ophthalmic collaterals for acute CRAO occurring in a patient with chronic ICAO. CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old male presented with sudden, painless vision loss (finger counting) in the left eye due to CRAO secondary to chronic ICAO. After failed conservative treatment, IAT w…

Distribution of internal carotid artery plaque locations among patients with central retinal artery occlusion in the Eagle study population.

PURPOSE: Arterial emboli in the internal carotid artery (ICA) mainly cause cerebral ischemia; only 10 % of emboli reach the retinal arteries. Computational blood flow studies suggest that plaques situated in the ICA siphon may be a source of embolism to the ophthalmic artery (OA). To validate these calculated probabilities in patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), we reanalyzed digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images from the Multicenter Study of the European Assessment Group for Lysis in the Eye (EAGLE) study, a multicenter randomized study in patients with nonarteritic C…

Intravenous thrombolysis in central retinal artery occlusion as an effective and safe treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a relatively rare but underestimated medical emergency leading to severe vision loss. It is considered the ocular equivalent of ischemic stroke. There is still no definite recommendation for treatment. Currently considered and one of the increasingly preferred options is intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Presented here are the results of a multicenter retrospective study to assess the safety and effectiveness of thrombolytic treatment in CRAO. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients with CRAO from eight centers who received IVT were included i…

Combined Central Retinal Vein and Artery Occlusion Following Head Trauma: A Case Report.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of combined central retinal vein and artery occlusion following a motor vehicle accident. METHODS: The patient' … m. Optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography 5 days later confirmed combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion. Hematologic workup and neuroimaging were unrevealing. By 9-month follow-up, retinal hemorrhages had resolved and left eye visual acuity improved to 20/300. CONCLUSION: Combined central retinal vein and artery occlusion is a pote …

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion - Our Future Path to the Introduction of Intravenous Thrombolysis.

INTRODUCTION: Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a vascular occlusive disorder and an acute condition in ophthalmological practice. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment approaches used at our department in patients with RAO, particularly their impact on the resulting central visual acuity of the affected eye. Furthermore, to determine how many patients would meet the time window for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) administration in the case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included all the patients diagnosed with CRAO and…

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Diagnosed via Ocular Point-of-care Ultrasound: Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a neurological and ophthalmologic emergency that presents as sudden, painless, monocular vision loss. Central retinal artery occlusion can be classified as arteritic or non-arteritic. Most cases of non-arteritic CRAO are due to embolism, commonly from atherosclerosis of the ipsilateral carotid artery. More proximal sources of embolism are uncommon but can occur. Prompt recognition of CRAO is critical for vision preservation therapy and initiation of ischemic stroke diagnosis protocols. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 66-year-old f…

Как оккулирование сетчаточной артерии показывает, что болезнь мойамойи - серия примеров и описательное исследование.

AIM: Систематическая характеристика клинических особенностей, корреляции и терапевтических последствий участников с болезнями мойамои (MMD) сетчатки сетчатки (RAO) на основе серии дел и объединенного описательного анализа. МЕТОДЫ: Всего 9 участники MMD-RAO (MMD-RAO)2020-2025) и 9 из опубликованной литературы (см.1981-2025) были ретроспективно проанализированы с целью описательного изучения связи между MMD и RAO. Средняя разница (MD) была принята в качестве размера эффекта для постоянных переменных, в то время как коэффициент вероятности (OR) использовался для категорических переменных. Оценка

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
AIM: To systematically characterize the clinical features, correlations, and therapeutic implications of participants with moyamoya disease (MMD)-related retinal artery occlusion (RAO) through a case series and pooled descriptive analysis. METHODS: A total of 9 participants with MMD-RAO (2020-2025) and 9 cases retrieved from published literature (1981-2025)…

Sequential central retinal artery occlusion in two brothers: a fight to prevent blindness.

IMPORTANCE: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is typically associated with older patients with cardiovascular risk factors. However, its occurrence in younger patients without these risk factors suggests the need to explore rare genetic conditions. Identifying genetic disorders like adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (DADA2), a vasculitic disease, can be critical in such cases to prevent further complications. OBJECTIVE: To report the challenging diagnosis of two cases of CRAO in brothers under the age of 40, leading to the diagnosis of DADA2, a rare genetic vasculitic disorder. RESULTS:…

Bilateral and simultaneous retinal artery occlusion in a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect almost every organ. This article describes a middle-aged woman, previously diagnosed with untreated SLE, who during a severe SLE flare simultaneously presented with a superior nasal artery occlusion in the right eye and a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in the left eye. Severe ocular complications, such as CRAO, can occur during an acute flare of the disease in previously asymptomatic SLE.

Visual Outcomes Following Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel HBOT protocol, characterized by specific pressure levels and treatment duration in patients with CRAO patients presenting within 24 hours, compared to a non-HBOT cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with CRAO presenting within 24 hours from October 2003 to March 2022. Patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) or experiencing treatment-related visual complications were excluded. Of 49 eligible patients, 17 underwent HBOT following the novel protocol, while

From Heart to Eye: Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Secondary to Endocarditis: Septic Embolism.

Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a medical challenge. Potential complications such as heart failure and septic embolization may arise, prompting early recognition and treatment. We present the case of a 78-year-old woman with sudden, painless monocular vision loss in the left eye, without other accompanying symptoms. Ophthalmologic evaluation revealed central retinal artery occlusion. A holosystolic murmur was heard at the apex. Further echocardiography confirmed IE. Despite efforts, prognosis of IE is poor, with an in-hospital mortality of 25% in our country, with high risk of embolism (20…

Intraocular hemorrhage in patients misdiagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion treated with thrombolysis.

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is commonly delayed in emergency departments (ED) where ophthalmologists are rarely available for immediate consultation. Thrombolysis is sometimes given empirically for presumed CRAO without confirmation of the diagnosis with ocular funduscopic examination. METHODS: We describe one case of severe intraocular hemorrhage following intravenous thrombolysis for a retinal detachment misdiagnosed as a CRAO, and two cases of worsening intraocular hemorrhage following intravenous thrombolysis for misdiagnosed CRAO, and revi…

Evaluation of Increase in Retinal Thickness as Diagnostic Marker in Central Artery Occlusion.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the increase in retinal thickness as a marker in predicting the onset of central retinal artery occlusions. METHODS: Retrospective clinical study conducted at one Swiss hospital. Electronic records were filtered for patients with artery occlusions. Optical coherence tomography data, including time between the imaging and ischemic event, were reviewed. Increase in relative retinal thickness was measured, defined as an increase in retinal thickness compared to the unaffected partner eye. This was correlated with the time from symptom onset. A cutoff value of relative increa…

Central retinal artery occlusion following surgery for thyroid eye disease: A case report.

RATIONALE: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common orbital disorder in adults and significantly affects patient health. Orbital decompression surgery is an important treatment option. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) after orbital medial wall decompression is rare in patients with TED. Therefore, the earlier the identification and treatment, the more likely it is to reduce visual impairment. PATIENT CONCERNS: This paper examines a case of CRAO occurring postoperatively in a patient who underwent medial wall orbital decompression for TED. DIAGNOSES: Central retinal artery occlusio…

Visual acuity improvement after treatment of central retinal artery occlusion: a case report.

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) is a serious ophthalmic emergency characterized by sudden, painless vision loss in one eye. This condition leads to rapid and significant visual impairment if not treated promptly. This case illustrates an adult man with hypertension presented with unilateral, painless, sudden vision loss occurring 13 hours before admission. Examination revealed a visual acuity of 1-meter counting finger in the affected eye, a cherry red spot, and a pale retina. Diagnosed with CRAO, immediate interventions included ocular massage, and acetazolamide loading alongside syst…