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[Urolithiasis. Review of present knowledge of epidemiology, pathogenesis, metaphylaxis and treatment].

The incidence and prevalence of urolithiasis in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic is as high as in other countries of Central and Western Europe, and lower than in the Scandinavian countries. Apart from its high incidence, urolithiasis is characterized by its high tendency to recurrence. New knowledge of its pathogenesis helps to diagnose metabolic disorders responsible for increased excretion of concretion-producing substances and/or for deficiency in protective factors. In case of calcium oxalate lithiasis, with the highest incidence, attention is to be paid to its various forms of hyperca…

Acute pancreatitis revealing adult lymphocytic leukemia in a patient with double cystic duct: a rare case report.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder often discovered incidentally through routine blood tests. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common abdominal emergency, typically of biliary or alcoholic etiology. We report an unusual case of a 63-year-old woman presenting with AP due to biliary lithiasis, which led to the incidental diagnosis of CLL. Notably, intraoperative findings revealed a rare anatomical anomaly: double cystic duct. This case underscores the importance of systematic etiological exploration in AP and highlights potential surgical implicatio…

[Rare cases of bladder stones].

We present here two special cases of urolithiasis. The first one shows a giant bladder lithiasis resulting in severe renal insufficiency in a 63-year-old patient, who had previously had nicturia (2-3 times), occasional episodes of urinary frequency and burning micturition, in the absence of renal colic, hematuria or interrupted urination. The second case referes to an 85-year-old man suffering from prostatic enlargement and bladder stones, hospitalized to undergo intervention of trans-vesical prostatic adenomectomy, during which two star-shaped stones were found without obvious symptoms.

Яичные УЗИ, качество сперматозоидов, гениальная микробиота, вирус энцефалита капринового артрита и инфекция коксиеллы в баксах.

В этом исследовании дается оценка частотности и серьезности ультразвуковых изменений яичек в возрастных группах (молодых и взрослых) в 219 баксов. Была проведена оценка качества спермы и яичной эхотекстуры, и были проанализированы их связи с репродуктивными патогенами (Coxiella (C.) signetii, вирусом энцефалита козлятины (CAEV), абортом хламидии (C.) и Mycoplasma (M.) agalactiae). Кроме того, qPCR был также выполнен на эякулатах из серопозитивных баксов. Семинарная микробиота характеризуется тремя группами: 1 (серонегативное без литиаза), 2 (серопозитивное с литиазом) и 3 (КХПР-КАЕВ-позитивное

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
This study assesses the frequency and severity of ultrasound-detected testicular alterations across age groups (young and adult) in 219 buck … m seropositive bucks. Seminal microbiota was characterized in three groups: 1 (seronegative without lithiasis), 2 (seropositive with lithiasis), and 3 (qPCR-CAEV-positive). A 68.5% of bucks showed testicular microlithiasis (50.2% bilateral and 18.2% unilateral). Moreover, frequency of bilateral lesions differed according to age, being higher in adults, who …

Flexible Percutaneous Laser Lithotripsy for Intrahepatic Stones: A Multicenter Study in Western Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Intrahepatic lithiasis (IHL) remains a challenging condition in populations, particularly in patients with surgically altered biliary anatomy or failed endoscopic interventions. Percutaneous laser lithotripsy (PLL) under flexible cholangioscopic guidance has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative for managing complex intrahepatic stones. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of flexible PLL for the treatment of intrahepatic stones in a multicenter Brazilian cohort with altered anatomy or failed ERCP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary outcome was technical success, …

Pancreatico-duodenectomy and postoperative pancreatic fistula: risk factors and technical considerations in a specialized HPB center.

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a common complication of pancreatic resection. Aim of this study is to identify variables related … and four grade C; two patients with grade C fistula died from septic shock. Preoperative bile duct lithiasis, diameter of the pancreatic duct and consistency of the pancreatic stump were significantly different between F and NF groups at multivariate analysis. POPF has been related to clinical and biological parameters: preoperative bile duct lithiasis and …

[Age of onset of urolithiasis: relation to clinical and metabolic risk factors].

OBJECTIVES: To determine the age of onset of urolithiasis in patients with urinary calcium stones and to establish the relationship between age of onset and clinical profile and metabolic risk factors. METHODS: A total of 500 patients with the diagnosis of calcium urinary lithiasis (average age 47.4 years, range 20-75) were asked regarding the age of onset of the disease. Age of onset of urinary stone disease was compared with other factors such as gender, family history of lithiasis, clinical course, unique or recurrent episodes, and metabolic disturbances found in a comprehensive metabolic …

Pitfalls in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease in clinically severe obesity.

BACKGROUND: Cholelithiasis affects 10-20% of the USA population, with higher incidence in certain ethnic groups. Obesity is associated with an increase in gallstone formation, reported in up to 45% of morbidly obese patients. Ultrasound is the best diagnostic tool, although its accuracy is less in this particular population. This paper discusses false negative sonographic findings in morbid obesity. METHODS: Retrospective review of 5257 patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Cholecystectomy had previously been performed in 16%. Gallbladder ultrasound was obtained in the remaining group, and…

Some peculiarities of hepatobiliary diseases in Vietnam.

The most frequent hepatobiliary diseases in Vietnam are chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, liver abscess, hepatobiliary ascaridiasis, angiocholitis, biliary lithiasis and primary liver cancer. The principal causes of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis are HBV and HCV infections. Alcohol and chemicals (drugs, agricultural, industrial, war herbicides) also play an important role. Malaria causes hepatitis and fibrosis lesions, however no cirrhotic lesions were observed. There are two categories of liver abscess, amoebic and cholangitic, often caused by ascaridiasis. Treatment of amoebic abscesses is, …

A rare case liver hydatid cyst containing multiple calculi.

The hydatic cyst disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a potentially lethal, which can be found anywhere in the world, but especial … rgical, and interventional radiologic techniques. KEY WORDS: Complication, Echinococcus Granulosus, Lithiasis, Liver Hydatid Cyst.

Candida bezoars with urinary tract obstruction in two women without immunocompromising conditions.

More than half of the cases of fungal infections of the urinary tract are caused by Candida sp., but occurrence of obstructive uropathy caus … ith urinary tract obstruction caused by candidal mycetomas of the renal pelvis that mimicked matrix lithiasis.

The surgical treatment of a rare complication: gallstone ileus.

The authors describe 3 cases of gallstone ileus observed in two different hospitals and evaluate the current rarity of this complication of the biliary lithiasis and/or of cholangiocarcinomas. There were two cases of stones at the ileal level and one case in the left colon. In one case a single surgical intervention was carried out while in the other a two-step strategy was adopted. Notwithstanding the fact that the correct strategy to adopt is still controversial in literature, the authors discuss the single and double step strategies and propose that the second intervention of the 2-step str…

[Multiple brown tumours in a patient with tertiary hyperparathyroidism].

We describe the case of a 49-year-old female with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism that not dissapeared after kidney transplant and turned into an autonomous form (tertiary hyperparathyroidism). The xRays and CT showed the presence of multiple brown tumors in iliac bones and tibia. We performed a parathyroidectomy removing a lower left adenoma confirmed in the histological exam the renal. After the surgery the osteoarticular manifestations improved and lithiasis dissapeared. There were not any postoperative complications such as hypocalcemia or recurrential palsy althoug…

[Association between primary hyperparathyroidism and Paget's disease. Report of a case].

Although the association between hyperparathyroidism and Paget's disease is known, in the clinical practice occurs very rarely. We report the case of a 68 years old female who was diagnosed as such disease more than 5 years ago and later she got an increment of PTH levels and hypercalcemiajoint to other biochemical disorders that made to suspect a primary hyperparathyroidism. Besides the osteoarticular manifestations, clinically the patient suffered recurrent kidney lithiasis. She was operated by removal of one adenoma (1,5 cm) located in lower right parathyroid gland and her evolution was sat…

[Neonatal choledocholithiasis: a case report].

Cholelithiasis as cause of jaundice in newborn is rare. Usually is associated with known predisposing factors as hemolysis, congenital anomalies of biliary tree, total parenteral nutrition, prolonged fasting. However there are recent signals in literature about idiopathic neonatal cholelithiasis, that seems to be more common than previously suspected. We describe a case of idiopathic neonatal choledochal lithiasis with spontaneous resolution in few days from jaundice beginning. The importance of ultrasonographic investigation for diagnosis and follow-up is confirmed. However, because it is oft…

Double gallbladder treated successfully by laparoscopy.

A rare case of true duplication of the gallbladder is herein reported on a young male patient with other congenital abnormalities. Both gallbladders had unequivocal signs of chronic inflammatory disease and lithiasis. The patient was diagnosed preoperatively as having acute cholecystitis but the diagnosis of an accessory gallbladder was made only at the time of surgery. Emphasis is placed on the use of a complete cholangiographic evaluation before proceeding with the operation in order to prevent inadvertent damage to the biliary ductal system. The accessory gallbladder must then be removed to…

[What is the contribution of echography in Crohn disease?].

The alimentary tract often contains some gas which may obstruct the passage of the ultrasonic beam. However, when a pathological process involves the intestinal wall, a "target" pattern or a "pseudo-kidney" pattern may be visualized by ultrasound. It is also possible to visualize by US examination some complications of Crohn's disease: intestinal obstructive lesion with distended loops, fistula, abscesses and renal or biliary lithiasis. Because sonography is non-invasive and simple to perform without radiation exposure, it should often be used in Crohn's disease as the initial diagnosis and as…

[Difficult diagnosis of cholelithiasis: advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic cholangiography and ERCP. Our own experience].

On the basis of personal experience (104 LTC and 88 ERCP), the value of direct cholangiography in the diagnosis of biliary lithiasis especially in the event of failure of traditional radiology and in the presence of icterus is confirmed. LTC in 37 patients and ERCP in 18 revealed calculosis of the bile ways, thus correcting a falsely negative echography and i.v. cholangiography to the extent of 70% and 25% respectively. Stress is laid on the importance of direct cholangiography because it is able to establish the site of the stones and, above all, the pathology associated with calculosis, invo…

[Some technical considerations on partial nephrectomy (author's transl)].

After some considerations on the problems of operation technique which are raised up by partial nephrectomy, the authors review its' indications. After presentation of the clinical experience based on ten cases of partial nephrectomy, carried out during the years 1972-1974, of which 7 were for lithiasis, 2 for renal tuberculosis and one for a solitary renal cyst, the authors advise primary ligature of the segmental vascular pedicle, whenever possible and use of the perinephretic fat to cover over the sectioned surface, as it has strong hemostatic action, good tolerance and that owing to this, …

[Urological pathology in the memoires and critiques of the Literary Meetings of the San Carlos Royal College in Madrid (1788-1834)].

OBJECTIVE: The urologic cases presented for discussion to the Board of the San Carlos Royal College of Surgery (Madrid), created in 1787 by … on of the description of a bladder procedure are presented. RESULTS: 69 urologic cases were found. Lithiasis was the most common, followed by voiding disorders that encompass all urethrovesical conditions. Complications, such as fistula and abscess, account for a large part of the cases reported, followed by testicular and scrotal pathology (basically hydr …