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An integrated transcriptome, proteome and targeted metabolome analysis reveals genes and steroids related to gonadal development in Ruditapes philippinarum.

Gonadal development in Ruditapes philippinarum involves germ cell formation, sex differentiation, vitellogenesis, and maturation, regulated … e ovary (P < 0.05). Targeted metabolomics identified 14 steroids in clam gonads, with five steroids-Pregnenolone, 5α-Pregnane-3,20-dione, 17α-Hydroxypregnenolone, 25-Hydroxycholesterol, and 24-dehydro Cholesterol-elevated during the gonadal growing phase (no sex differences). Intriguingly, 17β-estradiol (typically reported in bivalve gonad development) was und …

The association between newborn cord blood steroids and ambient prenatal exposure to air pollution: findings from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort.

Knowledge of whether prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution disrupts steroidogenesis is currently lacking. We investigated the association between prenatal ambient air pollution and highly accurate measurements of cord blood steroid hormones from the androgenic pathway.This study included 397 newborns born between the years 2010 and 2015 from the ENVIRONAGE cohort in Belgium of whom six cord blood steroid levels were measured: 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, androstenedione, and testosterone. Maternal ambient exposure to PM2.5 (partic…

Approach of Heterogeneous Spectrum Involving 3beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2 Deficiency.

We aim to review data on 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (3βHSD2) deficiency. We identified 30 studies within the last decade on … phy tandem-mass spectrometry unequivocally sustains the diagnostic by expressing high baseline 17OH-pregnenolone to cortisol ratio as well as 11-oxyandrogen levels. HSD3B2 gene sequencing was provided in 26 articles; around 20 mutations were described as "novel pathogenic mutation" (frameshift, missense or nonsense); many subjects had a consanguineous backgrou …

Cellular basis for the species differences in sensitivity to cardiac glycosides (digitalis).

The relative toxicity of numerous cardiotonic steroids (viz. ouabain, digitoxin, digoxin, convallatoxin, SC4453, bufalin, gitaloxin, digoxig … emblance to cardiac glycosides (viz. estradiol 17-beta-acetate, testosterone propionate, 21-acetoxy pregnenolone, beta-estradiol, digitonin, tigogenin, and tomatine) or interact with the Na+/K+ ATPase in a different manner (viz. veratridine, sanguinarine nitrate, penicillic acid, vanadium pentoxide, harmaline-HCI,5,5'-diphenyl hydantoin, quindonium bromide, an …

Analysis of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene in Japanese patients with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.

Genomic DNA from 19 Japanese patients with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (lipoid CAH) representing 16 different families was examined to identify the genetic alterations of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). Ten of 19 patients had a 46,XX karyotype and nine had a 46,XY karyotype. Six of the 46,XX patients have experienced spontaneous pubertal changes including breast development and irregular menstruation whereas none of the 46,XY subjects displayed pubertal changes. Eight different mutations were identified. Sixteen patients were either homozygotes or compound heterozygote

Molecular basis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the most frequent cause of adrenal insufficiency and ambiguous genitalia in newborn children. In contrast to congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase and 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiencies, which impair steroid formation in the adrenal cortex, exclusively, classical 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) deficiency affects steroid biosynthesis in the gonads as well as in the adrenals. The structures of the highly homologous type I and II 3 beta-HSD genes have been analyzed in three male pseudohermaphrodite 3 beta-HSD deficient patients from

Нейростероиды и неврологические расстройства.

Нейростероиды играют важную роль в качестве эндогенных нейромодуляторов, которые производятся на местном уровне в центральной нервной системе и быстро изменяют взрываемость нейронов и активацию микроглиальных клеток и астроцитов. Здесь мы рассматриваем механизмы синтеза, метаболизма и действия нейростероидов в центральной нервной системе. Нейростероиды могут играть различные роли в центральной нервной системе в физиологических условиях, связывая их с мембранными ионными каналами и рецепторами, такими, как рецепторы гамма-аминобутирной кислоты типа А, рецепторы Nметил-D-асортатных рецепторов, к

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… Cholesterol is converted to pregnenolone by cytochrome P450side chain cleavage (P450scc), and pregnenolone is metabolized to progesterone by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD). … Pregnenolone leaves the mitochondria and is metabolized to progesterone (4-Pregnene-3,20-dione) or 17OH-pregnenolone. 17OH-pregnenolone gives rise to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) ( Fig. 2 ). Both progesterone and DHEA can be metabolized to androstenedione [ 15 ]. …

[Non-conventional pharmacological agents for the treatment of bipolar disorder: Α systematic review of the evidence].

Bipolar disorder (BD) has a complex and variable clinical picture which is characterized by many different phacets and phases and as a resul … ipolar depression the combinations of FEWP with carbamazepine and ketamine, modafinil, pramipexole, pregnenolone and maybe armodafinil with mood stabilizers are efficacious. The safety profile of these combinations is medium. The use of celecoxib, lisdexamfetamine and memantine have negative data. Concerning the maintenance treatment, the data are negative for …

Folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis alterations after chronic exposure to a human-relevant mixture of environmental toxicants spare the ovarian reserve in the rabbit model.

BACKGROUND: Industrial progress has led to the omnipresence of chemicals in the environment of the general population, including reproductiv … terone, AMH and DHEA levels remained unaffected. The measurement of gonadotropins, androstenedione, pregnenolone and estrone levels yielded values below the limit of quantification. Among the 7 steroidogenic enzymes tested, an isolated higher expression of Cyp19a1 was measured in F rabbits ovaries. Those ovaries presented a significantly greater density/number …

The nature of the defect in familial male pseudohermaphroditism in Arabs of Gaza.

Studies in six Arab individuals from Gaza with familial male pseudohermaphroditism (MPH) due to 17-ketoreductase deficiency revealed several … the testes of two adult MPH patients using an equimolar concentration of [14C]progesterone and [3H]pregnenolone as substrates. While the flow of substrates in the control testes was equal or slightly greater through the delta 4-pathway, the delta 5-pathway predominated in the testes of the MPH patients. A large amount of dehydroepiandrosterone accumulated whe …

Phenytoin induction of the cyp2c37 gene is mediated by the constitutive androstane receptor.

The CYP2C subfamily of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases is responsible for the metabolism of approximately 20% of therapeutic drugs and many endogenous compounds in humans. These enzymes can be induced by prior treatment with drugs, resulting in changes in drug efficacy. Induction of human CYP2C enzymes by xenobiotics occurs at the transcriptional level and is reported to involve the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). In the present study, we report that murine CYP2C37 mRNA is induced by phenobarbital and phenytoin. In contrast, the mouse PXR agonist 5-preg