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Radiolabeled Peptides and Antibodies in Medicine.

Radiolabeled peptides are a relatively new, very specific radiotracer group, which is still expanding. This group is very diverse in terms of peptide size. It contains very small structures containing several amino acids and whole antibodies. Moreover, radiolabeled peptides are diverse in terms of the binding aim and therapeutic or diagnostic applications. The majority of this class of radiotracers is utilized in oncology, where the same structure can be used in therapy and diagnostic imaging by varying the radionuclide. In this study, we collected new reports of radiolabeled peptide applicati

ImmunoPET in Multiple Myeloma-What? So What? Now What?

Despite constant progress over the past three decades, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease, and the identification of new biomarkers to better select patients and adapt therapy is more relevant than ever. Recently, the introduction of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (including direct-targeting mAbs and immune checkpoint inhibitors) appears to have changed the paradigm of MM management, emphasizing the opportunity to cure MM patients through an immunotherapeutic approach. In this context, immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET), combining the high sensitivity an

Beyond Palliation: Therapeutic Applications of 153Samarium-EDTMP.

Primary and metastatic malignant bone lesions result in significant pain and disability in oncology patients. Targeted bone-seeking radioisotopes including 153Samarium ethylene-diamine-tetramethylene-phosphonic acid (153Sm-EDTMP) have been shown to effectively palliate bone pain, often when external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is not feasible. However, recent evidence also suggests 153Sm-EDTMP has cytotoxic activity either alone or in combination with chemotherapy or EBRT. 153Sm-EDTMP may be useful as anti-neoplastic therapy apart from pain palliation in a variety of malignancies. For prostate ca

Molecular imaging in oncology: Common PET/CT radiopharmaceuticals and applications.

PET/CT is a commonly used modality in cancer imaging, as it can help in diagnosis, staging and assessment of treatment response in many cancer types. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment and identification of multiple selective targets are promoting further investigation into different radiotracers for diagnosis and therapy. In the past few decades many radiopharmaceuticals have emerged for specific oncologic indications providing superior detection rate than some morphologic modalities. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the most current radiopharmaceuticals

Development and comparison of 68Ga/18F/64Cu-labeled nanobody tracers probing Claudin18.2.

Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) is an emerging target for the treatment of gastric cancers. We aim to develop tracers to image the expression of CLDN18.2. A humanized nanobody targeting CLDN18.2 (clone hu19V3) was produced and labeled with 68Ga, 64Cu, and 18F. The tracers were investigated in subcutaneous and metastatic models established using two different mouse types (nude and Balb/c mice) and two different cell lines (CHO-CLDN18.2 and CT26-CLDN18.2). Gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were further established for validation experiments. Three novel CLDN18.2-targeted tracers (i.e

Mitigating jaw osteonecrosis: bioactive glass and pericardial membrane combination in a rat model.

OBJECTIVES: Bisphosphonates (BFs) show clinical effectiveness in managing osteoporosis and bone metastases but pose risks of bisphosphonate-related jaw osteonecrosis (BRONJ). With no established gold standard for BRONJ treatment, our focus is on symptom severity reduction. We aimed to assess the preventive effects of bioactive glass and/or pericardial membrane in a preclinical BRONJ model, evaluating their potential to prevent osteonecrosis and bone loss post-tooth extractions in zoledronic acid (ZA)-treated animals. METHODS: Rats, receiving ZA or saline biweekly for four weeks, underwent 1st

Histopathological findings affect quantitative values of single photon emission computed tomography in patients with antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaws.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relationships between quantitative values calculated from bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images and histopathological findings observed in surgical specimens from patients with antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ); it sought to clarify histopathological factors that cause accumulation in bone SPECT/CT images of patients with ARONJ. METHODS: This study included 81 pathological specimens of 21 lesions obtained from 18 patients with ARONJ who underwent SPECT/CT and jaw resection. The

Advancements in Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals: Innovations in Diagnosis and Therapy for Enhanced Cancer Management.

Radiopharmaceuticals (RPhs) represent a breakthrough in nuclear medicine due to their ability to provide precise diagnosis and targeted therapy for cancer by incorporating radioactive isotopes into carrier molecules. This review systematically discusses the recent advances in the development of RPhs, focusing on state-of-the-art probe design strategies and click chemistry applications that accelerate RPh syntheses and improve targeting efficiency. The manuscript synthesizes literature from multiple databases spanning January 2014 to April 2025, encompassing diagnostic modalities including posi

Recent Updates of PET in Lymphoma: FDG and Beyond.

Lymphoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide, categorized into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has become an essential imaging tool for evaluating patients with lymphoma in terms of initial diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and treatment response assessment. Recent advancements in imaging technology and methodologies, along with the development of artificial intelligence, have revolutionized the evaluation of complex imaging data, enhancing the diagnostic and predictive power of PET in lymphoma. However, FDG is not c

Новое понимание механизма нейрохимического несбалансированности при множественном склерозе: ненормальный перенос внеклеточного пространства мозга.

Нейрохимический дисбаланс является фактором, способствующим возникновению неврологических симптомов при множественном склерозе (МС). Взрослая милиновая оболочка имеет решающее значение для транспортировки веществ в внеклеточном пространстве (ЭКС) и для поддержания местного гомеостаза. Поэтому мы предположим, что нарушение переноса ЭКС после демиелионирующих повреждений может привести к нейрохимическому дисбалансу в MS. В рамках нынешнего исследования для изучения пространственных нейрохимических изменений использовалась односторонняя модель MS, вызванная лизофосфатидилхолином. Результаты показ

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Fluorinated Drugs Approved by the FDA (2016-2022).

Fluorine is characterized by high electronegativity and small atomic size, which provide this molecule with the unique property of augmenting the potency, selectivity, metabolic stability, and pharmacokinetics of drugs. Fluorine (F) substitution has been extensively explored in drug research as a means of improving biological activity and enhancing chemical or metabolic stability. Selective F substitution onto a therapeutic or diagnostic drug candidate can enhance several pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties such as metabolic stability and membrane permeation. The increased binding a

India's Growing Nuclear Medicine Infrastructure and Emergence of Radiotheranostics in Cancer Care: Associated Challenges and the Opportunities to Collaborate.

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Radiometals in Imaging and Therapy: Highlighting Two Decades of Research.

The present article highlights the important progress made in the last two decades in the fields of molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Advancements in radiometal-based positron emission tomography, single photon emission computerized tomography, and radionuclide therapy are illustrated in terms of their production routes and ease of radiolabeling. Applications in clinical diagnostic and radionuclide therapy are considered, including human studies under clinical trials; their current stages of clinical translations and findings are summarized. Because the metalloid astatine is used for

Disturbing the Redox Balance Using Buthionine Sulfoximine Radiosensitized Somatostatin Receptor-2 Expressing Pre-Clinical Models to Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE.

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE improves the outcome of patients with somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-expressing neuroendocrine tumours. Nevertheless, stable disease has been the main response pattern observed, with some rare complete responses. Lu-177 exerts about two-thirds of its biological effects via the indirect effects of ionizing radiation that generate reactive oxygen species, eventually leading to oxidative damage and cell death. This provides a rationale for targeting the antioxidant defence system in combination with 177Lu-DOTATATE. In the present study, the

Fracture Risk Evaluation of Bone Metastases: A Burning Issue.

Major progress has been achieved to treat cancer patients and survival has improved considerably, even for stage-IV bone metastatic patients. Locomotive health has become a crucial issue for patient autonomy and quality of life. The centerpiece of the reflection lies in the fracture risk evaluation of bone metastasis to guide physician decision regarding physical activity, antiresorptive agent prescription, and local intervention by radiotherapy, surgery, and interventional radiology. A key mandatory step, since bone metastases may be asymptomatic and disseminated throughout the skeleton, is t

Translation of PET radiotracers for cancer imaging: recommendations from the National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator (NCITA) consensus meeting.

BackgroundThe clinical translation of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for cancer management presents complex challenges. We have developed consensus-based recommendations for preclinical and clinical assessment of novel and established radiotracers, applied to image different cancer types, to improve the standardisation of translational methodologies and accelerate clinical implementation.MethodsA consensus process was developed using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method (RAM) to gather insights from a multidisciplinary panel of 38 key stakeholders on the appropriateness of pre

Radiotheranostics - Precision Medicine in Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

'See what you treat and treat what you see, at a molecular level', could be the motto of theranostics. The concept implies diagnosis (imaging) and treatment of cells (usually cancer) using the same molecule, thus guaranteeing a targeted cytotoxic approach of the imaged tumor cells while sparing healthy tissues. As the brilliant late Sam Gambhir would say, the imaging agent acts like a 'molecular spy' and reveals where the tumoral cells are located and the extent of disease burden (diagnosis). For treatment, the same 'molecular spy' docks to the same tumor cells, this time delivering cytotoxic

Cancer treatment using peptides: current therapies and future prospects.

This paper discusses the role of peptides in cancer therapy with special emphasis on peptide drugs which are already approved and those in clinical trials. The potential of peptides in cancer treatment is evident from a variety of different strategies that are available to address the progression of tumor growth and propagation of the disease. Use of peptides that can directly target cancer cells without affecting normal cells (targeted therapy) is evolving as an alternate strategy to conventional chemotherapy. Peptide can be utilized directly as a cytotoxic agent through various mechanisms or

Cardiac amyloidosis: From diagnosis to therapeutics breakthroughs.

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a progressive infiltrative cardiomyopathy resulting from the deposition of misfolded amyloid fibrils in the myocardium and heart valves, with the main forms being amyloid light-chain (AL), transthyretin-related (ATTR) (wild-type or hereditary), and amyloid A amyloidosis. Although historically underdiagnosed, recent advances in non-invasive imaging techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and bone scintigraphy have significantly improved its recognition. This review outlines the current diagnostic approaches and therapeutic advancements in CA, emphasizin

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… It uses amyloid-binding radioactive tracers with the 11C-Pib and the 18F-labelled agents being the most used ones[ 39 - 42 ]. … Even though high cardiac uptake of these two most used classes of radioactive tracers was observed in both AL and ATTR CA, a meta-analysis demonstrated that higher uptake was observed in AL CA, pointing to the potential in differentiating between AL and ATTR CA[ 43 ]. …

New PET Radiotracers for the Imaging of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Opinion statementNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are a heterogeneous group of tumours derived from cells of neuroendocrine origin and can potentially arise everywhere in the human body. The diagnostic assessment of NEN can be performed using a variety of PET radiopharmaceuticals. Well-differentiated NEN (NET) present a high expression of SSTR (somatostatin receptors) and can therefore be studied with 68Ga-DOTA-peptides ([68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC, [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC, [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE). Current guidelines recommend the use of SSTR imaging to assess disease extension at staging/restaging, follow-up, assessm