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Persistence of scrub typhus IgM and IgG antibodies among patients from Karnataka, India.

BACKGROUND: The longevity of scrub typhus IgM and IgG are not clear. A region-specific diagnostic cut-off for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a necessity for improved diagnosis. OBJECTIVES: To determine a region-specific optical density (OD) value cut-off for scrub typhus IgM and IgG ELISA and to study the persistence of these antibodies. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted among patients diagnosed with scrub typhus admitted to Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India from August 2019 to April 2023. An equal number of scrub typhus patients and healthy volunteer…

Risk factors for scrub typhus infection in South India: population-based cohort study.

Scrub typhus is a mite-borne infection, largely affecting rural populations in many parts of Asia. This cohort study explored socio-demographic, behavioural, and spatial risk factors at different levels of endemicity. 2206 rural residents from 37 villages in Tamil Nadu, South India, underwent a questionnaire survey and blood sampling at baseline and annually over 2 years to detect sero-conversion. Satellite images were used for visual land use classification. Local sero-prevalence was estimated using 5602 baseline blood samples.Two hundred and seventy cases of seroconversions occurred during 3…

Scrub Typhus Seropositivity, Clinical Manifestations, and Outcomes in Jodhpur: A Hospital-based Study.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by the Gram-negative cocco-bacillus Orientiatsutsugamushi , accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of mite chiggers. Its epidemiology in India remains obscure due to under-reporting of cases. OBJECTIVES: This single-hospital study prospectively determined the seropositivity, clinical features and treatment response of scrub typhus over 5 years in the city of Jodhpur, Western Rajasthan, from where no formal seropositivity data were previously available. METHODS: All patients with acute febrile illness of more than 5 days were…

Scrub typhus-leptospirosis co-infection in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Scrub typhus and leptospirosis are re-emerging zoonotic infections with significant morbidity and mortality rates in India. Overlapping aetiological and epidemiological patterns indicate a high possibility of their co-infection in India, which can be a diagnostic challenge due to non-specific clinical features. A systematic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Embase databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published through 31 August 2023. Studies reporting co-infection of scrub typhus and leptospirosis among the Indian population were included. Data extraction, quality assess…

Скруб тифа в Индонезии: перекрестный анализ проб, отобранных для изучения температуры в архивах.

Скруб тифа — это недостаточно изученная бактериальная инфекция, переносимая переносчиками. Мы проверили образцы лихорадки на серопозитивность с помощью скруба тифа, чтобы начать картографирование своего географического распределения в Индонезии. Мы проанализировали 1033 образца сыворотки с трех участков. IgM и IgG энзимно-иммуносорбентный анализ (ELISA) против Orientia tsutsugamushi был выполнен с использованием Karp, Kato, Gilliam, TA 716 антигенов. Для определения светотеневой границы в отсутствие предполагаемого неисчерпаемого населения и золотых стандартных испытаний мы идентифицировали то

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is an understudied vector-borne bacterial infection. METHODS: We tested archived fever samples for scrub typhus seropositivity to begin charting its geographic distribution in Indonesia. We analysed 1033 serum samples from three sites. IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against Orientia tsutsugamushi was performed…

Case report of scrub typhus complicated by hypokalemia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

CONTEXT: Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, has a wide range of clinical manifestations, including meningoencephalitis, acute renal failure, pneumonitis, myocarditis, and septic shock. However, there are no documented cases of scrub typhus with hypokalemia. In this report, we present a case of scrub typhus with hypokalemia and multiple organ failure syndrome, highlighting the importance of electrolyte imbalance in patients with scrub typhus. CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain that had been present for 1 day. On admission, th…

Retrospective analysis of spatiotemporal variation of scrub typhus in Yunnan Province, 2006-2022.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is a life-threatening zoonotic infection. In recent years, the endemic areas of scrub typhus have been continuously expanding, and the incidence rate has been increasing. However, it remains a globally neglected disease. Yunnan Province is a major infected area, and the study of spatiotemporal and seasonal variation scrub typhus in this region is crucial for the prevention and control of the disease. METHODS/RESULTS: We collected surveillance data on scrub typhus cases in Yunnan Province from 2006 to 2022. Using methods such as spatial trend analysis, Moran's I, and r…

Scrub Typhus Presenting As Acute Febrile Illness With Splenic Infarct: A Rare Manifestation.

Scrub typhus is a mite-borne infectious disease endemic in India, Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, Pakistan, Malaysia, Thailand, and Australia. It has a multitude of clinical manifestations ranging from mild symptoms like headache, myalgia, anorexia, fever, and rash to severe multiorgan failure. It can also lead to several complications, including pancreatitis, hepatitis, myocardial infarction, and cerebral infarction. A few cases of splenic infarction are also reported. We report a rare case of a 40-year-old female presenting with fever and left upper quadrant abdominal pain of acute onset. She i…

Scrub Typhus with Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome and Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report.

Scrub typhus is a mite-borne infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium. It is a severe public health problem that affects mainly Asia-Pacific areas. Scrub typhus threatens one billion people and causes illness worldwide each year. Approximately one-third of the cases may suffer from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) during the disease course. Thrombocytopenia is another critical clinical manifestation of scrub typhus, and thrombocytopenia is one of the causes of MODS. Scrub typhus is rare and hard to diagnose and treat. Given the clos…

A rare presentation of scrub typhus: myocarditis, acute liver failure and leukemoid reaction.

Scrub typhus is a mite borne zoonosis, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a gram-negative intracellular organism. This infection usually presents in high prevalence in the rural areas of East Asia and Western pacific islands. It usually presents with fever, chill, myalgia, headache, skin rashes, having pathognomonic and skin lesion i.e. eschar in ~10% cases in Indian subcontinent. It can present with life-threatening complications on occasional. The simultaneous presentation of more than two complications is uncommon, rarely reported in literature. Here we report a case of 37-year-old woman wit…

Scrub Typhus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Not a Rare Entity in Pediatric Age Group.

BACKGROUND: Our goal was to study the demographic, clinical and laboratory profile and outcome of scrub typhus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in the pediatric age group. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study in a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 1 year. Children in the age group of 1 month to 12 years with IgM ELISA positive for scrub typhus were included in the study. HLH was diagnosed using HLH-2004 criteria. Demographic, clinical and laboratory profile, treatment and outcome of HLH patients were noted and also compared with non-HLH scr…

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Scrub Typhus in Jiangxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2018.

Background: Scrub typhus (ST) has become a significant potential threat to public health in Jiangxi. Further investigation is essential for the control and management of the spatiotemporal patterns of the disease. Methods: Time-series analyses, spatial distribution analyses, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and space-time scan statistics were performed to detect spatiotemporal dynamics distribution of the incidence of ST. Results: From 2006 to 2018, a total of 5508 ST cases occurred in Jiangxi, covering 79 counties. The number of ST cases increased continuously from 2006 to 2018, and there wa…

A case of availability bias for COVID-19 causing scrub typhus diagnostic errors.

Although patients with scrub typhus develop a maculopapular rash all over the body, patients with COVID-19 may also show a similar rash. At the first visit, we did not fully inspect his trunk and extremities under his clothes. Although scrub typhus and COVID-19 have some similar symptoms, an eschar is a characteristic symptom of the former, and careful inspection is important to distinguish between the diseases.

Corrigendum: Development of a Scrub Typhus Diagnostic Platform Incorporating Cell-Surface Display Technology.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761136.].

Scrub typhus associated acute kidney injury: An emerging health problem in Odisha, India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Acute kidney injury associated with scrub typhus is an emerging health problem in the tropics including India. This study intended to find out the incidence, clinical outcome, cytokine response and genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi associated with AKI patients in Odisha, a state in eastern India. METHODS: Acute febrile illness or history of acute fever with various degrees of kidney involvement admitted to SCB Medical College Hospital, Cuttack were included in the study. A detailed demographic characteristics and clinical features were recorded with pre-tested quest…

Chronic encephalopathy and locked-in state due to scrub typhus related CNS vasculitis.

BACKGROUND: Scrub Typhus, prevalent in Asia-Pacific region, often has neurological manifestations in the setting of acute febrile illness, as acute encephalitis syndrome. CASE REPORT: A 20-year-old female, from western Rajasthan, India presented with calf pain followed by nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and sequentially progressive weakness of limbs, anarthria and loss of bladder control over 10 days. MRI Brain showed T2-weighted and FLAIR hyperintense lesions in corpus callosum, subcortical and periventricular white matter, basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem and cerebellum producing starry sky …

Scrub Typhus-Associated Opsoclonus: Clinical Course and Longitudinal Outcomes in an Indian Cohort.

CONTEXT: Opsoclonus, a rare neurological manifestation in scrub typhus, causes significant distress and disability. There is a paucity of clinical data and outcomes in these patients. AIM: This study aims to describe the clinical and laboratory profile and longitudinal outcomes in a scrub typhus patient cohort with opsoclonus. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This retrospective study was conducted in a 2700-bed teaching hospital in South India, in scrub typhus patients with opsoclonus over a 5-year period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data and outcomes at discharge and 6…

Scrub Typhus Complicated by ARDS, Myocarditis, and Encephalitis Imported to Oman from Nepal.

Scrub typhus is a potentially fatal rickettsial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium transmitted by the bite of infected chigger larva. The disease is distributed from Asia to the Pacific islands, and this region is known as the Tsutsugamushi Triangle. A 28-year-old man was admitted to the Royal Hospital with a four-day history of fever, headache, rigors, anorexia, and a nonspecific macular rash. Clinical presentation, laboratory results as well as epidemiological data indicated that this might be a case of scrub typhus. Additional…

Early Clinical Suspicion and Early Use of Doxycycline Reduces Scrub Typhus Associated Complications.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus has emerged as an important cause of febrile illness in this Himalayan region of the country. However, it is under considered in the differential diagnoses of febrile illnesses and is not treated and thus, patients often land up with complications in this tertiary care hospital. METHODOLOGY: It was a retrospective observational study done in department of Medicine from august 2013 to October 2013. All the patients more than or equal to 18 yrs of age admitted during this period with scrub typhus were analysed and their outcome followed. S. ELISA was used to detect scru…