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The first reported case of California encephalitis in more than 50 years.

A recent case of California encephalitis, a rare mosquito-borne viral disease, represents only the fourth ever reported and the first since the initial three cases in 1945. This case was diagnosed retrospectively on the basis of a rise in antibody titer between acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples.

First findings of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).

We report the detection and identification of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from 1 of 3 species of pinnipeds. Fecal samples were collected from Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi), northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) in the northern California coastal area. By means of fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies, Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 3 samples from California sea lions, 1 of which also contained Giardia cysts. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium and cysts of Giardia were morphologically indistinguishable from oo…

Desert bighorn sheep mortality due to presumptive type C botulism in California.

During a routine telemetry flight of the Mojave Desert (California, USA) in August 1995, mortality signals were detected from two of 12 radio-collared female desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the vicinity of Old Dad Peak in San Bernardino County (California). A series of field investigations determined that at least 45 bighorn sheep had died near two artificial water catchments (guzzlers), including 13 bighorn sheep which had presumably drowned in a guzzler tank. Samples from water contaminated by decomposing bighorn sheep carcasses and hemolyzed blood from a fresh bighorn sheep carcas…

Seroepidemiology of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii infection in California coyotes, 1994-1998.

The prevalence of antibodies to Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in coyotes (Canis latrans) in California ranged from 51% in central to 34% in southern and 7% in northern California. Seropositive coyotes were more likely to be from coastal than inland counties (p clustered distribution of Bartonella seropositivity in coyotes suggests that B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii infection is vectorborne. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate which arthropods are vectors and what the mode of transmission is from wildlife to domestic dogs and possibly humans.

Some characteristics of primary hyperparathyroidism in Vietnamese immigrants living in Southern California.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) in Vietnamese immigrants living in southern California and to summarize the results of treatment. METHODS: We describe 11 patients (8 women and 3 men) with a mean age of 57.91 years who underwent follow-up from 1991 to 1995 after PHP was diagnosed. The patients had no specific complaints. Four patients had a history of kidney stones, and five had chronic hypertension. Only five patients had high levels of total serum calcium; the other six patients had normal or fluctuating levels of total serum calcium. All patients, however, had h…

DNA-confirmed Taenia solium cysticercosis in black bears (Ursus americanus) from California.

Three cases of cysticercosis in black bears (Ursus americanus) in three northern California counties between 1990 and 1994 have been identified as due to the tapeworm Taenia solium. Both morphologic characteristics as well as the presence of T. solium mitochondria cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences, as detected by the polymerase chain reaction, confirmed the diagnosis. The number and geographic separation of the cases suggests that infection of the bears was not due to a single contamination. Humans infected with the definitive stage of T. solium are the probable source of cysticercosis for b…

Risk factors for extrahepatic bile duct cancers: Los Angeles County, California (USA).

Extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) cancers are rare and their risk factors are poorly understood. Except for a history of gallbladder diseases, evidence for other potential risk factors, such as excess body weight and use of tobacco and alcohol, is scant. A case-control study was conducted to examine risk factors for EBD cancers, including ampulla of Vater tumors, among Los Angeles County (California, USA) residents. Included were 105 histologically confirmed cases diagnosed between 1 March 1985 and 31 October 1989, aged 30 to 84 years, and 255 population-based controls frequency-matched to cases by…

Treatment of acute toxoplasmosis with intravenous clindamycin. The California Collaborative Treatment Group.

The interim results are presented of an ongoing large-scale, prospective, randomized study to determine the potential role of clindamycin in the treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis. Patients were seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and had clinical signs compatible with toxoplasmic encephalitis. Data was available on 33 patients, 15 of whom received pyrimethamine p.o./clindamycin i.v. and then p.o., and 18 of whom received pyrimethamine p.o./sulfadiazine p.o. The interim evaluation did not reveal a remarkable difference between the two regimens in the clinical or radiologic respons

The 1987 forest fire disaster in California: assessment of emergency room visits.

During a 5-d period that commenced on August 30, 1987, dry lightning strikes ignited more than 1,500 fires that destroyed in excess of 600,000 acres of California forests. To evaluate the public health impact of the smoke on the general population, all hospital emergency rooms located in the six counties most severely affected by smoke or fire were surveyed. Selected hospital information was abstracted for a 2 1/2-wk period during the fires and during two reference periods. During the period of major forest fire activity, visits of persons with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Population ecology of preimaginal Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kern County, California.

The effects of abiotic and biotic mortality factors on preimaginal survivorship and the production of adults were investigated for populations of Culex tarsalis Coquillett at a stable foothill breeding site during 1985 and at seven ephemeral breeding sites during 1986. Female abundance was correlated temporally with larval abundance and spatially with first instar to adult survivorship. Catastrophic events, such as fluctuations in water level and pollution, drastically reduced larval and pupal abundance. Under relatively stable conditions, the effect of natural mortality factors was estimated

[Antiviral activity of ribamidyl in experimental infections with California encephalitis group viruses].

A preparation of ribamydil, an analogue of natural nucleosides, synthesized at the Latvian SSR Institute of Organic Chemistry showed a sufficiently high activity against bunyaviruses of California encephalitis complex both in vitro and in vivo. Various modifications of the enzyme immunoassay may be used for control of the effectiveness of treatment with this drug. Some advantages of the subcutaneous route over the intramuscular one were found. Ribamydil may be useful for treatment of infections of California encephalitis complex.

Иммуносорбентный иммунизант с помощью серогрупповых вирусов Калифорнии, изолированных в Канаде.

Процедура была разработана для создания серогрупповых вирусов в Калифорнии с помощью улавливания антител, иммуносорбента, связанного с ферментом. Были выделены семь членов серогруппы из Северной Америки, включая снежную оболочку, ла-Кросс, энцефалит Калифорнии, Сан-Анджело, Джеймстаун-Каньон, Кейстоун и тривиттатус. Между каньоном Джеймстауна и тесно связанным с ним штаммом Южной реки наблюдались широкие перекрестные реакции. Метод анализа иммуносорбента, связанного с ферментом, был успешно применен к печатанию 77 серогрупповых вирусов Калифорнии, изолированных в Канаде, включая 61 снежную обо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A procedure was developed to type California serogroup viruses by an antibody-capture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seven California serogroup members from North America were distinguished, including snowshoe hare, La Crosse, California encephalitis, San Angelo, Jamestown Canyon, Keystone, and trivittatus. Extensive cross-reactions were observed betwee…

Anisakiasis in the western United States: four new case reports from California.

Four cases of transient anisakiasis in northern California acquired by ingestion of raw fish were reported to health authorities between May 1977 and June 1980. A single Phocanema decipiens-like 4th-stage (L4) larva was identified in each of two cases. A recently molted adult male P. decipiens with a fragment of attached L4 cuticle and prominent caudal papillae was recovered from a third person. The latter is the only human case known in which an anisakid worm developed to the adult stage was involved. Two Anisakis type I larvae were recovered in the fourth case, being the first parasitologica…

Persistence of La Crosse virus (California encephalitis serogroup) in north-central Illinois.

La Crosse (LAC) virus was first isolated in Illinois from a pool of 50 female Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes collected in July 1976, in Peoria Heights. From 1978 through 1981, 27 strains (11 from males and 16 from females) of LAC virus were recovered from 888 pools containing 22,021 adult A. triseriatus mosquitoes from the same study area. These mosquitoes had developed from larvae and pupae collected from 50 individually identified treeholes. Of the 14 trees that yielded LAC virus-positive mosquitoes, one was positive in 3 of 4 years and another was positive in all 4 years. The latter tree had

Detection of La Crosse (California encephalitis) virus antigen in mouse skin samples.

La Crosse (LAC) viral antigen was detected in the skin of inoculated mice. Antigen was detected principally in the dermis of 102 of 120 (85%) mice with clinical signs of illness. To demonstrate the specificity of the fluorescence, LAC virus was isolated from selected samples and was identified by the complement-fixation test. Antigen was most often detected in skin rich in vascular and nerve tissue and was probably disseminated by hematogenous spread. Antigen was found in muscle, vascular, nervous, and other tissues of the dermis, depending on the age of the mice. Antigen was first detected in