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[Infectious mononucleosis (Pfeiffer glandular fever) with membranous angina, nephritis, myocarditis and Guillain-Barré syndrome].

In a 10 year old boy with infectious mononucleosis beginning with membranous tonsillitis, followed by nephritis, myocarditis and Guillain-Barré-Syndrome, all the complications could be managed by symptomatic treatment. With favourable outcome after about 3 months of hospitalisation, he could be discharged with only mild neurologic residuals.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Presenting With Unilateral Facial Nerve Palsy: A Rare Presentation.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy typically presenting with symmetrical ascending limb weakness and areflexia. Cranial nerve involvement is recognized, most commonly affecting the facial nerves bilaterally. Unilateral facial nerve palsy, particularly in association with severe radicular lower back pain, is an atypical presentation and may lead to diagnostic uncertainty. We report the case of a 40-year-old woman with a background of papillary thyroid cancer who presented with severe lower back pain, progressive bilateral lower limb weakness, and ac…

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion as the Initial Manifestation of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Report.

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy that commonly presents with progressive weakness and areflexia. This report describes euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia preceding neuromuscular decline in a patient ultimately diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. We report the case of a 69-year-old man who presented with generalized weakness and was found to have persistent euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia. Initial evaluation suggested syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and management with fluid restriction and sodium supplementation was initiat…

Amyloidosis with predominant gastrointestinal symptoms: a challenge for physicians and a burden for patients: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal symptoms resulting from amyloid deposition can differ significantly and might be mistaken for other prevalent … on velocity was performed, leading to a diagnosis of chronic, partially active axonal-dominant type polyradiculoneuropathy. Owing to the involvement of various organs, particularly the heart, peripheral nervous system, and kidneys, we performed a biopsy of the abdominal fat pad owing to suspected amyloidosis. CONCLUSION: Amyloidosis is a disease with many different man …

Varicella-zoster virus infection triggering GD3 antibody-positive variant Guillain-Barré syndrome: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Bilateral facial palsy variant Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a distinct clinical subtype. As an acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy often triggered by infections, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a rare yet significant precipitating factor for this variant. Anti-ganglioside antibodies, particularly anti-GD3, are involved in the pathogenesis of GBS, but their significance in VZV-associated bilateral facial palsy subtype remains incompletely elucidated. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 46-year-old female who developed acute bilateral facial palsy and limb sensory deficits f…

Concomitant Guillain-Barré syndrome and cerebral venous thrombosis complicating a SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report.

Cerebral venous thrombosis associated to acute inflammatory axonal polyneuropathy during infection with SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus-2) is unusua … eflexia with tingling of limbs were found. The whole was concomitant with the diagnosis of an acute polyradiculoneuropathy. Electrophysiologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed albuminocytologic dissociation, and brain imaging revealed sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis. Neurological manifestations improved during treatment with plas …

Reference values for lower limb nerve ultrasound and its diagnostic sensitivity.

We aimed to establish the cross-sectional area (CSA) reference values for peripheral nerves of lower extremities in a healthy Chinese population, and to determine their diagnostic values for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type1A (CMT1A). One hundred eleven healthy subjects, 15-70 years of age, as well as 104 CIDP patients and 26 CMT1A patients were recruited. CSA at predetermined sites of the tibial, fibular, sciatic and sural nerves was measured. The CSA of the tibial nerve ranged from 10.2 ± 1.9 to 20.7 ± 3.6 mm2, and for fibu…

Effect of coexistent carpal tunnel abnormality on sensory conduction findings in polyneuropathy.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the change of pattern of sensory conduction findings in polyneuropathy with coexistent carpal tunnel abnormality (CTAbN). METHODS: We reviewed sensory conduction findings of 46 patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) and 66 with diabetic polyneuropathy (DP). Both groups were categorized into those with and without CTAbN according to transcarpal median sensory conduction velocities. RESULTS: In AIDP, median sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes were reduced, whereas sural SNAP amplitudes remained unchanged. Median SNAP…

[Posterior reversible encephalopathy as the first manifestation of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Report of one case].

We report a 56 year old male hypertensive, who presented with a posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as an initial manifestat … vealed albumin-cytological dissociation and nerve conduction studies showed an axonal demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, which confirmed the diagnosis of GBS. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin was given together with antihypertensive therapy and mechanical ventilation, achieving an important clinical and imaging remission of PRES, but maintaining tetraparesis …

Electrophysiologic and immunopathologic correlates in Guillain-Barré syndrome subtypes.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) includes demyelinating and axonal subtypes with different immunopathologic mechanisms. In acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, segmental demyelination and conduction block are the pathological and electrophysiological correlates of muscle weakness. Slowed conductions and increased temporal dispersion of motor responses are more characteristic of the remyelinative phase and do not affect muscle power. In acute motor axonal neuropathy, muscle weakness has been correlated with an antibody-mediated primary axonal degeneration. Conduction block that…

Anti-ganglioside antibodies in peripheral neuropathy.

There have recently been reports that patients with motor neuropathy with multifocal conduction block have high circulating levels of antibo … lammatory demyelinating neuropathies (Guillain-Barré syndrome or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy). We found one patient with a monoclonal IgM circulating paraprotein and a motor neuropathy who had a high titre of antibody to asialo-GM1. As yet we have found no patients with motor neurone disease with antibodies to asialo-GM1.

Неврология инфекции вируса иммунодефицита человека.

ВИЧ-инфицированные пациенты подвергаются заметному повышению риска неврологической дисфункции, которая может иметь место на любом уровне нейроксиса (см. таблицу 1). Самые распространенные синдромы — синдром слабоумия СПИДа, вакулярная миэлопатия и, возможно, дистальная периферическая нейропатия — связаны с ВИЧ-инфекцией внутри нервной системы, а не с иммунной некомпетентностью, вызванной ВИЧ. Однако механизм (механизмы), с помощью которого (которых) ВИЧ вызывает эти синдромы, например непосредственное заражение нейронов или олигодендроголии, вмешательство в нейротрофические факторы, воздействи

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
HIV-infected patients are at markedly increased risk for neurological dysfunction, which may occur at any level of the neuraxis (see Table 1 … pes simplex encephalitis). Finally, some HIV-associated syndromes, e.g., inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and retinal microvasculopathy, are of unknown etiology.

Use of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Autoimmune Neuromuscular Disorders.

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) plays a pivotal role in the management of autoimmune neuromuscular disorders by facilitating the removal of pathogenic autoantibodies, immune complexes, and proinflammatory mediators, often resulting in short-term symptomatic improvement. This monograph provides a comprehensive review of the indications, mechanisms, clinical applications, and evidence supporting TPE across a spectrum of autoimmune neuromuscular conditions. TPE is utilized in both acute and maintenance settings, particularly when rapid immunomodulation is required. However, sustained disease co

Adjunctive Molecular Hydrogen Capsule Therapy in Empyema Complicated by Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The management of Stage II empyema complicated by chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) presents a formidable clinical challenge due to the precarious balance required between aggressive infection control and the modulation of immune-mediated neurological frailty. We report a complex case of comorbid empyema and CIDP successfully managed with a multidisciplinary approach and adjuvant molecular hydrogen (H2) therapy. CASE REPORT: A 76-year-old male with CIDP presented with acute respiratory failure secondary to Stage II empyema. Following video-assisted thora

The changing landscape of primary autoimmune neuropathies.

Autoimmune neuropathies, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), are rare, disabling disorders. Diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of autoimmune neuropathies rely almost exclusively on clinical parameters, and the available therapies, such as intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids, date from >30 years ago. The lack of therapeutic progress in autoimmune neuropathies has resulted from a combination of limited understanding of their pathophysiology, disease heterogeneity and challenges in trial design. However, advances …

Eculizumab as a Disease-Modifying Therapy in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP): A Case Report.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare immune-mediated disorder; about 20%-30% of patients do not adequately respond to first-line treatments (immunoglobulins, therapeutic plasmapheresis, and corticosteroids) posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 58-year-old man diagnosed with CIDP. During follow-up, he progressively became refractory to all first-line treatments. Therefore, 20 months after the diagnosis, an add-on therapy with Rituximab was tried. Despite previous works supporting the use of Rituxim

Nerve ultrasound in the diagnosis of inflammatory neuropathies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review synthesizes the recent advances in the application of nerve ultrasound (US) to inflammatory neuropathies, including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), neuralgic amyotrophy (NA), Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal gammopathy, Skin changes syndrome (POEMS), and anti-MAG neuropathy. The aim is to clarify nerve US clinical utility and guide its use in clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Nerve US supports differential diagnosis through characteristic…

CIDP/autoimmune nodopathies with nephropathy: a case series study.

OBJECTIVE: The co-morbidity of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)/autoimmune nodopathies with nephropathy has been gradually known in recent years. This study was intended to explore the clinical, serological and neuropathological features of seven patients with CIDP/autoimmune nodopathies and nephropathy. METHODS: Among 83 CIDP patients, seven were identified with nephropathy. Their clinical, electrophysiological and laboratory examination data were collected. The nodal/paranodal antibodies were tested. The sural biopsies were performed in all the patients, and …

Different patterns of sensory nerve involvement in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy subtypes.

INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Among subtypes of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), different immune pathophysiologies have been proposed. In this study, sensory nerve conduction studies were compared among clinical subtypes to attempt to better understand the underlying pathophysiology. METHODS: A total of 138 patients with CIDP was classified into clinical subtypes: typical CIDP (N = 68), multifocal CIDP (N = 27), or other (N = 2). Patients with immunoglobulin M (IgM) neuropathy anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein neuropathy (MAG; N = 19) were also included as disease controls. S