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Latest updates on pathogenesis mechanisms and management strategies for cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis related to CAR-T cell therapies.

Nowadays, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T cell therapy has shown significant efficacy in treating hematological tumors, with an obvious increase in patient survival rates. However, with the widespread application of CAR-T, the incidence of CAR-T related adverse events has gradually increased, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). These complications may be life-threatening, so early diagnosis and intervention treatment are crucial for the prognosis of patients. In this review,

Extracellular matrix dysregulation in aging, calcification, and cancer diseases: insights into cellular senescence, inflammation, and novel therapeutic strategies.

This review underscores the dynamic role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating cellular behavior and maintaining tissue homeostasis, highlighting its pivotal involvement in aging, calcification, and cancer diseases. In healthy tissues, controlled ECM remodeling provides essential biochemical and mechanical cues, but dysregulation (driven by chronic inflammation, cellular senescence, and altered intercellular communication) leads to fibrosis, calcification, and the creation of a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Senescent cells contribute to these changes through senescence-associated

Bone and joint quality remains impaired in long-term controlled acromegaly: an HR-pQCT study.

CONTEXT: Joint and bone disorders are frequent, disabling complications of acromegaly that progress despite biochemical remission. HR-pQCT provides a precise assessment of bone and joint quality. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate joint and bone quality in patients with long-term controlled acromegaly. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: 17 acromegaly patients and 17 age- and sex-matched controls. MEASURES: HR-pQCT of hand joints, tibia, and radius; bone microindentation; vertebral fracture assessment; dual X-ray absorptiometry; circulating bone biomarkers; questionnaires. RESULTS: Patients

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… Ann Rheum Dis . 2011 ; 70 ( 2 ): 320 ‐ 325 . 21131647 10.1136/ard.2010.131698 20 Figueiredo CP , Perez MO , Sales LP , Schett G , Pereira RMR . HR-pQCT in vivo imaging of periarticular bone changes in chronic inflammatory diseases: data from acquisition to impact on treatment indications . …

Systematic review of physical activity measurement scales validated for Arabic-speaking populations: insights from the BRIDGE project.

BackgroundAccurate assessment of physical activity (PA) is essential for epidemiological research and public health surveillance. In Arabic-speaking countries, most PA questionnaires originate from Western contexts, raising concerns about their cultural relevance and psychometric robustness when applied without proper validation.ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to identify PA measurement instruments available in Arabic and to critically appraise their psychometric properties using the COSMIN methodology.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from in

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… Arthritis Rheum. (2003) 49:122–8. doi: 10.1002/art.10907, 10. Macera CA, Powell KE. Population attributable risk: implications of physical activity dose. Med Sci Sports Exerc. (2001) 33:S635–9. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200106001-00032, 11. …

Management of Bone Health Considerations in Patients with Cancer.

Background: Older adults with cancer are surviving longer due to earlier detection and more effective treatments for advanced stages. This population is at an elevated risk of osteoporosis due to age-related changes in bone density as well as the impact of cancer and cancer treatments on the skeletal system. Main Body: Cancer treatments are associated with increased bone loss and fracture risk via a variety of mechanisms. International guidelines recommend screening for cancer treatment-induced bone loss and provide treatment algorithms for pharmacological agents for those on hormonal therapy.

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… Fracture risk with intermittent high-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy Arthritis Rheum. 2007 56 208 214 10.1002/art.22294 17195223 54. Oshagbemi O.A. Driessen J.H. Pieffers A. Wouters E.F. Geusens P. Vestergaard P. van den Bergh J. Franssen F.M. de Vries F. …

Presenting Symptoms in Newly Diagnosed Myeloma, Relation to Organ Damage, and Implications for Symptom-Directed Screening: A Secondary Analysis from the Tackling Early Morbidity and Mortality in Myeloma (TEAMM) Trial.

Multiple myeloma (MM) patients risk diagnostic delays and irreversible organ damage. In those with newly diagnosed myeloma, we explored the presenting symptoms to identify early signals of MM and their relationships to organ damage. The symptoms were recorded in patients' own words at diagnosis and included diagnostic time intervals. Those seen by a haematologist >6 months prior to MM diagnosis were classified as precursor disease (PD). Most (962/977) patients provided data. Back pain (38%), other pain (31%) and systemic symptoms (28%) predominated. Patients rarely complain of 'bone pain', sim

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… Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:3072–3080. doi: 10.1002/art.24853. 30. Koshiaris C., Van den Bruel A., Oke J.L., Nicholson B.D., Shephard E., Braddick M., Hamilton W. Early detection of multiple myeloma in primary care using blood tests: A case–control study in primary care. Br. J. Gen. …

The roles of osteoprotegerin in cancer, far beyond a bone player.

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B), is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Characterized by its ability to bind to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), OPG is critically involved in bone remodeling. Emerging evidence implies that OPG is far beyond a bone-specific modulator, and is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, such as immunoregulation, vascular function, and fibrosis. Notably, numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted to

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… Wnt signaling and bone turnover Nat Med 2013 19 608 13 10.1038/nm.3146 23542786 18. van Tuyl LH Voskuyl AE Boers M Geusens P Landewe RB Dijkmans BA Baseline RANKL:OPG ratio and markers of bone and cartilage degradation predict annual radiological progression over 11 years in rheumatoid arthritis Ann Rheum …

The Role of Macrophage in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease with progressive bone loss. The bone loss is associated with an imbalance between bone resorption via osteoclasts and bone formation via osteoblasts. Other cells including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and osteocytes are also involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Different cytokines from activated macrophages can regulate or stimulate the development of osteoclastogenesis-associated bone loss. The fusion of macrophages can form multinucleated osteoclasts and, thus, cause bone resorption via the expression of IL-4 and IL-13. Different cytokines, endoc

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… Targeting osteoclasts with zoledronic acid prevents bone destruction in collagen-induced arthritis Arthritis Rheum. 2004 50 2338 2346 10.1002/art.20382 15248235 27. Mansoori M.N. Shukla P. Kakaji M. Tyagi A.M. Srivastava K. Shukla M. Dixit M. Kureel J. Gupta S. Singh D. …

pIL6-TRAIL-engineered umbilical cord mesenchymal/stromal stem cells are highly cytotoxic for myeloma cells both in vitro and in vivo.

BackgroundMesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSCs) are favorably regarded in anti-cancer cytotherapies for their spontaneous chemotaxis toward inflammatory and tumor environments associated with an intrinsic cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Placenta-derived or TRAIL-engineered adipose MSCs have been shown to exert anti-tumor activity in both in-vitro and in-vivo models of multiple myeloma (MM) while TRAIL-transduced umbilical cord (UC)-MSCs appear efficient inducers of apoptosis in a few solid tumors. However, apoptosis is not selective for cancer cells since specific TRAIL receptors are also ex

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… Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:1285–8. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.141804. 4. Grisendi G, Bussolari R, Cafarelli L, Petak I, Rasini V, Veronesi E, et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells as stable source of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand delivery for cancer therapy. …

The pleiotropic effects of erythropoietin in infection and inflammation.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a multi-functional cytokine, which exerts erythropoietic effects but also carries anti-apoptotic and immune-modulatory activities upon binding to two distinct receptors which are expressed on erythroid, parenchymal and immune cells, respectively. Whereas EPO ameliorates hemolytic anemia in malaria or trypanosomiasis and improves the course of autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease or autoimmune encephalomyelitis, it deleteriously inhibits macrophage functions in Salmonella infection in animal models. Thus, the specific modulation of extra-erythropoietic

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… Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:940–950. doi: 10.1002/art.20875. 42. Hamed S., Egozi D., Kruchevsky D., Teot L., Gilhar A., Ullmann Y. Erythropoietin improves the survival of fat tissue after its transplantation in nude mice. PLoS One. 2010;5:e13986. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013986. 43. …

Ferret coronavirus-associated diseases.

A novel coronavirus of ferrets was first described in 1993. This coronavirus caused an enteric disease called epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE). Recently, a ferret systemic coronavirus (FRSCV)-associated disease was discovered. This new systemic disease resembles the dry form of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and has been reported in the United States and Europe. This article addresses the clinical signs, pathology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this ferret FIP-like disease.

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… Prednisolone inhibits phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes via steroid receptor mediated events Ann Rheum Dis 42 1 1983 56 62 6830325 10.1136/ard.42.1.56 PMC1001061 28 Legendre A.M. Bartges J.W. …

Novel Strategies for Tumor Treatment: Harnessing ROS-Inducing Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine Through Multifunctional Nanoformulations.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompass a diverse group of chemically reactive molecules or ions distinguished by their substantial oxidative potential. Empirical studies have shown that the targeted administration of high toxic concentrations of ROS can effectively induce tumor cell death in various types. Numerous bioactive ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), recognized for their ROS-inducing properties, have demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity. Nonetheless, their clinical application has been hindered by challenges such as low solubility, limited bioavailab

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… through ROS signaling. 53 In non-small cell lung cancer cells, gambogic acid has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis by modulating ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. 54 Emodin Emodin is primarily sourced from the desiccated roots and rhizomes of Polygonum palmatum L., Rheum … tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. , or Rheum officinale Baill. in the Polygonaceae family. …

Drugging the efferocytosis process: concepts and opportunities.

The daily removal of billions of apoptotic cells in the human body via the process of efferocytosis is essential for homeostasis. To allow for this continuous efferocytosis, rapid phenotypic changes occur in the phagocytes enabling them to engulf and digest the apoptotic cargo. In addition, efferocytosis is actively anti-inflammatory and promotes resolution. Owing to its ubiquitous nature and the sheer volume of cell turnover, efferocytosis is a point of vulnerability. Aberrations in efferocytosis are associated with numerous inflammatory pathologies, including atherosclerosis, cancer and infe

Second-Generation Jak2 Inhibitors for Advanced Prostate Cancer: Are We Ready for Clinical Development?

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for metastatic and high-risk prostate cancer (PC) inhibits growth pathways driven by the androgen receptor (AR). Over time, ADT leads to the emergence of lethal castrate-resistant PC (CRPC), which is consistently caused by an acquired ability of tumors to re-activate AR. This has led to the development of second-generation anti-androgens that more effectively antagonize AR, such as enzalutamide (ENZ). However, the resistance of CRPC to ENZ develops rapidly. Studies utilizing preclinical models of PC have established that inhibition of the Jak2-Stat5 signaling

Interleukin-1 Beta-A Friend or Foe in Malignancies?

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is induced by inflammatory signals in a broad number of immune cell types. IL-1β (and IL-18) are the only cytokines which are processed by caspase-1 after inflammasome-mediated activation. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about parameters of regulation of IL-1β expression and its multi-facetted role in pathophysiological conditions. IL-1 signaling activates innate immune cells including antigen presenting cells, and drives polarization of CD4+ T cells towards T helper type (Th) 1 and Th17 cells. Therefore, IL-1β has been attributed a largely beneficial

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… Nlrp1 gene polymorphism influences gene transcription and is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis in han Chinese Arthritis Rheum 2012 64 647 654 10.1002/art.33370 21976003 81. Dwivedi M. Laddha N.C. Mansuri M.S. Marfatia Y.S. Begum R. … Rheum. Dis. 2000 59 Suppl. 1 i60 i64 10.1136/ard.59.suppl_1.i60 11053091 PMC1766634 123. Bellehumeur C. Blanchet J. Fontaine J.Y. Bourcier N. Akoum A. Interleukin 1 regulates its own receptors in human endometrial cells via distinct mechanisms Hum. …

Coexistence of Autoantibodies against the Golgi Complex and Ro52 Antigen in a Patient with Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is often associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD). The diagnosis of NSIP was confirmed in a 63-year-old man by high-resolution computed tomography and an open lung biopsy. Anti-Golgi complex autoantibodies (AGA) and anti-Ro52 antibodies were simultaneously detected at high concentrations. Autoantibodies to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) were negative. The patient was treated with corticosteroids for six months. During the seven-year follow-up, NSIP had a slow progression and patient had not developed the clinical features of CTD. The present

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… Arthritis Rheum. 1969;12:126–36. Tamme T, et al. Sarcoidosis (Heerfordt syndrome): a case report. Stomatologija Baltic Dent Maxillofac J. 2007;9:61–4. Turkish M, et al. Osteitis tuberculosa multiplex cystica: its treatment with streptomycin and promizole. J Pediatr. 1949;35:625–9. Warshauer DM. …

References

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… Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51: 384–388. 127. Gross JL, de Azevedo MJ, Silveiro SP et al. Diabetic nephropathy: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 164–176. 128. Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, de Galan BE et al. … Ann Rheum Dis 1988; 47: 759–763. 161. Waugh JJ, Clark TJ, Divakaran TG et al. Accuracy of urinalysis dipstick techniques in predicting significant proteinuria in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 103: 769–777. 162. White SL, Yu R, Craig JC et al. …

HIV-Associated Lymphomas: Updates from Pathogenesis to Treatment Strategies.

HIV-associated lymphoma (HAL) is an aggressive malignancy directly linked to HIV infection and accounts for more than 30% of cancer-related deaths in people living with HIV (PLWH). HAL subtypes, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), exhibit five to ten times higher incidence rates and distinct molecular profiles compared to HIV-negative lymphomas. Pathogenesis involves HIV-driven CD4+ T-cell depletion, chronic B-cell activation, and oncogenic viral coinfection. First-line therapy combines antir

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… Sennoside A, derived from the traditional chinese medicine plant Rheum L., is a new dual HIV-1 inhibitor effective on HIV-1 replication. Phytomedicine. 2016;23(12):1383–1391. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.08.001. 160. Ntlhamu M.I., Ndhlala A.R., Masoko P. …

Plasma cell targeting with the anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-a clinical pilot study.

BackgroundMyalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) entails low quality of life for patients and massive societal costs. There is an urgent need for elucidation of disease mechanisms and for rational treatment. Our working hypothesis is that ME/CFS in a subgroup of patients is associated with functional autoantibodies emerging after an infection, and that plasma-cell depletion with transient reductions in serum immunoglobulins will have a beneficial effect on patients' symptoms.ObjectiveTo evaluate feasibility and toxicity of plasma-cell targeting treatment using the subcutan

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… Arthritis Rheum. (2009) 60:1753–63. doi: 10.1002/art.24556 51. Benfaremo D, Gabrielli A. Is there a future for anti-CD38 antibody therapy in systemic autoimmune diseases? Cells. (2019) 9:77. doi: 10.3390/cells9010077 52. Yang EH, Muhsen IN, Samarkandi H, El Fakih R, Aljurf M, Hanbali A. …

Минимально инвазивное плазменное устройство для борьбы с множественным раком кожи Бенигена, связанное с сериями Rare Gendermatoses-Cases, и обзор терапевтических методов.

Фон: Немеланоцитические доброкачественные опухоли кожи включают в себя разнообразную группу повреждений, классифицированных по признаку их клеточного происхождения, таких, как эпидермальные, сосудистые, волокнистые, нейронные, мышечные и аднексальные опухоли. Хотя они часто обнаруживают повреждения в одиночестве, многочисленные опухоли кожи сосредотачиваются на генодерматозах. Каждый синдром обладает различными клиническими характеристиками и потенциальными осложнениями, включая категорические и внекачественные недуги, некоторые из которых могут представлять опасность для жизни. Диагнозные ген

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… Rheum. Dis. 1979 37 378 381 10.1136/ard.37.4.378 686873 PMC1000250 55. Patel R. Wesenberg J. Brammeier J. Fibrofolliculomas in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome treated with nonfractionated ablative CO 2 laser JAAD Case Rep. 2023 40 96 98 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.08.026 37771352 PMC10523416 56. Truchuelo M.T. …