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Detection of Sporadic Outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever in Uganda through the National Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Surveillance System, 2017-2020.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease of public health and economic importance. Uganda has reported sporadic outbreaks of RVF in both humans and animals across the country, especially in the southwestern part of the "cattle corridor" through an established viral hemorrhagic fever surveillance system. We report 52 human cases of laboratory-confirmed RVF from 2017 to 2020. The case fatality rate was 42%. Among those infected, 92% were males and 90% were adults (≥ 18 years). Clinical symptoms were characterized by fever (69%), unexplained bleeding (69%), headache (51%), abdominal pain (49…

Epidemiological processes involved in the emergence of vector-borne diseases: West Nile fever, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever.

Over the past few decades, the geographical distribution of arthropod-borne zoonoses has dramatically expanded. The influence of human-induc … e objective of this paper is to describe the epidemiological processes of the vector-borne diseases Rift Valley fever, West Nile fever, Japanese encephalitis and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever.

Continental assessment of Rift Valley fever in dromedary camels: Systematic review and Meta-analysis, 1977-2025.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a viral, mosquito-borne disease affecting livestock, including camels, and humans. The virus, belonging to the genus Phlebovirus, is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Culex, which act as both reservoirs and vectors, facilitating viral spread during outbreaks. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive synthesis of RVF epidemiology in camels across Africa from 1977 to 2025, estimate the true seroprevalence, and assess potential risk factors associated with infection. Following PRISMA guidelines, an exhaustive se…

Dissecting placental host-pathogen interactions: Rift Valley fever virus infection in early human trophoblast stem cells.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne Phlebovirus and zoonotic pathogen affecting maternal-fetal health. Vertical transmission is linked to miscarriage and severe fetal outcomes, but mechanisms of placental pathogenesis remain unclear. We used first-trimester human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) to model infection at the maternal-fetal interface. Immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and single-cell transcriptomics showed that hTSCs are highly susceptible to RVFV. Strand-specific viral transcriptomics confirmed the ambisense S segment and revealed preferential transcripti…

Recombinant Protein Production and Purification of Rift Valley Fever Virus Nucleoprotein from Escherichia coli Expression Systems.

The recombinant expression and purification of viral proteins are a key component in the study of the immune response of viruses, as well as … m protein production in a minimal amount of time. In this chapter, a protocol for the production of Rift Valley fever virus nucleoprotein is described. This protein has been previously shown to highly antigenic (and thus, is used in diagnostic tests), and has also been shown to be a potent inducer of the T-cell response following Rift Valley fever virus infection. …

Developing Indirect rRVFV-NP based ELISA Protocol for Detection of IgG Against Rift Valley Fever Virus.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus that causes significant infectious diseases in humans and in a wide array of domestic livestock. A notable epidemic of RVFV occurred in Saudi Arabia and Yemen in 2000, resulting in severe public health ramifications and high mortality rates among both human and animal populations. Despite the urgency of the situation, no approved vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for human use has been developed to date. There are currently no commercially available ELISA assays for RVFV. This study aims to develop an in-house ELISA utilizing purifie…

Widening geographic range of Rift Valley fever disease clusters associated with climate change in East Africa.

BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiology of Rift Valley fever (RVF) disease in Africa suggests growing frequency and expanding geographic range of small disease clusters in regions that previously had not reported the disease. We investigated factors associated with the phenomenon by characterizing recent RVF disease events in East Africa. METHODS: Data on 100 disease events (2008 - 2022) from Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania were obtained from public databases and institutions, and modeled against possible geo-ecological risk factors of occurrence including altitude, soil type, rainfall/precipitation, tem…

Моноклональная антитела для вирусного нуклеокапсида Рифт-Вэлли: применение в ИгГ/ИгМ ЭЛИСА для серодиагноза.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Вирус лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли (RVFV), принадлежащий семейству фенуивиридае, несет ответственность за зоонотическое заболевание под названием " лихорадка долины Рифт " . В настоящее время PVFV распространился от Африки до Азии, и в силу своей способности вызывать высокие показатели смертности он оказывает значительное воздействие на здоровье человека и экономическое развитие во многих обществах. Для клинического использования необходимы высокоспециализированные и чувствительные системы серодиагностики ВИЧ-инфекции. МЕТОД: BALB/c мыши были иммунизированы рекомбинантным нуклеокап

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) belonging to the Phenuiviridae family is responsible for a zoonotic disease called Rift Valley fever (RVF). Currently, RVFV has spread from Africa to Asia, and due to its ability to cause high mortality rates, it has significantly impacted human health and economic development in many societies. Highly specific an…

Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Intense Host-Pathogen Dispute Compromising Homeostasis during Acute Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) (family Phenuiviridae) can cause severe disease, and outbreaks of this mosquito-borne pathogen pose a significant threat to public and animal health. Yet many molecular aspects of RVFV pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Natural RVFV infections are acute, characterized by a rapid onset of peak viremia during the first days post-infection, followed by a rapid decline. Although in vitro studies identified a major role of interferon (IFN) responses in counteracting the infection, a comprehensive overview of the specific host factors that play a role in RVFV…

Serologic evidence of silent Rift Valley fever virus infection among occupationally exposed persons in northern Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by RVF virus (RVFV) and transmitted primarily by mosquitoes and contact with fluids and tissues of infected animals. First described in Kenya, it has spread to many African countries and beyond. In humans, it is sometimes misdiagnosed because the symptoms resemble those of influenza and/or malaria. Butchers, abattoir workers, and livestock keepers have the highest risk of infection. METHODOLOGY: In this study, serum samples collected between February and September 2019 from 196 individuals comprising of butchers (n = 121), aba…

Genetic diversity of collaborative cross mice enables identification of novel rift valley fever virus encephalitis model.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arboviral disease of humans and livestock responsible for severe economic and human health impacts. In humans, RVF spans a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from an acute flu-like illness to severe forms of disease, including late-onset encephalitis. The large variations in human RVF disease are inadequately represented by current murine models, which overwhelmingly die of early-onset hepatitis. Existing mouse models of RVF encephalitis are either immunosuppressed, display an inconsistent phenotype, or develop encephalitis only when challenged via intran…

Rift Valley Fever and West Nile virus vectors in Morocco: Current situation and future anticipated scenarios.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) and West Nile virus (WNV) are two important emerging Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, typically Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus and Cx. pipiens in temperate regions. In Morocco, several outbreaks of WNV (1996, 2003 and 2010), affecting horses mostly, have been reported in north-western regions resulting in the death of 55 horses and one person cumulatively. Serological evidence of WNV local circulation, performed one year after the latest outbreak, revealed WNV neutralizing bodies in 59 out of 499 tested participants (El Rhaffouli et al., 2012). The coun…

Two monoclonal antibodies against glycoprotein Gn protect mice from Rift Valley Fever challenge by cooperative effects.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus that causes severe disease in humans and ruminants. The infection is characterized by abortions in pregnant animals, high mortality in neonates as well as febrile illness in humans that develop in 1% of cases encephalitis or hemorrhagic fever. There is presently no specific antiviral treatment for RVFV infection available. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), raised against glycoprotein Gn, were applied in a therapeutic study. Treatment of RVFV infected mice with neutralizing mAb Gn3 alone at two different time points (30 minut…

Rift Valley Fever Viral RNA Detection by In Situ Hybridization in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues.

Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a zoonotic, mosquito-borne Phlebovirus, cause abortion storms and death in sheep and cattle resulting in catastrophic economic impacts in endemic regions of Africa. More recently, with changes in competent vector distribution, growing international trade, and its potential use for bioterrorism, RVFV has become a transboundary animal disease of significant concern. New and sensitive techniques that determine RVFV presence, while lessening the potential for environmental contamination and human risk, through the use of inactivated, noninfecti…

Transcriptome profiling in Rift Valley fever virus infected cells reveals modified transcriptional and alternative splicing programs.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the Phenuiviridae family that infects both domestic livestock and humans. The NIAID has designated RVFV as a Category A priority emerging pathogen due to the devastating public health outcomes associated with epidemic outbreaks. However, there is no licensed treatment or vaccine approved for human use. Therefore it is of great interest to understand RVFV pathogenesis in infected hosts in order to facilitate creation of targeted therapies and treatment options. Here we provide insight into the host-pathogen interface in h…

Ecological distribution and population dynamics of Rift Valley fever virus mosquito vectors (Diptera, Culicidae) in Senegal.

BACKGROUND: Many zoonotic infectious diseases have emerged and re-emerged over the last two decades. There has been a significant increase in vector-borne diseases due to climate variations that lead to environmental changes favoring the development and adaptation of vectors. This study was carried out to improve knowledge of the ecology of mosquito vectors involved in the transmission of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in Senegal. METHODS: An entomological survey was conducted in three Senegalese agro-systems, Senegal River Delta (SRD), Senegal River Valley (SRV) and Ferlo, during the rainy s…

Experimental transmission of West Nile Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus by Culex pipiens from Lebanon.

West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) are two emerging arboviruses transmitted by Culex pipiens species that includes two biotypes: pipiens and molestus. In Lebanon, human cases caused by WNV and RVFV have never been reported. However, the introduction of these viruses in the country is likely to occur through the migratory birds and animal trades. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Cx. pipiens, a predominant mosquito species in urban and rural regions in Lebanon, to transmit WNV and RVFV. Culex egg rafts were collected in the West Bekaa district, east of Lebanon and…

Усвоение и эффективность вакцины от вируса лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли в нечеловеческих приматах.

Вирус лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли (RVFV) является одним из важных переносимых комарами ветеринарных и человеческих патогенов, которые вызывают крупные вспышки серьезных заболеваний в Африке и на Аравийском полуострове. В настоящее время для лечения этого потенциально смертоносного заболевания не существует лицензированной вакцины или терапевтических препаратов. Взрывоопасный характер вспышек RVFV и серьезные последствия их случайного или преднамеренного проникновения в зоны, свободные от RVFV, стимулируют разработку новых вакцин для использования как в животноводстве, так и в людях. Рационально спрое

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important mosquito-borne veterinary and human pathogen that has caused large outbreaks of severe disease throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Currently, no licensed vaccine or therapeutics exists to treat this potentially deadly disease. The explosive nature of RVFV outbreaks and the severe consequences of its acc…

Human immune cell engraftment does not alter development of severe acute Rift Valley fever in mice.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) in humans is usually mild, but, in a subset of cases, can progress to severe hepatic and neurological disease. Rodent models of RVF generally develop acute severe clinical disease. Here, we inoculated humanized NSG-SGM3 mice with Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) to investigate whether the presence of human immune cells in mice would alter the progression of RVFV infection to more closely model human disease. Despite increased human cytokine expression, including responses mirroring those seen in human disease, and decreased hepatic viral RNA levels at terminal euthanasia,…