Результаты поиска

Full-scale investigation of in-situ iron and alkalinity generation for efficient sulfide control.

Hydrogen sulfide induced corrosion of concrete sewer pipes is a major issue for wastewater utilities globally. One of the most commonly used methods to combat hydrogen sulfide is the addition of ferric chloride. While a reliable and effective method, ferric chloride is acidic causing OH&S concerns as well as alkalinity consumption in sewage. This study investigates, under full-scale field conditions, an alternative method for sulfide control by in-situ electrochemical generation of iron ions using sacrificial iron electrodes. This method concomitantly produces alkalinity through cathodic OH- g…

Migration and degradation of swine farm tetracyclines at the river catchment scale: Can the multi-pond system mitigate pollution risk to receiving rivers?

The study investigated the degradation behaviors of swine farm tetracyclines (TCs) at a catchment scale and explored whether multi-pond syst … e soil and/or sediment at different points along the swine wastewater outlet, which included sewer, sewage pond, mixed-canal (stream and sewage), farmland (paddy and upland soil) and finally the river. TC concentrations of all collected samples were obtained by solid phase extraction followed by measurement with high-performance liquid chromatography tan …

Low-nitrogen oxides combustion of dried sludge using a pilot-scale cyclone combustor with recirculation.

UNLABELLED: Recently, numerical and experimental studies have been conducted to develop a moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) com … he combustor. The laboratory-scale tests yielded promising results for the MILD combustion of dried sewage sludge. To achieve pilot-scale MILD combustion of dried sludge in this study, the effects of geometric parameters such as the venturi tube configuration, the air injection location, and the air nozzle diameter were investigated. With the optimized g …

Occurrence, fate and assessment of polar metamizole (dipyrone) residues in hospital and municipal wastewater.

The occurrence and fate of residues from the therapeutic use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug metamizole have been studied in investigations of sewage effluents from a military hospital, municipal sewers and a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Berlin, Germany. The loads of the metabolites aminoantipyrin (AA), 4-acetylaminoantipyrin (AAA) and 4-formyl-aminoantipyrin (FAA), rapidly formed after the application of metamizole, were predicted from pharmacokinetic data and based on the evaluation of extensive data sets of on the administration in hospitals and private households. In paralle…

Evaluation of different types of anaerobic seed sludge for the high rate anaerobic digestion of pig slurry in UASB reactors.

Three different types of anaerobic sludge (granular, thickened digestate and anaerobic sewage) were evaluated as seed inoculum sources for the high rate anaerobic digestion of pig slurry in UASB reactors. Granular sludge performance was optimal, allowing a high efficiency process yielding a volumetric methane production rate of 4.1LCH4L-1d-1 at 1.5days HRT (0.248LCH4g-1COD) at an organic loading rate of 16.4gCODL-1d-1. The thickened digestate sludge experimented flotation problems, thus resulting inappropriate for the UASB process. The anaerobic sewage sludge reactor experimented biomass wash-…

Influence of Incubation Time for Viability Assessment of Ascaris suum Eggs-Attempts to Optimise the Parasitological Examination.

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal incubation time for accurate assessment of Ascaris suum eggs viability, an important step in improving parasitological diagnostics. The experiment used A. suum eggs collected from three sources: adult roundworms uteri (U), pig faeces (F) and sewage sludge (S), then incubated at 27 °C and monitored weekly. The number of Petri dishes used for eggs observations for each source was 12 (100 eggs were observed on each Petri dish). Eggs were classified as dead (with clear deformations), viable (with motile larvae) or of uncertain viability (retaining…

Обнаружение множественных человеческих вирусов, включая Mpox, с использованием подхода к наблюдению за сточными водами в Бразилии.

Наблюдение за сточными сточными водами может использоваться в качестве эффективного дополнительного инструмента для обнаружения патогенов в местных общинах, для получения информации о возникающих угрозах и оказания помощи в мониторинге вспышек. В ходе этого исследования, в ходе которого использовались данные мониторинга qPCR и целых геномных сточных вод, мы обнаружили вирус Mpox вместе с другими вирусами в городских и больничных стоках в Бело-Оризонте, Бразилия, за 9-месячный период (с июля 2022 года по март 2023 года). Уровни обнаружения ДНК MPXV в нашем исследовании варьировались: 19,6% (11

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Sewage surveillance can be used as an effective complementary tool for detecting pathogens in local communities, providing insights into emerging threats and aiding in the monitoring of outbreaks. In this study using qPCR and whole genomic sewage surveillance, we detected the Mpox virus along with other viruses, in municipal and hospital wastewaters in Belo …

Temporal study of wastewater surveillance from September 2020 to March 2021: an estimation of COVID-19 patients in Lahore, Pakistan.

The first aim of study was to quantify the viral load in the wastewater samples by RT-qPCR testing in Lahore population to estimate the number of patients affected and predict the next resurgence of COVID-19 wave in the city. The second aim of the study was to determine the hotspot areas of Lahore which remained positive more often for virus with high viral load. In this study, n = 420 sewage samples were collected on an average of two weeks intervals from 30 different sewage water disposal stations (14 sampling events) from Sept 2020 to March 2021. RNA was extracted and quantified by RT-qPCR …

Clinico-epidemiological study of an outbreak of typhoid in North India.

INTRODUCTION: Typhoid fever is endemic in India. There have been various outbreaks of typhoid fever reported from different parts of India. … o requisite investigations. A sanitary survey was carried out to locate defects in water supply and sewage disposal. Record of bacteriological survey of water samples from the area was scrutinized. Descriptive epidemiology of cases was carried out. RESULTS: Attack rate was 16.1% and 17.4% among men and women, respectively. Fever was present in 52 (69.3% …

[Characteristics of Cd, As, and Pb in Soil and Wheat Grains and Health Risk Assessment of Grain-Cd/As/Pb on the Field Scale].

In recent years, heavy metal pollution in farmlands has become increasingly serious because of human activities such as metal smelting, sewage irrigation, and road traffic in China. A field survey was conducted to investigate characteristics of Cd, As, and Pb in soil and wheat grains and assess the health risk of grain-Cd/As/Pb to humans on the fields scale. The farmland was influenced by smelter and sewage irrigation in the attitude and by road traffic in the horizon. The results showed that in farmland soil with moderate pollution levels, Cd, As, and Pb concentrations in soil samples all exc…

Translating antibiotic prescribing into antibiotic resistance in the environment: A hazard characterisation case study.

The environment receives antibiotics through a combination of direct application (e.g., aquaculture and fruit production), as well as indirect release through pharmaceutical manufacturing, sewage and animal manure. Antibiotic concentrations in many sewage-impacted rivers are thought to be sufficient to select for antibiotic resistance genes. Yet, because antibiotics are nearly always found associated with antibiotic-resistant faecal bacteria in wastewater, it is difficult to distinguish the selective role of effluent antibiotics within a 'sea' of gut-derived resistance genes. Here we examine t…

Insights from a Systematic Search for Information on Designs, Costs, and Effectiveness of Poliovirus Environmental Surveillance Systems.

Poliovirus surveillance plays a critical role in achieving and certifying eradication and will play a key role in the polio endgame. Environmental surveillance can provide an opportunity to detect circulating polioviruses prior to the observation of any acute flaccid paralysis cases. We completed a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications on environmental surveillance for polio including the search terms "environmental surveillance" or "sewage," and "polio," "poliovirus," or "poliomyelitis," and compared characteristics of the resulting studies. The review included 146 studies represent…

Occurrence and distribution of psychoactive compounds and their metabolites in the urban water cycle of Berlin (Germany).

The occurrence and distribution of six psychoactive compounds (primidone, phenobarbital, oxazepam, diazepam, meprobamate, and pyrithyldione) and a metabolite of primidone (phenylethylmalonamide) were investigated in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, surface water, groundwater of a bank filtration site, raw and final drinking water, and in groundwater affected by former sewage irrigation. Primidone and its metabolite phenylethylmalonamide were found to be ubiquitous in environmental water samples in Berlin. Maximum concentrations of 0.87 and 0.42 μg/L, respectively, were encountered …

Estimating community drug abuse by wastewater analysis.

BACKGROUND: The social and medical problems of drug abuse are a matter of increasing global concern. To tackle drug abuse in changing scenarios, international drug agencies need fresh methods to monitor trends and patterns of illicit drug consumption. OBJECTIVE: We tested a sewage epidemiology approach, using levels of excreted drug residues in wastewater, to monitor collective use of the major drugs of abuse in near real time. METHODS: Selected drug target residues derived from use of cocaine, opiates, cannabis, and amphetamines were measured by mass spectrometry in wastewater collected at …

Need for vaccination of sewer workers against leptospirosis and hepatitis A.

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the prevalence of Leptospira interrogans and hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies in serum samples from sewer … is apparently no longer a risk. The likely explanation is that leptospira are still abundant in the sewage system in contrast with HAV, which is only rarely to be found in sewage as a result of the generalised decrease in incidence of hepatitis A in the past three decades. The decision to vaccinate sewer workers against hepatitis A should take into accou …

Interrupting wild poliovirus transmission using oral poliovirus vaccine: environmental surveillance in high-risks area of India.

Global eradication of poliomyelitis has reached critical stage. Sabin Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) has been successful in three major regio … was conducted (2004-2006) to authenticate the decline in the wild poliovirus (PV) cases in Lucknow. Sewage sample analyses were compared with stools of AFP patients and healthy children from same geographical area. Study reveals useful information on OPV circulation and proves important epidemiological tool to trust WHO's OPV immunization program. Geneti …

Suspended particle and pathogen peak discharge buffering by a surface-flow constructed wetland.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been shown to improve the water quality of treated wastewater. The capacity of CWs to reduce nutrients, pathogens and organic matter and restore oxygen regime under normal operating conditions cannot be extrapolated to periods of incidental peak discharges. The buffering capacity of CWs during peak discharges is potentially a key factor for water quality in the receiving waters. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the behaviour of peak discharges of suspended particles, (associated) physiochemical parameters and pathogenic organisms from a

Effective separation of organic species from a shale oil sludge.

Exhaustively separating organic matter (OM) from shale oil sludge (SOS) not only facilitates the value-added utilization of the OM, but also is capable of avoiding the pollution by discharging or combusting SOS. The OM in the SOS was sequentially extracted under ultrasonic irradiation using petroleum ether (PE), methanol, carbon disulfide (CDS), and isometric mixture (IMM) of acetone and carbon disulfide. As a result, over 99.8% of the OM in the SOS was extracted. According to the analysis with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, the extracts primarily consist of alkanes, alkenes, and arene

[Poliomyelitis surveillance in the Czech Republic from the start of vaccination to the certification of eradication in the European Region].

Poliomyelitis anterior acuta is an acute infectious disease caused by polioviruses of three antigenic types. First epidemics of poliomyeliti … paigns with living OPV vaccine, clinical screening, virological screening of clinical specimens and sewage water (environmental) samples and sera screening within serological surveys mapping the vaccination immunological efficacy. From 1961 to 2003, 21,423 stool specimens of vaccinated healthy children, 62,440 stool specimens of patients, 6250 cerebrospi …

Decision analysis to support wastewater management in coral reef priority area.

A cocktail of land-based sources of pollution threatens coral reef ecosystems, and addressing these has become a key management and policy challenge in the State of Hawai'i, other US territories, and globally. In West Maui, Hawai'i, nearly one quarter of all living corals were lost between 1995 and 2008. Onsite disposal systems (OSDS) for sewage leak contaminants into drinking water sources and nearshore waters. In recognition of this risk, the Hawai'i State Department of Health (DOH) is prioritizing areas for cesspool upgrades. Independently, we applied a decision analysis process to identify…