Результаты поиска

Minimizing Hazards Associated With Live-Virus Immunotherapeutic Cancer Vaccines.

Therapeutic cancer vaccines that use attenuated vaccinia viruses as delivery vectors are undergoing clinical trials at dozens of sites internationally. Even in an attenuated form, these live viruses can cause severe illness if they are accidentally transmitted to immunocompromised people, pregnant women, or people with certain skin conditions. Oncology nurses should become familiar with how to manage patients' vaccine injection sites to minimize these risks to patients' close contacts and the community at large.
.

Dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy: vaccines or autologous transplants?

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most powerful immunostimulatory cells specialized in the induction and regulation of immune responses. Their properties and the feasibility of their large-scale ex vivo generation led to the application of ex vivo-educated DCs to bypass the dysfunction of endogenous DCs in cancer patients and to induce therapeutic anti-cancer immunity. While multiple paradigms of therapeutic application of DCs reflect their consideration as cancer "vaccines", numerous features of DC-based vaccination resemble those of autologous transplants, resulting in challenges and opportuniti

Melanoma cancer vaccines and anti-tumor T cell responses.

Melanoma is a disease which has been shown to be responsive to immune intervention. This has been suggested by reports of spontaneous responses of metastatic disease with strong immune infiltrates, and supported by recent data correlating clinical response after IFNalpha treatment with development of generalized autoimmunity. Since the identification of melanoma-associated tumor antigens, many groups have performed clinical trials to take advantage of this discovery with melanoma-specific cancer vaccines. These trials, in which multiple antigen delivery strategies have been tested in hundreds …

Therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer: dendritic cell-based immunotherapy.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection represents the most important risk factor for the development of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer. Several lines of evidence suggest that cell-mediated immune responses are important in controlling both HPV infections and HPV-associated neoplasia. Since HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins are expressed in these lesions and are necessary for the maintenance of the malignant phenotype, these proteins might be potential tumor-specific target antigens for immunotherapy of cervical cancer. The gold standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer is primary

Human chorionic gonadotropin as a target for cancer vaccines.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is expressed by common cancers and may play a role in cell transformation as well as angiogenic, metastatic, and immune escape phenomena that are central to cancer progression. Clinical trials with a vaccine targeting the carboxy-terminal peptide of -hCG have indicated that tolerance to this oncofetal antigen can be broken. Humoral responses that may modulate the biologic activity of tumor-associated hCG as well as cellular responses to hCG have been generated. Studies are in progress to further define the biologic significance of hCG in cancer and to develop

Current advances in cancer vaccines targeting NY-ESO-1 for solid cancer treatment.

New York-esophageal cancer 1 (NY-ESO-1) belongs to the cancer testis antigen (CTA) family, and has been identified as one of the most immunogenic tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) among the family members. Given its ability to trigger spontaneous humoral and cellular immune response and restricted expression, NY-ESO-1 has emerged as one of the most promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer vaccines, an important element of cancer immunotherapy, function by presenting an exogenous source of TAA proteins, peptides, and antigenic epitopes to CD4+ T cells via major histocompatibility compl…

Cancer Vaccines in Genitourinary Malignancies: Current Advances and Future Directions.

Therapeutic cancer vaccines are a promising immunotherapy approach in genitourinary (GU) cancers, designed to stimulate antitumor immune responses through antigen-specific T-cell activation. Although agents such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin in bladder cancer and sipuleucel-T in prostate cancer have shown success, vaccine monotherapy has generally produced limited clinical benefit due to tumor heterogeneity, poor immune infiltration, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Multiple vaccine platforms have demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in prostate, renal cell, and urothelial cancer…

Clinical translation of mRNA-based cancer vaccines for solid tumors.

Vaccines that use messenger RNA (mRNA) have become a promising platform that is transforming cancer immunotherapy. These mRNA vaccines can b … ynthesizes evidence from published clinical studies and 65 registered clinical trials on mRNA-based cancer vaccines, summarizing key molecular principles, delivery strategies, clinical translation in solid tumors, and ongoing opportunities for future therapeutic development.

mRNA cancer vaccines: delivery strategies, immune modulation, and clinical translation.

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, and traditional treatments often involve significant toxicity and limited benefits for patie … and their potential applications across various cancers. We suggest that the effectiveness of mRNA cancer vaccines depends not only on selecting the right antigens but also on delivery methods that modulate the immune response and reshape the tumor microenvironment. Melanoma is a prime candidate for prioritizing the research and development of mRNA cancer vaccin …

Психотерапевтические вакцины от рака в Малинах Б-Келл и Множественной миеломе.

Терапевтические вакцины от рака представляют собой рациональную иммунотерапевтическую стратегию, направленную на стимулирование адаптивной иммунной реакции на опухоль у пациентов с установленными недугами. В отличие от профилактических вакцин, эти подходы должны функционировать в рамках микроопухолей с иммуноподражающей опухолью, характеризующихся антигенной гетерогенностью, иммунной дисфункцией и динамической эволюцией опухоли. Эффективная разработка вакцин требует интеграции трех основных компонентов: отбора соответствующих антигенов, связанных с опухолью или специфических для опухоли, эффек

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Therapeutic cancer vaccines represent a rational immunotherapeutic strategy aimed at inducing tumor-specific adaptive immune responses in patients with established malignancies. In contrast to prophylactic vaccines, these approaches must function within immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments characterized by antigenic heterogeneity, immune dysfunction, an…

Advances in nanotechnology-enabled adjuvants for peptide-based cancer vaccines.

Peptide-based vaccines only contain peptide epitopes and exclude unnecessary biological materials, which greatly reduces the risk of causing an undesired immune response and further improves the safety profile, garnering considerable interest in vaccine development. However, the immunogenicity induced by these peptides alone is not potent enough to elicit an effective immune response. Recently, combining the adjuvants with peptide antigens has shown promising effects to realize a satisfying immune response. In this review, we discuss the development of immunoadjuvants to enhance the safety and

Toward cancer immunoprevention: what are the prospects for therapeutic vaccines?

Therapeutic cancer vaccines represent a promising immunotherapy approach aimed at treating existing cancers by stimulating the patient's immune system to target tumor cells. Unlike prophylactic vaccines, therapeutic vaccines are administered after cancer diagnosis and focus on inducing specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses against tumor-associated antigens or tumor-specific neoantigens. These antigens are presented by antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, to activate an immune attack. However, the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines is often limited by immune tolerance, tumor hete…

Beyond the blood-brain barrier: Intranasal vaccines in cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases to treat, with a wide range of therapeutic approaches being explored. Immunotherapy has … e response presents a promising avenue for future cancer therapies. The present state of intranasal cancer vaccines is reviewed in this paper, along with immune activation mechanisms, vaccination platforms, adjuvants, regulatory issues, and possible remedies.

Advances and challenges in anti-cancer vaccines for multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer marked by plasma cell accumulation in the bone marrow. Despite treatment advancements, MM remains incurable in most patients. MM-associated immune dysregulation fosters disease progression, prompting research into immunotherapy to combat the disease. An area of immunotherapy investigation is the design of myeloma vaccine therapy to reverse tumor-associated immune suppression and elicit tumor-specific immune responses to effectively target MM cells. This article reviews vaccine immunotherapy for MM, categorizing findings by antigen type and delive

Anti-cancer effect of COVID-19 vaccines in mice models.

AIMS: Without any doubt, vaccination was the best choice for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic control. According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), people with cancer or a history of cancer have a higher risk of dying from Covid-19 than ordinary people; hence, they should be considered a high-priority group for vaccination. On the other hand, the effect of the Covid-19 vaccination on cancer is not transparent enough. This study is one of the first in vivo studies that try to show the impact of Sinopharm (S) and Astr

Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments.

Although the discovery and characterization of multiple tumor antigens have sparked the development of many antigen/derived cancer vaccines, many are poorly immunogenic and thus, lack clinical efficacy. Adjuvants are therefore incorporated into vaccine formulations to trigger strong and long-lasting immune responses. Adjuvants have generally been classified into two categories: those that 'depot' antigens (e.g. mineral salts such as aluminum hydroxide, emulsions, liposomes) and those that act as immunostimulants (Toll Like Receptor agonists, saponins, cytokines). In addition, several novel tec…

Prostate Cancer: Biology, Incidence, Detection Methods, Treatment Methods, and Vaccines.

Cancer of the prostate are cancers in which most incidences are slow-growing, and in the U.S., a record of 1.2 million new cases of prostate … eated with docetaxel-estramustine had a prostate-specific antigen response decline of at least 50%. Cancer vaccines are an immune-based cancer treatment that may provide the promise of a non-toxic but efficacious therapeutic alternative for cancer patients. Further studies will elucidate improved methods of detection and treatment.

New prophylactics human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines against cervical cancer.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is causatively associated with cervical cancer (CC), the fourth most common malignant disease of women worldwide. The introduction of first generation prophylactic HPV vaccines in several national vaccination programmes has substantially decreased the global incidence of HPV cervical infections. Despite the success obtained, the two-licenced bivalent and quadrivalent L1 (the major HPV capsid protein) virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines (2vHPV and 4vHPV) present some limitations, such as a virus-type restricted protection, the high cost of the manufacture, and an

Enhancing Immune Responses to Cancer Vaccines Using Multi-Site Injections.

For a vaccine to be effective it must induce a sufficiently robust and specific immune response. Multi-site injection protocols can increase the titers of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies. Hypothetically, spreading a vaccine dose across multiple lymphatic drainage regions could also potentiate T cell responses. We used a replication-deficient adenovirus serotype 5-vectored cancer vaccine targeting the melanoma-associated antigen dopachrome tautomerase. Clinically, high numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are a positive prognostic indicator. As such, there is interest in maximizing t