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Amygdala volume associated with alcohol abuse relapse and craving.

OBJECTIVE: Amygdala volume has been associated with drug craving in cocaine addicts, and amygdala volume reduction is observed in some alcohol-dependent subjects. This study sought an association in alcohol-dependent subjects between volumes of reward-related brain regions, alcohol craving, and the risk of relapse. METHOD: Besides alcohol craving, the authors assessed amygdala, hippocampus, and ventral striatum volumes in 51 alcohol-dependent subjects and 52 age- and education-matched healthy comparison subjects after detoxification. After imaging and clinical assessment, patients were follow…

Experimental manipulation of cocaine craving by videotaped environmental cues.

Thirteen male patients consecutively admitted to an inpatient drug and alcohol rehabilitation hospital with the primary diagnosis of crack cocaine dependence were shown a 30-minute videotape that included salient environmental cues intended to elicit cocaine craving. The subjects were tested before and after the videotape by the use of a continuous 20-cm analogue visual instrument that asks them to rate their perceived degree of craving, mood, energy, and wellness. Only craving showed a statistically significant change from pretest to posttest. Correlations among the four separate ratings sugg…

Changes in food cravings, dietary quality, body composition, and dietary intake during GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy: The CRAVE study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in diet quality, food cravings, dietary intake, and body composition during 24 weeks of GLP-1 RA OMM therapy in a real-world clinical setting. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, adults with obesity initiating semaglutide or tirzepatide were followed for 24 weeks (analytic n = 28). Participants did not receive structured nutrition intervention. Dietary intake was assessed using food records, and diet quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020). Food cravings were measured using the Food Cravings Inventory-III questionnaire. Body…

Psychometric properties of the German Penn Alcohol Craving Scale.

Craving for alcohol is an important diagnostic criterion in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and an established predictor of future relapse. The 5-item Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) is one of the most widely used questionnaires to quantify craving and has been translated into different languages. It is assumed that the PACS constitutes one factor, although theoretical considerations suggest an additional second factor. We conducted stability and factor analyses (principal component and confirmatory factor analyses) of the German PACS (PACS-G) in samples of patients with AUD from the following th…

[Virtual reality exposure therapy for treating addictions and craving].

Heroin addiction causes damage to physical and psychological health and can have serious social consequences. For people with addictive disorders, maintaining abstinence is a major difficulty. The stimuli that trigger cravings and urges are present in everyday life. For example, the presence of the substance, its smell, a stressful situation or a negative or positive emotion can trigger a strong urge for substance use. Craving can contribute to relapse episodes. Virtual reality exposure therapy (VET) may train people to cope differently when facing such triggers. This article presents a synthe…

Conquering the Craving: Treatment to Curb Alcohol Use Disorder.

Largely underutilized in North America, the use of medications to treat alcohol dependence is frequently a successful method of reducing alcohol craving and promoting abstinence. Recovery from alcohol addiction can be a complicated process, requiring nutritional, social, psychological, spiritual, and physical aspects of healing and self-directed behavioral change. Nurses can intervene in alcohol use disorder via screening, referrals, support of medical and behavioral treatments, and spiritual care that emphasizes hope, forgiveness, and relief from shame and guilt.

Single high-dose buprenorphine for opioid craving during withdrawal.

BACKGROUND: Opioid use disorder is one of the most prevalent addiction problems worldwide. Buprenorphine is used as a medication to treat this disorder, but in countries where buprenorphine is unavailable in combination with naloxone, diversion can be a problem if the medication is given outside a hospital setting. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of a single, high dose of buprenorphine on craving in opioid-dependent patients over 5 days of abstinence from use of other opioids. The primary goal was to determine the safety and efficacy of buprenorphine during…

Chocolate craving and disordered eating. Beyond the gender divide?

Chocolate craving in women has previously been linked to disordered eating behaviors. A relatively higher prevalence of eating disorder pathology may account for the fact that chocolate craving is significantly more common in women in North America, compared to many other countries. While support for a causal role of disordered eating in the etiology of craving in women is growing, little is known about the extent to which food cravings are associated with disordered eating behaviors in men. This study was designed to systematically assess the impact of gender and chocolate craving on measures…

Acupuncture inhibits cue-induced heroin craving and brain activation.

Previous research using functional MRI has shown that specific brain regions associated with drug dependence and cue-elicited heroin craving are activated by environmental cues. Craving is an important trigger of heroin relapse, and acupuncture may inhibit craving. In this study, we performed functional MRI in heroin addicts and control subjects. We compared differences in brain activation between the two groups during heroin cue exposure, heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point (ST36) without twirling of the needle, and heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli poi…

Association between psychiatric symptoms and craving in methamphetamine users.

This study examined the differences in psychiatric symptoms between adult methamphetamine users (n = 46) and control subjects (n = 31), the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and the intensity of methamphetamine craving, and whether psychiatric symptoms were correlated to methamphetamine drug-usage variables (ie, length of abstinence, frequency, duration, and lifetime grams). We found that depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression (CES-D) and many other psychiatric symptoms on the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) significantly correlated with craving methampheta…

Development of the brief Spanish Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-General.

Combining two different samples of cocaine users (N = 183), we tested the factor structure of a brief (12-item), Spanish version of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-General using confirmatory factor analysis. The four-factor model provided excellent fit to the measure. Moreover, the measure significantly differentiated between recent cocaine users and abstainers, as well as between participants with different levels of severity of drug-use history. Factor 1 expresses highly intense and overwhelming desires, Factor 2 expresses lack of self-control over cocaine use, Factor 3 items express lack …

Neural substrates of resisting craving during cigarette cue exposure.

BACKGROUND: In cigarette smokers, the most commonly reported areas of brain activation during visual cigarette cue exposure are the prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and visual cortices. We sought to determine changes in brain activity in response to cigarette cues when smokers actively resist craving. METHODS: Forty-two tobacco-dependent smokers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging, during which they were presented with videotaped cues. Three cue presentation conditions were tested: cigarette cues with subjects allowing themselves to crave (cigarette cue crave), cigarette cues with …

[Neurobiological mechanisms and pharmacological treatment options for alcohol craving].

In the last years, numerous studies have been performed on neurobiological mechanisms in alcohol craving. Changes in the hypothalamic cortisol pathway and the leptin metabolism, which is also associated with pharmacological interventions, have been of special interest. With acamprosate and naltrexone two substances exist for pharmacotherapy, but recent results about the efficacy are controversial. The clinical profit of disulfiram has been shown, at least in a subgroup of patients. Besides, there are several promising candidate substances. Current investigations focus on a differentiated pharm…

Neural activity related to drug craving in cocaine addiction.

BACKGROUND: Crack cocaine dependence and addiction is typically associated with frequent and intense drug wanting or craving triggered by internal or environmental cues associated with past drug use. METHODS: Water O 15 positron emission tomography (PET) studies were used to localize alterations in synaptic activity related to cue-induced drug craving in 8 crack cocaine-dependent African American men. In a novel approach, script-guided imagery of autobiographical memories were used as individualized cues to internally generate a cocaine craving state and 2 control (ie, anger and neutral episo…

Cracking the Code of Cravings: Endocannabinoids and the Hypothalamic Appetite Nexus.

A complex metabolic condition i.e. obesity is linked to a number of health issues, such as Diabetes, metabolic dysfunctions and cardiovascul … uting factor to the rising prevalence of obesity is disturbed eating patterns, frequently driven by cravings rather than actual hunger. Hypothalamus, particularly the arcuate nucleus plays an important role in regulating hunger and energy homeostasis in the body. The arcuate nucleus regulates appetite through two primary pathways: the orexigenic (appetite …

Oxytocin as a neurotherapeutic target for nicotine withdrawal and craving modulation.

Nicotine addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder driven by neuroadaptive changes in reward, stress, and emotional regulation systems. Withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, irritability, cravings, and anhedonia, significantly hinder smoking cessation efforts. Despite current treatment options such as nicotine replacement therapy, relapse rates remain high. Traditionally, nicotine's reinforcing properties have been attributed to its action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) within the mesolimbic dopamine system, particularly the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (…

Раскритиковать как трансдиагностический признак зависимости? Перспектива поведенческих пристрастий.

Иногда термин « зависимость » используется как в средствах массовой информации, так и в народных выступлениях для описания чрезмерного участия в повседневных действиях, таких, как потребление сахара, использование экрана или физические упражнения. Такое чрезмерное использование может отражать тот факт, что вознаграждающее поведение, как и использование приносящих пользу веществ, может приводить к многократному использованию, иногда превышающему то, что считается разумным, и иметь значительные негативные последствия. В связи с этим возникают фундаментальные вопросы: по каким критериям можно опр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The addiction term is sometimes overused, both in the media and popular discourse, to describe excessive engagement in everyday behaviors su … haviors? This perspective article proposes to explore these questions by examining the relevance of craving, defined as an intense, persistent, but involuntary desire to use a specific substance/behavior. Although craving is well-established as a core criterion for substance addictions, with strong prognostic value, clinical utility, it has not yet been f …

Exploring the nature and relationship of tobacco cigarette craving and withdrawal.

The status of craving as a tobacco withdrawal symptom is unclear. Some withdrawal scales include it, whereas others do not. This issue is theoretically and clinically important and affects the predictive validity and interpretation of withdrawal measures. This study investigated abstinence symptoms among individuals (N = 232) undergoing unmedicated withdrawal from tobacco cigarettes during the first week following a target quit day (TQD). Participants were motivated to quit and were given counseling before and after their TQD. Analyses focused on the dynamic patterns of craving and other withd…

An experimental investigation into the impact of acute stress on alcohol craving.

Drinking to cope is associated with many negative alcohol-related outcomes among college students, such as increased alcohol use, drinking-r … h, the present study aimed to (a) test the impact of an acute stressor on state anxiety and alcohol craving and (b) investigate trait-level drinking characteristics as potential moderators of the impact of the acute stressor. Participants were 137 (Mage = 19.9, SDage = 2.0; 82.5% female; 41.6% White) college students who consumed alcohol in the past month …