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What the research says about concussion risk factors and prevention strategies for youth sports: A scoping review of six commonly played sports.

INTRODUCTION: Given the growing research on potential adverse outcomes related to concussion and other serious brain injuries and the increa … strategies focused on youth athletes (ages 5-18 years) in six sports (football, ice hockey, soccer, lacrosse, basketball, and wrestling). RESULTS: Of the 18 publications identified, the publications focused on risk factors (N = 11), policy (N = 1), rule changes (N = 3), education (N = 2), equipment (N = 2), and playing technique (N = 0). Some articles had …

Hip injuries in the overhead athlete.

BACKGROUND: The overhead athlete is at risk for shoulder and elbow injuries. However, the mechanics associated with overhead sports also pla … eturned to preinjury level of play. METHODS: We retrospectively identified high-level baseball and lacrosse players (varsity high school, collegiate, and professional) who underwent arthroscopic treatment for FAI. Thirty-four athletes with an average age of 21.4 years met study criteria. There were 16 baseball players and 18 lacrosse players. All patients …

Elbow Arthroscopy for Posteromedial Impingement and Fixation of Olecranon Stress Fracture.

Posteromedial elbow impingement due to valgus extension overload often develops as a result of excessive valgus and extension force during repetitive overhead throwing activities. Impingement classically occurs in throwing athletes such as baseball, tennis, softball, or lacrosse players. If isolated, arthroscopic removal of the posteromedial olecranon osteophytes shows excellent postoperative satisfaction, return to sport rates, and return to previous level of activity. This Technical Note describes treatment of posteromedial elbow impingement syndrome and associated olecranon stress fracture …

Anterior Neck Trauma.

In brief: Sports-related injuries to the anterior neck can cause serious airway compromise, requiring life-saving fieldside skills on the part of physicians and trainers covering the event. After reviewing the case of a recreational lacrosse player whose laryngeal injury resulted in severe respiratory distress, the authors discuss field management of anterior neck trauma, including the options for reestablishing an injured athlete's airway and the clinical signs-such as aphonia, hemoptysis, tracheal deviation, or palpable crepitus-that necessitate immediate transport to the hospital. The autho…

Исследование по перекрестной нейтрализации семи калифорнийских групп (Bunyaviridae) штаммов в гомоизотермальных (PS) и пойкилотермовых (XTC-2) позвоночных клетках.

Антигенные связи между семью калифорнийскими группами были изучены в ходе испытания на нейтрализацию доски (PRNT). В большинстве случаев имели место перекрестные реакции, однако были отмечены три подгруппы: 1) основная серогруппа содержала вирусы калифорнийского энцефалита, лакроссе, снежного тумана и трахины (включая штамм Лумбо), в то время как 2) каньон Джеймстауна и 3) вирусы тривиттатата отличались друг от друга. Значительных различий между результатами PRNT в клетках млекопитающих (PS), инкубированных при 37 градусах С, и клетками амфибий (XTC-2), инкубированных при 28 градусах С, не был

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Antigenic relationships among seven California group strains were studied by a plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Cross-reactions occurred in most cases but three subgroups were noted: (1) the major serogroup contained the viruses of California encephalitis, LaCrosse, Snowshoe Hare and Trahyna (including the Lumbo strain) whereas (2) Jamestown Cany…

Commonly Reported Mosquito-Borne Viruses in the United States: A Primer for Pharmacists.

Mosquito-borne diseases are a public health concern. Pharmacists are often a patient's first stop for health information and may be asked questions regarding transmission, symptoms, and treatment of mosquito borne viruses (MBVs). The objective of this paper is to review transmission, geographic location, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of MBVs. We discuss the following viruses with cases in the US in recent years: Dengue, West Nile, Chikungunya, LaCrosse Encephalitis, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, and Zika. Prevention, including vaccines, and the impact of climate change are also discus…

Avenues for prevention using the epidemiology of sport-related concussion from a large high school surveillance study.

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiology provides fundamental opportunities to protect student-athlete health. The goal of this study was to describe the epi … ckey, and wrestling. Girls' sports with the highest clinical incidence included basketball, soccer, lacrosse, competitive cheer, and gymnastics. Girls consistently had higher SRC rates relative to boys for baseball/softball, basketball, and soccer (CIR range 1.65 [95% CI 1.41-1.93] to 3.32 [95% CI 2.67-4.16]). Girls had lower SRC in lacrosse in 2015/2016 ( …

Incidents and patterns of commotio cordis among athletes in the USA from 1982 to 2023.

INTRODUCTION: Commotio cordis is a rare event that occurs following blunt, non-penetrating trauma to the chest, precipitating a ventricular … pparatus (n=39) or contact with another player (n=20). The most common sports were baseball (n=20), lacrosse (n=17) and football (n=13). Over half of these incidents resulted in death (n=34), although survival from commotio cordis increased over the study period. A higher proportion of fatal incidents occurred among football athletes and were caused by con …

Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussion.

Sport-related concussions are common in the United States. Concussion rates have increased over time, likely due to improved recognition and awareness. Concussion rates vary across level (high school vs college), sex, and sport. Concussion rates are the highest among men, particularly in football, wrestling, ice hockey, and lacrosse where collisions and contact are inherent to the sports, although girls'/women's soccer rates are high. In gender-comparable sports, women have higher concussion rates. Continued data collection will increase understanding of sport-related concussion and provide ar…

Inferior Articular Process Fracture in a Collegiate Athlete Causing Back Pain: A Case Report of Surgical Treatment.

CASE: A 20-year-old male athlete presented with 8 months of low back pain. Conservative management had been unsuccessful. He noted lumbar spine pain with extension, and imaging showed features of an L4-5 inferior articular facet tip fracture. The fragment was excised, he returned to college lacrosse and is without symptoms at the 9-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: In similar cases with facet fragments, we would recommend a full workup and attempt nonoperative therapy. If not improved and a diagnostic injection provides near-complete relief, then resection of the facet fragment can be discussed as…

Correlation of Head Impact Exposures With Vestibulo-Ocular Assessments.

CONTEXT: Managing a concussion injury should involve the incorporation of a multifaceted approach, including a vision assessment. The fronto … SIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Division I university. PATIENTS: Thirty-three Division I men's lacrosse players (age = 19.52 [1.20] y). INTERVENTION: Competitive lacrosse season. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At the beginning and end of the season, the players completed a vestibulo-ocular reflex assessment, using the InVision™ system by Neurocom® to assess …

Estimated Age of First Exposure to Contact Sports and Neurocognitive, Psychological, and Physical Outcomes in Healthy NCAA Collegiate Athletes: A Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Collegiate football players who started playing tackle football before age 12 years did not show worse neuropsychological test performance than those who started playing tackle football after age 12 years. It is unknown if beginning other contact sports, such as lacrosse, at a younger age is associated with worse neurocognitive performance, greater psychological distress, or worse postural stability in collegiate student athletes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between estimated age of first exposure (eAFE) to repetitive head impacts (RHI) and …

Prevention strategies and modifiable risk factors for concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the Female, woman and girl/or Athlete Injury pRevention (FAIR) consensus.

OBJECTIVE: To examine prevention strategies and potential modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for sport-related concussion (SRC) and head impact/ … r outcomes and exposure. Headgear was associated with 30% lower SRC rates in adolescent female/girl lacrosse and soccer (IRR=0.70, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.99; very-low certainty). Eyewear use was not protective for SRC (IRR=1.08, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.68; very-low certainty). SRC rates did not differ by artificial turf versus grass (IRR=0.95, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.45; very …

Ultrasonic Pin Placement for Resorbable Rigid Fixation of a Thyroid Cartilage Fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To present the first use of an ultrasonic pin resorbable plate fixation system for rigid fixation of a laryngeal fracture. METHODS: Presentation of a 20-year-old male with a high velocity injury to his neck, via a lacrosse ball, resulting in a displaced laryngeal cartilage fracture. RESULTS: Intraoperatively, a Poly-D, L-Lactic Acid (PDLLA) polymer plate was contoured in-situ, bridging the fracture, and secured with ultrasonically placed resorbable pins. He was extubated on post-op day one and had return to vocal baseline one-month post-op. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic pin placement sy…

Concussion Nondisclosure in Youth Sports.

CONTEXT: Researchers conducting studies about sport-related concussion (SRC) reporting behaviors and reasons for nondisclosure primarily focus on older athletic populations. Youth athletes participating in contact sports are also at risk for SRC; however, little is known about their SRC disclosure patterns and reasons for nondisclosure. OBJECTIVE: To examine the self-reported SRC history and reasons for SRC nondisclosure of youth athletes aged 8-14 years. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Youth athletes in organized football, ice hockey, lacrosse, or soccer. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICI…

Epidemiology of Injuries Sustained in Boys' High School Contact and Collision Sports, 2008-2009 Through 2012-2013.

BACKGROUND: Injury epidemiology for boys' high school contact and collision sport has been described in several overlapping but fragmented studies. Comprehensive comparisons of injuries sustained in boys' soccer, wrestling, football, ice hockey, and lacrosse are lacking. PURPOSE: To describe patterns of injury by severity, body site, and diagnosis among high school boys' contact and collision sports in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: Injury rates and rate ratios (RRs) were calculated for injuries sustained in boys' high school soccer, wrestling, foo…

Should School Boards Discontinue Support for High School Football?

A pediatrician is asked by her local school board to help them decide whether to discontinue their high school football program. She reviews the available evidence on the risks of football and finds it hopelessly contradictory. Some scholars claim that football is clearly more dangerous than other sports. Others suggest that the risks of football are comparable to other sports, such as lacrosse, ice hockey, or soccer. She finds very little data on the long-term sequelae of concussions. She sees claims that good coaching and a school culture that prioritizes the health of athletes over winning …

Cervical instability presenting as thoracic pain: case report and literature review.

STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of cervical instability from an os odontoideum that presented as posterior thoracic pain and to present a review of the literature. BACKGROUND: Thoracic posterior paraspinal spasms and pain are common chief complaints in individuals with spinal abnormalities. METHODS: A 19-year-old man presented with posterior thoracic pain for nearly 1 year following a college sports-related injury (lacrosse). Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any significant thoracic or lumbar spinal cord or nerve root pathology, but di…

Epidemiologic comparison of ankle injuries presenting to US emergency departments versus high school and collegiate athletic training settings.

BACKGROUND: Ankle sprains account for a large proportion of injuries presenting to both United States (US) emergency departments (EDs) as we … lyzed for patients 14-22 years old participating in 12 sports (male football, baseball, basketball, lacrosse, soccer, and wrestling, and female softball, basketball, lacrosse, soccer, volleyball, and field hockey). We calculated sport-specific injury rates, proportions, and rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: During the study pe …

Collegiate athletes' perceptions of the culture of concussion reporting.

The current study was designed to understand the culture of concussion among college student-athletes. Participants: Eight men's lacrosse and seven women's soccer players. Methods: A focus group was conducted to understand thoughts, barriers, team culture, and what was needed to feel safe reporting symptoms. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes. Results: Themes included concerns about being taken out, pushing through, wanting to play, severity influencing reporting, changes about concussion reporting, uncertainty about symptoms, concussion have changed the game, reporting a t…